ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL

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1 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL

2 Sofía Rodríguez Secretary General José Araiza Director General Marcela Treviño Crisis Director Rebeca Ponce Subsecretary of Committees Elena García Chief of Crisis Héctor Cruz Chief of Technology Andrea Garza Head of Pages Isabela Castro Chief of Logistics Welcome Delegates! The secretariat and I are honored to have you participate in the 11th Edition of PASMUN! Secretariat, chairs, and staff have been working non-stop to make the best experience possible for you. During the simulation you will be discussing real life and current situations to which you will be finding possible solutions. We encourage you to put to the test your abilities in teamwork, leadership, critical thinking, and communication, between others. We hope you enjoy the simulation and take the most advantage of it. Before, during, and after the simulation, keep in mind that today's actions build our future. Sincerely, Sofía Rodríguez Secretary General

3 Committee: ECOSOC (Economic and social council) Director: Ximena Carbajal Moderator: Sofia Jiménez Topic A: Promoting Sustainable and Healthy Diets while Providing Climate Change Solutions I. Committee Background The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is the United Nations central platform for reflection, debate, and innovative thinking on sustainable development. ECOSOC engages a wide variety of stakeholders, policymakers, academics, major groups and foundations, in a productive dialogue on sustainable development through a programmatic cycle of meetings. The work of the Council is guided by an issue-based approach, and there is an annual theme that accompanies each cycle, ensuring a sustained and focused discussion among multiple stakeholders. ECOSOC, one of the six main organs of the United Nations established by the UN Charter in 1946, is the principal body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue and recommendations on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as for implementation of the internationally agreed development goals. It serves as the central mechanism for the activities of the United Nations system and its specialized agencies, and supervises the subsidiary and expert bodies in the economic, social and environmental fields.

4 II. Statement of the problem Climate change is one of the most dangerous and big problems that our planet is facing. Climate change can affect the economic sphere of the people or citizens living in the place affected. It is important to recognize that most of the times the near countries of countries affected by climate change are affected too, and we have to take action to stop this type of problems. Climate change is a problem that is caused by nature, but that doesn t mean that we can t take action to prevent this. Many countries have already taken mitigation and adaptation measures to confront the impacts of climate change. This recognition continues to gather strength in light of the 2012 Conference on Sustainable Development, 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Addis Ababa Finance and Development Action Agenda and the Paris Agreement, which builds upon the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. At the same time the importance of nutrition was acknowledged in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development by dedicating Sustainable Development Goal 2 to ending hunger, achieving food security, improved nutrition and sustainable agriculture. Nutrition is an issue that goes beyond simply having enough food; among others, it is related to health, education, sanitation and hygiene, access to resources, as well as women s empowerment and social protection. Food systems are a major determinant of nutrition outcomes. Climate change, aggravates already existing problems by increasing the risk of extreme weather-related natural disasters, jeopardizing livelihoods, adversely impacts on agricultural activities, access to adequate food, clean water and sanitary conditions, which are all essential for good nutrition.

5 III. Topic information A) History of the topic This issue has been affecting since long time ago but every year this issue is more common. The United Nations established a Sustainable Development Goal that was made for eradicating hunger and to solve the climate change and to end or have climate change in a moderated way. When the United Nations developed the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) for hunger and climate change they mention a goal date to achieve the MDGs; however, this MDGS weren t fully achieved on time and the UN established the Sustainable Development Goals for 2030, but most of the countries have not taken actions to end with this issue; some countries have mentioned that they should open a new date for achieving this SDG but this countries should focus in what is happening and how to solve this issues. The UN has mentioned that if this issue is not solved, in 2050, 500,000 people will be dead. The study also confirms previous research showing that deaths due to undernutrition are most likely to occur in Southeast Asia and Africa. The effects of climate change are already visible in some of these places. Drought in Eastern and Southern Africa has left more than 1 million children undernourished this year. Food prices in those areas have skyrocketed and many farmers have struggled to produce crops. B) Current Issues South Africa: South Africa doesn t have climate adaptation strategies suited to each reality, farmers, fisherfolks and pastoralist communities face a difficult choice to migrate in search of other livelihood opportunities or to stay and face

6 hunger. South Africa doesn t have enough to eat and know a days the people in South Africa are dying. Malawi: In July this year, maize prices in Malawi were 192 percent higher than the five-year average, and are expected to continue increasing towards the end of Ethiopia: In Ethiopia now a day is suffering of low water resources, this means that people in Ethiopia suffer a lot to gain water. Women in Ethiopia walk for two to six hours a day just to get water, and people have to dig wells deeper and deeper to access water. Nicaragua: In Nicaragua most of the coffee is grown there and because of climate change it is supposed that the coffee will no longer grow. Bangladesh: Bangladesh is the nation most vulnerable to climate change. More than 70 percent of the calories consumed by rural Bangladeshis come from rice. When rice yields are reduced by flooding, the Bangladesh government imports rice and boosts the country s production the following year, resulting in rapid price increases. Scuba rice has already been adopted by more than 5 million farmers in India, Bangladesh, Philippines, Indonesia, Myanmar, Laos and Nepal and drought tolerant rice can be grown on the 23 million hectares of Asian land that is increasingly drought prone.

7 C) United Nations Actions: Climate change is now affecting every country on every continent. It is disrupting national economies and affecting lives, costing people, communities and countries dearly today and even more tomorrow. People are experiencing the significant impacts of climate change, which include changing weather patterns, rising sea level, and more extreme weather events. The greenhouse gas emissions from human activities are driving climate change and continue to rise. They are now at their highest levels in history. Without action, the world s average surface temperature is projected to rise over the 21st century and is likely to surpass 3 degrees Celsius this century with some areas of the world expected to warm even more. The poorest and most vulnerable people are being affected the most. Affordable, scalable solutions are now available to enable countries to leapfrog to cleaner, more resilient economies. The pace of change is quickening as more people are turning to renewable energy and a range of other measures that will reduce emissions and increase adaptation efforts. But climate change is a global challenge that does not respect national borders. Emissions anywhere affect people everywhere. It is an issue that requires solutions that need to be coordinated at the international level and it requires international cooperation to help developing countries move toward a lowcarbon economy. The UN has adopted the SDG s which, among others, promises to take action to protect the planet and stop climate change. The UN focuses on healthy eating, climate change and the promotion of sustainable use of resources. IV. Conclusion Climate change is the greatest environmental challenge facing the world today. Its effect will be felt in the North East, the rest of the country, and throughout the world. It is essential that we act now by reducing emissions and by adapting to change. To

8 solve this problem, we can strengthen our adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries. Reducing the amount of energy we use will not only save money, but can also help to reduce greenhouse gases and therefore help to prevent future climate change. Furthermore, we can integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning. It s important to improve the education, awareness-raising and the human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning. Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate changerelated planning and management in least developed countries and small island developing States, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities. To promote healthy diets, we can create community-based programs that use multiple approaches to provide people with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to eat a healthful diet and be physically active. These programs should work with local organizations to identify target population and should solicit full community participation in a comprehensive approach that addresses the physical, social, political, and cultural environments affecting community members. Coordinated school health programs have the potential to help young people adopt and maintain healthy eating and physical activity behaviors and possibly to prevent and control obesity and other chronic diseases. V. Essential Questions 1. What are the interlinkages between climate change and nutrition and how do they play out in your country?

9 2. Which experiences do you have in your country that help promote sustainable and healthy diets while providing climate solutions? 3. What are the specific challenges faced by people living in countries affected by conflict? 4. How can the United Nations system support Member States efforts to shift dietary patterns towards sustainable and healthy diets? 5. Has your country implemented any solutions against climate change? 6. Has your country had any campaigns promoting healthy diets? 7. Does your country use renewable sources of energy? 8. How can developing countries start using sustainable resources? VI. Resources Devex s article on How Climate Change Affects Malnutrition, recovered on November 22, 2017: FAO s policy guidance note on Strengthening sector policies for better food security and nutrition results, recovered on November 22, 2017: Time s article on How Climate Change Can Affect Your Diet, recovered on November 22, 2017: OXFAM International s on 5 Things You Need To Know About Climate Change and Hunger, recovered on November 22, 2017: FAO s article on Climate Change, Food Security and Nutrition, recovered on November 22, 2017: The Guardian s article on Climate change making food crops less nutritious, research finds, recovered on November 22, 2017: UNICEF s booklet on The impacts of climate change on nutrition and migration affecting children in Indonesia, recovered on November 22, 2017:

10 ECOSOC s website, About section, recovered on November 22, 2017: Health Youth s booklet on Promoting healthy eating and physical activity for a healthier nation, recovered on November 22, 2017: Harvard s booklet on Climate Change and Global Food Systems: Potential Impacts on Food Security and Undernutrition, recovered on November 22, 2017: global_food_systems_impacts_on_food_security_and_undernutrition.p df

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