H. Randall Smith; Ph.D. Agronomy and Wayne Porter: Ph.D. Horticulture Mississippi State University Extension Service

Transcription

1 Effect of SumGrow on growth, development nd yield of Irish pottoes (Solnum tuerosum) t the Beumont Reserch Sttion (Mississippi Stte University) during 217 H. Rndll Smith; Ph.D. Agronomy nd yne Porter: Ph.D. Horticulture Mississippi Stte University Extension Service Introduction: Irish pottoes re of gret economic nd dietry vlue s food-source worldwide rnking s the third most importnt food crop worldwide fter rice nd whet. orldwide consumption of pottoes in 212 ws 364,88,768 tonnes. The top five potto producing countries include Chin, Indi, Russin Federtion, Ukrine nd United Sttes t 95,941,5 metric tonnes (m/t), 45,343,6 m/t, 3,199,126 m/t, 22,258,6 m/t, nd 19,843,919 m/t respectively. Pottoes require high levels of fertilizer to produce high yields with mrketle qulity. However, in some countries fertilizer is very difficult to otin nd very expensive. Bio-stimulnts, like the SumGrow product, hve een used extensively in the over-ses mrket plce nd gretly exceeding wht is used in the United Sttes, more especilly in Mississippi. Bio-stimulnts re generlly nturlly occurring products tht when extrcted nd purified offer positive responses to the growth nd development of mny crop species. ith the SumGrow product, it hs een shown tht equivlent yields nd growth cn e otined t reduced fertilizer rtes when compred to full recommended fertilizer tretments. Astrct: SumGrow pplied t 1. gllons per cre did improve yield of the Irish potto s fertilizer rtes were reduced while the split pplictions t gllons per cre pplied t plnting nd gin folir five weeks fter emergence provided lower effect on yields. The SumGrow product lso ffected tuer size nd grde under reduced fertilizer rtes when compred to n untreted check when grown on the sndy soil type t the Beumont Reserch Sttion. Effect on plnt emergence nd growth ws less consistent compred to yield. However, t the finl plnt stnd evlution differences did occur indicting some response etween the SumGrow product, reduced fertilizer rtes nd finl plnt stnd. Plnt height ws ffected in positive mnner y the 1. gllon per cre rte s fertilizer rtes were reduced. Mterils nd Methods: The Beumont Reserch Sttion of Mississippi Stte University is comprised of sndy, cly lom soil type. Prior to plnting, soil smples were cquired y tking 25 su-smples from the tril re tken t 6. inches deep using soil proe. Smples were gged nd shipped to y Point Ls in Memphis, TN. Tril rrngement ws Rndomized Complete Block Design consisting of four replictions nd nlyzed using the Lest Significnt Differences te,5 proility level. Fertilizer tretments included 1%, 8% of recommended nd 5% of recommended. Fertilizer ws pplied to estlish two-row plots sed on soil results nd fertilizer formultion of ws pplied t rte of 12. pounds per 1 row feet. Therefore, ech previously hipped plot received 2.4 pounds of t the 1% rte, 1.9 pounds t the 8% reduction rte nd 1.2 pounds t the 5% reduction rte. Fertilizer ws pplied using hnd-held fertilizer spreder. A post emergent ppliction of Ure ws mde on April 4, 217 t rte of 1 pounds per cre using hnd-held fertilizer spreder. On Ferury 2, 217, Red LSod Irish pottoes were plnted into prepred eds tht were previously hipped using two-row hipper set on 36. inch rows. Plot lengths were 2. feet nd consisted of two row plots

2 llowing 12 squre feet per plot. Once eds were hipped, rows were opened nd previously sliced pottoes plnted to depth of pproximtely 8. inches. Plnting rte ws t one tuer section per foot of row giving 2 tuer sections per plot. Before the closure of the row plots were treted with the SumGrow product t 1. gllons per cre nd gllons per cre using CO2 ckpck spryer clirted to deliver 15. gllons per cre of wter (Tle 1.). A second ppliction ws mde post emergent on April 4, 217 t rte of gllons per cre (Tle 1.). Regulr scouting for insects ws conducted nd pplictions were mde on n s need sis. Hrvest occurred on My 26, 217 using one-row potto digger followed y hnd hrvesting into tgged mesh gs. Following the gging process, pottoes were weighed in the field nd recorded. Pottoes were then plced onto wire-mesh rcks until the grding process occurred. Grding ws conducted using tiers of oxes contining different dimeter size holes (<2.25 inches, 1.75 inches, 1.5 inches nd >1.5 inches) on June 6, 217. eights from ech potto grde ws conducted using digitl scles nd recorded. Once ech plot ws grde using this method, pottoes sved from the > 1.5 inch smple group ws mesured using Fisher hnd-held refrctometer to otin crohydrte redings. Results nd Discussion In-seson evlutions: Applictions of SumGrow did improve plnt growth s oserved in plnt height mesurements despite reducing fertilizer rtes. 1% nd 8% fertilizer rtes in comintion with the 1. gllon per cre SumGrow ppliction t plnting did not differ from the 1% fertilizer tretment. Tretments of 1 nd 5 % fertilizer with split pplictions of SumGrow t gllon per cre nd 1. gllon per cre respectively were lower in growth thn the 1% fertilizer tretment ut promoted greter growth thn the untreted check (Figure 8.). Plnt emergence evluted 3-1 nd 3-17 did not indicte ny differences etween the SumGrow tretments nd comprison checks. However, on the lst evlution dte differences did occur s the 1 nd 8 % fertilizer tretments t the 1. gllon per cre nd gllon per cre SumGrow rtes did not differ from the 1% fertilizer tretment. Despite limited sttisticl differences numericl differences were much greter thn the untreted check (Figure 9.) Hrvest. At hrvest criteri did show the strengths of the SumGrow product in reducing fertilizer rtes, hence reducing input costs nd minimizing environmentl hrdships. Brix evlution. SumGrow tretments t 1. gllons per cre did not differ significntly from 1% fertilizer when pplied with 1% fertilizer 8% or 5% fertilizer ut were greter thn the untreted check (Figure 1.). In ddition, split pplictions of SumGrow lso did not differ from the 1% fertilizer check ut lso did not differ from the untreted check. Therefore, SumGrow is ssisting in sugr formtion ut did not impct this growth prmeter s much s others. Pounds per cre sed on potto size or grde. SumGrow t 1. gllons per cre t plnting did significntly increse tuer size t the > 2.25 inch dimeter size (with exception of the 5% fertilizer tretment) over the 1% fertilizer tretment indicting this product did improve tuer size nd yield s fertilizer rtes were reduced. Split pplictions of SumGrow t 8% reduction rte lso incresed tuer size nd yield over the 1% tretment without SumGrow further indicting the impct of SumGrow on potto production t this grde. Split pplictions of SumGrow with 1% nd 5% fertilizer did improve size over the untreted check ut did not increse size over the 1% fertilizer check. Therefore, the t-plnting tretments of 1. gllons per cre do llow fertilizer reduction ut not elow the 8% rte (Figure 3.).

3 At the 1.75 inch dimeter, oth 8% tretments with SumGrow nd the 5% with SumGrow t 1. Gllons per cre produced higher yields thn the untreted check which were significntly greter t this grde thn the 1% fertilizer tretment without SumGrow tht did not differ from ech other. SumGrow s split ppliction or t plnting tretments t 1 nd 5% fertilizer did not differ from the untreted check or ech other ut were greter thn 1% fertilizer tretment. This does indicte tht SumGrow tretments do enhnce yields t this grde ut hve greter effect t the > 2.25 grde nd the plnt is producing t higher level t the lrger grde under the SumGrow tretments s fertilizer rtes re reduced (Figure 4.). Evlution t the 1.5 inch dimeter grde indicted tht fertilizer t 1% rte with no SumGrow produced significntly greter yields t this grde thn the remining tretments. SumGrow tretments of 1. gllon per cre t 1% nd 8% fertilizer rtes in ddition with the split SumGrow tretment t 1% fertilizer did not differ from the untreted check ut were greter thn the remining tretments of SumGrow. This further indictes tht the SumGrow tretments hs its gretest impct erly on lrger tuer production (Figure 5.). Response of SumGrow on < 1.5 inch dimeter pottoes indicted tht 1% nd 8% fertilizer with SumGrow pplied t 1. gllon per cre did not differ from the 1% fertilizer tretment indicting tht fertilizer rtes could e reduced with SumGrow t the 1. gllon per cre rte pplied t plnting. In ddition, tretments of 5% fertilizer with SumGrow t 1. gllon per cre nd gllon per cre did not differ from the previously mentioned SumGrow tretments s did 1% fertilizer with the split pplictions of SumGrow. All of these tretments were greter thn the untreted check. This indictes tht the untreted check cnnot sustin itself for the entire seson ut t lower fertilizer rtes with pplictions of SumGrowth norml growth processes cn continue while producing reltively high yields (Figure 6.). Overll yield t hrvest indicted tht the use of SumGrow could reduce fertilizer rtes y t lest 2% over the recommended rtes. Totl yield indicted tht 1% nd 8% fertilizer with SumGrow t 1. gllon per cre nd 8% fertilizer with split pplictions of SumGrow hd higher yields thn tretments with 1% fertilizer. In ddition, remining SumGrow tretments were greter in yield thn the untreted check (Figure 2.). This further indictes tht SumGrow cn reduce fertilizer use rtes while not compromising yields. Comined yields from the grding process t ten dys following hrvest showed the sme results where the SumGrow tretments were s much s 2,59 Ls/cre greter thn the 1% fertilizer tretment without SumGrow. Tretments of 8% fertilizer t 1. gllons per cre nd the split ppliction of gllons per cre were 2,364 nd 1,461 pounds per cre greter thn the 1% fertilizer tretment (Figure 7.). Figures nd Tles Tle 1.. Tretment list for the 217 Beumont Reserch Sttion Irish potto tril. Tretment Numer SumGrow Rte Fertilizer Rte 1 None 1% (2.4 Ls/plot) 2 1. Gllon/Acre 1% (2.4 Ls/plot) 3 Gllon/Acre 1% (2.4 Ls/plot) 4 1. Gllon/Acre 8% (1.9 Ls/plot) 5 Gllon/Acre 8% (1.9 Ls/plot) 6 1. Gllon/Acre 5% (1.2 Ls/plot)

4 7 Gllon/Acre 5% (1.2 Ls/plot 8 None None Figure 1.. Brix evlution using refrctometer on Irish potto t Beumont Reserch Sttion (MSU) c -d d x d + SG 4.39 cd 4.21 d Brix Z Juices from potto sized < 1.5 inch dimeter ws squeezed onto refrctometer. Y Lest Significnt Difference = 17. X Coefficient of vrition = Stndrd Devition=.351. V Mens not followed y sme letters differ t the.5 proility level. Figure 2.. Totl weight of Irish pottoes s influenced y SumGrow 3, 2, 1, 27,2 26,54 25,49 24,215 24,2 23,44 22,775 2,39 c cd cd d d e 8% SG SG 8% SG x 2 5% SG SG x 2 CHK ( Fert) 5% SG x 2 Totl t (Ls/Ac) Z Mens not followed y sme letters differ t the.5 proility level. Y Lest Significnt Difference = X Stndrd Devition = Coefficient of vrition =3.11.

5 Figure 3.. eight of Irish pottoes greter thn 2.25 inches t ten dys following hrvest treted with SumGrow t different fertilizer rtes c d e x 2 + SG e e f Grde 1 (>2.25") Z Mens not followed y sme letters differ t the.5 proility level. Y Lest Significnt Difference =.67 X Stndrd Devition =.45. Coefficient of vrition =1.46. Figure 4.. eight of Irish pottoes 1.75 inches in size t ten dys following hrvest treted with SumGrow t different fertilizer rtes c c c c 4275 d 1 + SG x 2 Grde 2 (1.75" dimeter) Z Mens not followed y sme letters differ t the.5 proility level. Y Lest Significnt Difference =.76 X Stndrd Devition = 2.

6 Coefficient of vrition = Figure 5.. eight of Irish pottoes 1.5 inches in size t ten dys following hrvest treted with SumGrow t different fertilizer rtes x 2 Grde 3 (1.5" Dimeter) SG 55 c c cd d Z Mens not followed y sme letters differ t the.5 proility level. Y Lest Significnt Difference =.199 X Stndrd Devition =.13. Coefficient of vrition = Figure 6.. eight of Irish pottoes < 1.5 inches in size t ten dys following hrvest treted with SumGrow t different fertilizer rtes c + SG c c x c 35 d Grde 4 (< 1.5 " dimeter) Z Mens not followed y sme letters differ t the.5 proility level. Y Lest Significnt Difference =.168 X Stndrd Devition =.2. Coefficient of vrition = 7.3.

7 Tle 7.. Yield (Pounds/cre) of Irish pottoes t ten dys following hrvest treted with SumGrow t different fertilizer rtes Fert + SG SG x 2 Ls/Ac Z Mens not followed y sme letters differ t the.5 proility level. Y Lest Significnt Difference = X Stndrd Devition = 32.. Coefficient of vrition = c cd de + SG Fert e + SG x f Tle 8.. Plnt Height (inches) of Irish Pottoes s ffected y SumGrow under vrying fertilizer rtes treted rted on t Beumont Reserch Frm of Mississippi Stte University % Fert. + SG. Fert 1% Fert + 2 X c c c + SG. + 2 X + 2 X 6.9 UTC Plnt Ht (") Z Mens not followed y sme letters differ t the.5 proility level. Y Lest Significnt Difference =.47 X Stndrd Devition = 1.4. Coefficient of vrition =.186.

8 Tle 9.. Plnt popultion of Irish Pottoes s ffected y SumGrow under vrying fertilizer rtes rted on 3-1, 3-17, t Beumont Reserch Frm of Mississippi Stte University c -c c c c Fert 1% Fert. 1% Fert + 2 X + SG. + 2 X + SG. + 2 X UTC Plnts/Ac (3-1) Plnts/Ac (3-17) Plnts/Ac (3-31) Z Mens not followed y sme letters differ t the.5 proility level. Y Lest Significnt Difference = 464. t 3-1; 114. t 3-17; 392 t X Stndrd Devition = 315. t 3-1; 689. t 3-17; 267 t Coefficient of vrition = 9.81 t 3-1; 5.49 t 3-17; 1.8 t V No differences t 3-1 or t the.5 level of proility.