EXTENDED LAC TATION IN DAIRY COWS

Transcription

1 UNIVERSITY EAAP 2016 EXTENDED LAC TATION IN DAIRY COWS - THE REPROLAC PROJEC T J. SEHESTED, C. G AILLARD, T. KRISTENSEN, J.O. LEHMANN, L. MOGENSEN, G. MAC IEL, M. VESTERGAARD

2 MO RE LAC TATION HIG HER EFFIC IENC Y? A typical DK cow is productive only 50% of it s life: 1. C a lving: 26 mo of a ge La cta ting: 27 mo (appr. 2.5 la c ta tions) Dry: 4 mo C ulling: 57 mo of a ge Is extended lactation (EL) a solution? 2

3 BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES OF EL Milk production and persistency of lactation Milk qua lity Reproduction (poster 16) Lifetime performance and longevity (poster 14) Herd level effects and efficiency (Theater 3 / Poster 17) 3

4 THE REPROLAC PROJEC T Aim: to develop a new stra tegy for milk production tha t improves productivity, animal welfare as well as the economy of the fa rmer Intensive on station study with two feeding stra tegies in support of EL Extensive study on 4 private farms with short a nd long la c ta tions within fa rm 4

5 MILK PRODUCTION AND PERSISTENCY 5

6 YIELD HAS INCREASED PERSISTENC Y? Yield, kg ECM Holste in cows pa rity Weeks from calving Kristensen,

7 LAC TATION C URVE IS PLASTIC Milk yield 10 mo lactation Pregnancy 16 mo lactation Milking freq Diet Energy Diet Protein C a lving AI AI Month 7

8 EFFEC T OF PREGNANCY Milk yield, kg/ d AI Sta rt of la st trimester Weeks from ca lving All pa rities Pregna ncy: reduced MY by 2.6 kg/ day C hristia nsen et a l Nørgaard et al. 2008, ANIMALc 8

9 2x VERSUS 3x MILKING Wall and McFadden., 2008

10 Calving interval: 12 mo 18 mo Milking freq + 2 x

11 IS 305-D LAC TATION MANAG EMENT STILL O PTIMAL? Production or with EL (Arbel et al. 2008) Profita bility with EL (Arbel et al. 2008) Efficiency expected to with EL W elfa re concerns reg. dry-off a t high yields (Zobel et al., 2015) 11

12 REPROLAC: 4 PRIVATE FARMS WITH EL Herd 1 Herd 2 Herd 3 Herd 4 Lehma nn,

13 13

14 2 ND LAC TATION YIELD INC REASE W ITH C I 2 nd la cta tion yie ld first 80 da ys, Kg EC M / d 38,0 36,0 34,0 32,0 30,0 28,0 26,0 24,0 a ab bc bc c C I < C I < C I < C I 19 CI > 19 First parity calving interval (CI), mo. Lehma nn et a l., 2016, JDS 14

15 LATE LAC T. YIELD: 45 DAYS BEFORE DRY OFF Kg EC M / da y st lactation 2nd lactation Later lactations a a a a ab b a bc bc a c cd C I < CI < CI < CI 19 C a lving interva l, mo Lehma nn et a l., 2016, JDS 15

16 C ULLING Pa rity 1. pa rity O lder La cta tion le ngth Short Long Short Long C ulled, % Lehma nn, unpubl. 16

17 ON STATION EXPERIMENT 62 Holstein cows Enter the experiment 2 months before ca lving - Dry off pen - Dry off diet At ca lving 45 Multiparous & 17 primipa rous Feed bins 1 AMS At 8 months Insemina tion AIM 16 months lactation 10

18 Feeding strategies % DM LD diet HD diet Ba rley W hea t Rapeseed Cake Suga r beet pulp C oncentra tes AMS G ra ss/ clover sila ge C orn sila ge E, MJ NEL/kg DM Smaller difference of MJ NEL/ kg DM: 4% instea d of pla nned 10% units

19 REPROLAC YIELD AND PERSISTENC Y Parity 1. parity Older Kg milk per la cta tion 13,746 15,799 Kg milk per milking da y Milking frequency (AMS) G a illa rd et a l.,

20 Persistency 0,04 Slope of ECM, kg/d 1E-16-0,04-0,08-0, ,16 Shift DFS HD-LD < LD-LD G a illa rd et a l.,

21 MILK QUALITY 21

22 ON STATION: MILK COMPOSITION Aim: Inve stiga te the qua lity of milk produced during extended la cta tion in rela tion to mid la cta tion Milk yield (kg/ d) Conception 12-mo CI Conception Milk sa mple collection: P1:140 to 175 DIM P2: 280 to 315 DIM P3: 385 to 420 DIM Da ys in milk (DIM) Maciel et al

23 ON STATION: MILK C OMPOSITION Composition Lactation period SEM Significance P1 P2 P3 Period Feeding Parity Milk solids La c tose, % 4.81 a 4.75 b 4.73 c 0.01 *** ** NS Fa t, % 3.68 c 4.11 b 4.35 a 0.10 *** NS NS Prote in, % 3.28 c 3.62 b 3.81 a 0.04 *** NS NS C a sein, % 2.53 c 2.76 b 2.93 a 0.03 *** NS NS C a sein:protein, % 77.1 a 76.3 b 76.8 ab 0.3 * NS NS Maciel et al

24 ON STATION: MILK C OMPOSITION Composition Lactation period SEM Significance P1 P2 P3 Period Feed Parity Udder integrity indica tors C onductivity, ms/cm NS NS NS ph NS NS NS C hloride, mg/ L b ab a 17.3 * NS ** Maciel et al

25 CHEESE-MAKING PROPORTIES Coagulation time Yield Gel firmness Maciel et al. 2016

26 SENSORY QUALITY No effect of diet Most pa ra meters una ffected C ha nges were ma inly related to increased fa t a nd prote in Maciel et al. 2016

27 REPRODUCTION See also poster #

28 Daily activity, mov/h Activity during estrus Estrus number postpartum estrus normal +17 mov/ h during estrus 46% 68%

29 ESTRUS: YIELD AND MILKING FREQUENCY

30 REPROLAC ESTRUS AND MILK YIELD 34 Milk yield, kg/ d BEFORE ESTRUS DURING ESTRUS LOSS: 0.56 KG MILK PER ESTRUS Estrus no G a illa rd et al., 2016

31 PREGNANCY RATES Pregnancy rate at 1st AI Pregnancy rate at 2nd AI 60 Pregnancy rate at first AI NO DIFFERENCES PL = Previous 10 mo EL = Extended 16 mo FL = Following 10 mo 0 PL EL FL Few animals: n = 62 n = 62 n = 38

32 SUM UP Milk production is ma inta ined a t high level Milk qua lity is the sa me or slightly improved Increased activity due to estrus Reproduction uaffected Lifetime performance and longevity Herd level effects and efficiency - problem? Poster 16 Poster 14 Theater 3 / Poster 17 36

33 REPROLAC Extended la c ta tion in da iry production in favour of climate, animal welfare and productivity

34 EXTRAS 38

35 BCS AT THE C ALVING FO LLO W ING EL Body condition sc ore 4,00 3,75 3,50 3,25 3,00 2,75 2,50 C I < CI < CI < CI 19 C I < CI < CI < CI 19 C I < CI < CI < CI 19 C I < CI < CI < CI 19 Herd 1 Herd 2 Herd 3 Herd 4 39 Lehma nn, 2016

36 SVENSK FORSØG FRA 90 ERNE Bertilsson e t a l., 1997

37 Proportion of cows still milking during a 670-d la cta tion Kaplan-Meier survival curves Diet: 16 mo 18 mo Grainger et al. 2009, J. Dairy Sci.

38 UNIVERSITY 35 SEHESTED ET AL., EAAP Cheese-ma king properties C FR a nd G ma x from P1 to P3 Wet and dry curd yield with P1 to P3 RC T in la te la cta tion 100 g of milk protein = same curd yield No cha nges in curd moisture Maciel et al (Pa) (Pa/min) (min) a ab b c b a b b a Lactation period c b a c b a Lactation period (g of curd/100 g of milk) (g of curd DM/100g of milk DM) (g of curd DM/100g of milk protein) 42

39 IS 305-D LAC TATION MANAG EMENT STILL O PTIMAL? Production = or with EL (Arbel et al. 2008) Profita bility with EL (Arbel et al. 2008) Efficiency expected to with EL W elfa re effects of dry-off a t high yields (Zobel et al., 2015) 43

40 YIELD HAS INCREASED PERSISTENC Y? Yield, kg ECM Holste in cows pa rity 2 Is 305-d la c ta tion management still optimal? Production or with EL (Arbel et al. 2008) Profita bility w ith EL (Arbel e t a l. 2008) Efficiency expected to with EL W e lfa re effects of dry-off (Zobel et al., 2015) Weeks from calving Kristensen,

41 Recordings Production data Physiological data Reproduction data Da ily DMI, MY, LW BCS every 2 weeks Milk fat, protein, lactose & cells every week + EC M a nd EB (input output) ca lcula tions W eekly pla sma NEFA, BHBA, glucose, urea, uric a cid, insulin, IG F-1from week 1 to 36 Progesterone in milk Hourly a c tivity Estrus beha vior Pregna ncy ra tes a nd number of AI per pregna ncy