LAND GOVERNANCE AND IMPACT ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY IN AFRICA: EMERGING TRENDS AND AFRICA UNION/NEPAD FRAMEWORKS

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1 LAND GOVERNANCE AND IMPACT ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY IN AFRICA: EMERGING TRENDS AND AFRICA UNION/NEPAD FRAMEWORKS MANDI RUKUNI PAPER PREPARED FOR ICSS CONFERENCE, CAPE TOWN, MARCH 2016

2 INTRODUCTION Securing land rights in Africa is now an issue directly related to broader issues of governance Africans now focused on the impact of land policy on: Productivity of agricultural enterprises Sustainable management of natural resources Livelihoods and food security

3 LAND GOVERNACE ISSUES IMPACTING ON FOOD SECURITY Majority of land users in Africa enjoy customary rights; The poorest group Livelihoods and food security directly related to land rights These rights are impacted by the State and FDI Elites positioned to commodify land Growing urbanisation source of demand to acquire land from smallholders for real estate FDI acquiring large tracts of land which are largely underutilised, and leave smallholders destitute

4 AU FRAMEWORK AND GUIDELINES ON LAND POLICY AND NEPAD AGENCY S LAND GOVERNANCE PROGRAMME (LPG). AU Declaration On Land Issues And Challenges In Africa: Thirteenth Ordinary Session In Sirte, Libya (2009 Leading to the Framework and Guidelines on Land Policy in Africa LGP is a country self-assessment tool crafted by NEPAD, the World Bank and BEAT Relate land governance to land degradation neutrality, rural transformation and urbanization LPG utilizes local data for national level assessment as applied to countries main sectors: agriculture and livestock; extractive industries; forestry, reserved areas, hunting and tourism; urban development and real estate; and infrastructure development..

5 MAIN LAND GOVERNANCE ISSUES FOR AFRICA Weak land governance systems Insecure land rights Problematic attempts in reforming customary tenure Problematic Large Scale Land based Investments

6 FINDINGS FROM 4 PILOT LGP COUNTRY STUDIES: BURKINA FASO, CAMEROON, MALAWI AND TANZANIA LPG of NEPAD Agency main purpose to provide strategic support to African countries in addressing land governance issues The main finding from the 4 case studies is that land policy and governance are increasingly important for overall economic development. Land important for employment, industrial development, urban expansion, agriculture and natural resources.

7 KEY SECTORS DEPENDENT ON GOOD LAND POLICY AND GOVERNANCE Agriculture and livestock systems current efforts to commercialize smallholder agriculture efforts to allocate land for large scale land based investments (LSLBI) integrated land use management, including needs livestock sector and striving for land degradation neutrality Mining and other extractive industries: with emphasis on impact on land held by smallholders and attention also for artisanal and small-scale miners Forestry, reserved areas, hunting and tourism Urban expansion, and real estate development Infrastructure development

8 LPG IS A COUNTRY SELF-ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGICAL TOOL Regulatory frameworks for accessing and managing land Main decision making processes and how participatory; and progress made so far Identified for each of the sectors, any land related priorities not addressed Identified for each sector, any African Union/NEPAD initiative ( e.g. land policy Framework and Guidelines (F&Gs, Nairobi declaration on Large Scale Land Based Investments (LSLBI) or International commitment related to land tenure and land use (such as land degradation neutrality) Assessed land data availability (administrative, survey/ census, spatial, LGAF), integration of data and how to monitor progress

9 METHODOLOGY RESULTS EMERGING FROM COUNTRY CASE STUDIES Understanding the role of land in structural transformation Use of secondary data Use of administrative data, opportunities and challenges Use of World Bank Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) data Use of GIS/satellite imagery Approaches for stakeholder engagement

10 CONCLUSIONS LPG initiatives need to develop support programmes for African countries develop the country and sector assessment tools and modules policy oriented land governance monitoring develop basic land governance data (regulatory framework, administrative, survey and census, spatial); develop training and capacity development programmes and modules. Implement these for all key sectors alluded to.