The role of livestock in poverty reduction Challenges in collecting livestock data in the context of living standard household surveys in Africa

Transcription

1 The role of livestock in poverty reduction Challenges in collecting livestock data in the context of living standard household surveys in Africa Alberto Zezza Development Research Group The World Bank Atelier de formation collective Systèmes d information et outils de pilotage du secteur élevage dans les pays du Sud. Postures et méthodes Montpellier, juillet 2011

2 Objective Describe the status quo related to the availability of livestock data in nationally representative living standard surveys in Africa Present the key activities planned by two sister projects with the aim of filling some of the identifies gaps and shortcomings in data and methods

3 LSMS: Enquête Nationale sur le Niveau de Vie des Ménages Established 1980 (first surveys in 1985) Measure living standards & poverty; monitor trends, understand determinants Multi-topic Consumption expenditure Education, Health, Employment, Housing & Basic services Income (incl. agriculture) Migration, environment, credit, time-use, subjective welfare, anthropometry Nationally representative ( hh s; 3-5 year intervals) Country-owned (Stat offices), with technical assistance

4 Livestock in LSMS questionnaires Few questions on livestock ownership Very few questions on inputs / not related to animals / livestock species Few questions on production quantity / value (sales / consumption)

5 Ghana LSMS 1988 Livestock ownership: 11 questions Inputs (feed, health, labour, marketing): 6 questions Production / consumption: 10 questions did you spend anything on animal feed in the last 12 months? IF YES how much?

6 Nepal LSMS 2002/03 Livestock ownership: 4 questions Inputs (fodder, health, transport of feed, other): 6 questions Production value: 7 questions INCOME ITEM 1. MILK INCOME TOTAL INCOME TOTAL REVENUE OVER PAST 12 MONTHS

7 Some challenges and shortcomings Some contributions of livestock not fully captured (manure, transport, ploughing) Gender (ownership, management, labour) Limited breed and herd structure information (and sex, age, type) Underestimation of income? Quantities and prices

8 0 frequency Is income underestimated? Ghana 1998 Livestock Specializers (.5) cedi/capita/month income consumption difference

9 Two projects trying to improve ag. data Gates (BMGF) funded World Bank operated 6 years, panel 6+1 countries Gates (BMGF) funded WB/FAO/ILRI/AU-IBAR operated 3 years 3 countries 3 components (only one on household data)

10 Joint outputs Datasets, public access Questionnaire development Sourcebook Advocacy document Analytical work Livestock in livelihoods Methods (pastoralism, herd structure, milk) ADePT analytical tool (livestock module)

11 LSMS-ISA Survey Schedule Tanzania 2008/ / /13 Uganda 2009/ / / /14 Malawi 2010/ /13 Nigeria 2010/ /13 Mali 2012/ /15 Ethiopia 2011/ /14 Niger 2011/ /14 LDIA Country/years

12 The LSMS-ISA Project in Perspective Living Standard measurement Study (LSMS) surveys Early development Customization Dissemination of methods and data Phase IV 2006 Methodological development LSMS- ISA

13 LSMS- ISA features Panel Multi-topic Focus on agriculture Build on existing/planned surveys Improved links to other data sources Inter-institutional collaboration Open Data Access Policy Improvement of measures

14 LSMS-ISA: Overview of Survey Instruments Household Expenditures Food & Nonfood Education Health Labour Nonfarm Enterprises Durable Assets Anthropometry Food Security Shocks/Vulnerability Agriculture Plot Details Inputs Use & Access; Labor & Non-Labor Alike Crops Cultivation & Production Livestock Fisheries Farm Implements & Machinery Extension services Community Demographics Services Facilities Infrastructure Governance Organizations & Groups Prices

15 Tanzania National Panel Survey 35 Questions (28 animals; 7 byproducts) # of animals; who s responsible Births, sales, slaughtered, deaths, thefts Inputs: Hired labor, fodder, vaccinations No breed ( improved ), little age info No water, little on manure & draught (indirect)

16 Tanzania NPS: Herd size TLU's owned Urban Rural Total Male Female Locality Rural Wealth Quintile Rural Household Head

17 Tanzania NPS: Herd composition Herd composition: Rural, poorest Rural, richest 13% Large (bulls, cattle) 29% 18% Sheep and goats Pigs 50% 63% 5% Poultry Other animals 4% 17% Rural - male headed hh's Rural - female headed hh's 43% 33% 19% 53% 20% 20% 7% 4%

18 Tanzania NPS: Marketing channels business person 51% other 7% market 16% neighbor(s) 20% Marketing channels family member(s) 3% market neighbor(s) family member(s) community group business person institution (religious, ) other

19 Tanzania NPS: Extension and inputs Received advice on livestock production Received advice on livestock disease prevention % Household hired in labour for livestock activities 45 Household purchased fodder to feed animals Bottom Household Top used organic fertilizer in crop activities % Bottom Top

20 Urban Rural Total Male Female Bottom Top Bottom Top USD/hh/year Tanzania NPS: Consumption of food product of animal origin Animal food products, avg. annual expenditures Locality Household Head Urban Wealth Quintile Rural Wealth Quintile

21 Tanzania NPS: Consumption of food product of animal origin fresh milk 14% dairy butter goat meat 4% Urban fresh milk 16% dairy 5% butter 1% goat meat 18% Rural eggs wild birds and insects poultry 17% beef 50% eggs wild birds and insects beef 25% pork 3% poultry 24% pork 5%

22 LSMS-ISA livestock-related questions Uganda 58 Tanzania 47 Nigeria 36 Malawi 38 LIVESTOCK-RELATED QUESTIONS CROP-RELATED QUESTIONS

23 LSMS-ISA livestock-related questions Uganda / 10 Tanzania / 10 Nigeria / 10 Malawi / 10 LIVESTOCK-RELATED QUESTIONS CROP-RELATED QUESTIONS

24 LSMS-ISA livestock-related questions Ownership Inputs health Inputs other Products / Income TOTAL MALAWI NIGERIA TANZANIA * UGANDA * indigenous / improved breeds

25 Specialized livestock questionnaires - Not LSMS: 90% + of questions focus on livestock - Breeding - Housing - Feeding - Animal health - Savings - Marketing - Etc.

26 LSMS Livestock approach to LSMS questionnaire design LSMS-ISA Specialized questionnaires LSMS Livestock Module Template

27 Objective: (i) Contents of LSMS livestock module Collect basic data on livestock (ii) better measure poverty / welfare and determinants; (iii) ex-ante simulation / ex-post evaluation of policies / investments template

28 Methods: Validation, experiments Milk production Herd structure Pastoralism Sampling Questionnaire content

29 Discussion: The way forward Basic data on production, consumption, gender, inputs available Potential for dynamic analyses in the future Much more can be demanded, but keeping in mind the nature of the survey Prioritize areas for expansion of scope/coverage Pursue/improve integration (data and institutional) Improve/validate quality

30 The role of livestock in poverty reduction Challenges in collecting livestock data in the context of living standard household surveys in Africa Alberto Zezza Development Research Group The World Bank Atelier de formation collective Systèmes d information et outils de pilotage du secteur élevage dans les pays du Sud. Postures et méthodes Montpellier, juillet 2011