National Drought Management Authority TAITA TAVETA COUNTY

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1 National Drought Management Authority TAITA TAVETA COUNTY DROUGHT MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING BULLETIN - AUGUST 2014 Livelihood Map Livelihood Zone Warning Stages Warning Stage Trend Mixed Farming: Food Crops/Livestock Mixed Farming: Food Crops/Horticulture/Dairy Mixed Farming: Irrigated Cropping/Livestock/Food Crops Casual Waged Labour: Sisal Farms Alert Normal Normal Normal deteriorating Stable Stable Stable National Park Alert Deteriorating Trade/Business Normal Stable County Alert Deteriorating SEASONAL CALENDAR Short rains Planting/Weeding harvests Long rains Short dry spell Long rains harvests A long dry spell Short rains Planting/weeding Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec TAITA TAVETA COUNTY, AUGUST 2014 EWS BULLETIN 1

2 Situation Overview Negligible amounts of rain of about 0.2 mm were reported in the month under review. These light showers were realized in the highlands. The county experienced low temperatures through out the month with very chilly sessions in the hill masses. Compared to the Long Term Mean the trend is normal but rainfall amount is lower. Harvests in the county did not have any positive impact on prices of food. Apparently most households in the rain fed lowlands are experiencing food stress. These areas are Kishushe, Paranga, Mwaroko, Sangenyi, Mlilo, Mbaramghondi, Maramunyi and Mbulia in Taita Sub County, Bachuma, Miasenyi, Ndara, Marungu, Rukanga, Bungule and Ghazi in Voi Sub County and Mwatate, Landi, Modambogho, Mwakitau, Mwachabo, Msorongo, Rong e Nyika, Sechu and Mengo in Mwatate Sub County. Others are Kimorigho, Python Hill, Mokine, Mtakuja, Salaita, Mata, Jipe, Lessesia, Mahandakini, Uthiani, Ulawani and Kijijini in Taveta Sub County. Most water sources are drying up at a very high rate and are expected to last for one month if low temperatures prevail. Most areas in the rain fed lowlands are experiencing water stress, for instance in Kamtonga and Chunga Unga water vendors are selling a 20 litre jerrican of water at Kshs Average return distances to water sources have increased to 2.07 km from 1.5 km. Generally condition of natural vegetation and pasture in the county is good to fair. In the mixed farming: food crop/ livestock livelihood zone quality and quantity of pasture have deteriorated and are expected to last for one month. Body condition of cattle, goats and sheep is good in most livelihood zones. However, cattle body condition in the mixed farming: food crop/ livestock livelihood zone is deteriorating due to long trekking distances in search of water and pasture. High Impact Nutritional Interventions (HINI) in the county continues to improve nutrition status of children less than five years plus pregnant and lactating women in the county. Milk availability especially in the mixed farming: horticulture/ dairy livelihood zone impact positively on food security. General Food Distribution and Cash for Asset assist the vulnerable in the county. Human wildlife conflict was reported in areas of Mwakitau, Mlilo, Ngambenyi, Kasigau and Bungule. Destruction of crops, fruit trees and water structures by marauding elephants, will exacerbate the already precarious food insecurity situation in the county. Uncontrolled livestock movement from North Eastern region into Taita Taveta County ranches continue being reported. Income sources in the month under review were remittances, sale of charcoal, casual labor, petty trading, sale of charcoal, formal employment and sale of livestock products. Others were bodaboda taxis, casual labour at the sisal estates and irrigation schemes, fishing, small scale mining, sell of sand, bricks, charcoal, firewood, sugarcane, ballast and miraa. Construction of standard gauge railway and Taveta Mwatate road have created employment opportunities to members of the community impacting positively on food security. TAITA TAVETA COUNTY, AUGUST 2014 EWS BULLETIN 2

3 Food is readily available at the market level though at very high prices hence therefore hindering access. For instance maize ranges between Kshs per kg, beans Kshs per kg and Cowpeas Kshs per kg. Recommendations to County Steering Group and Kenya Food Security Meeting Water department to enhance water trucking to areas seriously affected by water shortage. Agriculture department to sensitize farmers on drought tolerant crops and rain water harvesting techniques. Livestock officers to sensitize farmers on pasture conservation and development of grazing reserves. Livestock department to intensify livestock disease surveillance and vaccination. Establish livestock holding grounds to address the problem of uncontrolled livestock movement. Also advice ranchers and farmers to do early destocking while cattle body condition is good. Kenya Wildlife Services to enhance surveillance in order to reduce human wildlife conflict. TAITA TAVETA COUNTY, AUGUST 2014 EWS BULLETIN 3

4 RAINFALL(mm) 1.0 Environmental indicators (Stability) 1.1 Rainfall Negligible amounts of rain of about 0.2 mm were reported in the month under review. These light showers were realized in the highlands. The county experienced low temperatures through out the month with very chilly sessions in the hill masses. Compared to the Long Term Mean the trend is normal but rainfall amount is lower. AVERAGE RAINFALL FO R AUGUST 2014 CO MPARED TO LO NG TERM AVERAGE RAINFALL ( ) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec MO NTHS 1.2 Condition of natural vegetation and pasture Quality and Quantity In both the mixed farming: irrigated cropping/ livestock and horticulture/ dairy livelihood zones quality and quantity of pasture and browse are good. However, in the mixed farming: food crop/ livestock livelihood zone quality and quantity of pasture and browse have greatly deteriorated due low amount of precipitation realized in this zone. In this zone pasture and browse is expected to cater for livestock for the next one month. Compared with the same month in a normal year quality and quantity of natural vegetation and pasture is below normal Vegetation Condition Index graph and table The figure below indicates Vegetation Conditions Index (VCI) of which is below normal and on a downward trend. The vegetation condition is normal mainly in the highlands. However, in the lowlands vegetation is degrading at high rate with VCI already in the moderate drought category. TAITA TAVETA COUNTY, AUGUST 2014 EWS BULLETIN 4

5 Months Biophysical Remarks VCI Color VCI values Drought Category (3-monthly average) 50 Wet 35 to 50 No Drought 21 to 34 Moderate Drought 10 to 20 Severe Drought <10 Extreme Drought Normal vegetation greenness for the period Distance to Grazing Areas The average return distance to livestock grazing areas increased to 3.10 km from 2.61 km. This is due to degeneration of pasture and browse. Average Return Distances to Grazing Areas AVERAGE GRAZING DISTANCES FOR AUGUST 2014 Oct Jul Apr Jan Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Long-term average Current Grazing distance Return Distances to Grazing Areas in Kilometers 1.3 Water sources and availability Main Water Sources Most water sources have dwindled due to low amounts of rain realized during the season. For instance the lower zone of Voi river areas of Gimba has dried up and household members are being forced to dig deep to get water. TAITA TAVETA COUNTY, AUGUST 2014 EWS BULLETIN 5

6 Months % of Household Users Most water pans contain water expected to cater for livestock until end of September. The diagram below show water sources for both human and livestock use i.e. roof and rock catchment, piped water schemes, dams/pans, shallow wells, boreholes, rivers and springs. Compared to the previous month, most households used natural rivers, tap water and springs as their main sources of water Water Sources and Percentage of household Users for August Springs Natural Rivers Other water s o urces Bo reho les Lakes Shallo w Wells % Lo ng Term average % Current Water Sources Natural P o nds P ans and Dams Household Access to Water In the month under review, out of 450 sampled households analyzed, household distance to fetch water increased to 2.07 km from 1.50 km. Compared to the previous month, time taken to fetch water by household members has increased to 1.00 hr. This could be attributed to dwindling of water sources especially in rain fed lowlands. There are no major drastic changes/constraints in accessing water for livestock or households. Average Return Distances for Household to Access water AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD ACCESS TO WATER DISTANCES FOR AUGUST 2014 Nov Sept Jul May Mar Jan Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Long-term average Current Household distance Return Distances to fetch water in Kilometers TAITA TAVETA COUNTY, AUGUST 2014 EWS BULLETIN 6

7 1.4 Emerging issues Insecurity/conflict/human displacement Marauding herds of elephants continue encroaching settlement areas causing conflict with community members. Areas greatly affected are Mwakitau, Mlilo, Ngambenyi, Kasigau and Bungule. Food prices remain high at the markets despite small harvests. For instance maize ranges between Kshs per kg, beans Kshs per kg and Cowpeas Kshs per kg. Uncontrolled movement of livestock from North Eastern region could result to conflict between communities and emergence of livestock diseases Migration A few cases of livestock influx from North Eastern region were reported in Voi and Mwatate Sub Counties ranches Implication on food security Mixed farming: food crop/ livestock livelihood zone remain food insecure due to poor harvest of maize and below normal harvest of pulses. Areas flagged as hotspots in regard to food security Kishushe, Paranga, Kishamba, Sangenyi, choke and Mwaroko in Taita Sub County, Ndara, Tausa, Mraru, Buguta, Bachuma, Miasenyi, Makwasinyi, Ghazi, Marungu, Rukanga and Ndome in Voi Sub County and Mwatate, Landi, Mruru, Godoma, Mgeno, Kamtonga, Mwashuma, Mwachawaza Mwakitau, Mwachabo, Msorongo, Rong e Nyika, Sechu and Mengo in Mwatate Sub County. Others are Kimorigho, Mtakuja, Mata, Jipe, Lessesia, Mahandakini, Mata and Nakruto in Taveta Sub County. Cash for Assets program continue to enhance resilience of household members. General Food Distribution in the county has assisted the vulnerable. Wildlife menace impact negatively on food security due to destruction of food crops, killing of livestock and damaging water structures. 2.0 Rural Economy Indicators (Food availability) 2.1 Livestock production Livestock body condition In all livelihood zones body condition of livestock is good. However, in the mixed farming: food crops/ livestock livelihood zone livestock body condition is expected to deteriorate due to diminishing quality and quantity of pasture and browse. Milk production in the county has improved and expected to be good until end of September especially in the rain fed lowlands. Compared with the same month in a normal year livestock body condition is good Livestock diseases No major livestock diseases were reported in the month under review. TAITA TAVETA COUNTY, AUGUST 2014 EWS BULLETIN 7

8 PRICE Kshs Milk production In the month under review total milk production from 15 sampled sentinel sites decreased to 8,818 litres from 12,632 litres in the previous month. Mixed farming: horticulture/food crops/dairy livelihood zone registered 65% situated on the hill masses, mixed farming: food crops/livestock livelihood zone 27% and casual waged labour: sisal farms 8% found in the rain fed lowlands. Mwarungu, Mashangi, Lagho and Mwachawaza recorded milk production of 3,150 litres, 1,680 litres, 1,335 litres and 690 litres respectively. Average milk price at household level decreased to Kshs from Kshs Crop production Timeliness and condition of various crop production activities In the mixed farming: food crops/livestock livelihood zone no major activity is ongoing. In the mixed farming: food crop/horticulture/dairy livelihood zone farmers are preparing seed beds for kales. In the mixed farming: irrigated cropping/livestock/food crops livelihood zone farmers are busy planting pulses. 3.0 Access to food 3.1 Livestock marketing Cattle prices Compared to the previous month the average cattle price decreased to Kshs 16,500 from Kshs 17,000. This could be attributed to slight changes in cattle body condition. Compared to the long term mean the price is significantly higher and the trend of cattle prices is above normal for this time of the year AVERAGE CATTLE PRICES AT HO USEHO LD LEVEL FO R AUGUST 2014 CO MPARED TO LO NG TERM MEAN Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Current Yr N = 450 households MO NTHS Goats prices Compared to the previous month, average goat price at household level has dropped by Ksh 50 per goat. Prevailing high price could be attributed to good body condition of goats. Compared to the long term mean, the price is significantly higher and the trend of goat prices is above normal for this time of the year. TAITA TAVETA COUNTY, AUGUST 2014 EWS BULLETIN 8

9 PRICE Kshs PRICE Kshs AVERAGE GO AT PRICES AT HO USEHO LD LEVEL FO R AUGUST 2014 CO MPARED TO LO NG TERM MEAN Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Current Yr N = 450 households MO NTHS 3.2 Crop prices Maize prices Compared to the previous month, average price of maize per kg at household level slightly increased to Kshs 39.9 from Lowest prices were recorded in mixed farming: irrigated cropping/livestock livelihood zone, Njukini in Taveta Sub County at Kshs due to harvests and incoming maize from Tanzania country. Highest was recorded in mixed farming: food crops/livestock livelihood zone, Wongonyi at Kshs in Voi Sub County. Compared to the long term mean the price is higher and the trend is above normal for this time of the year AVERAGE MAIZE PRICES PER KG AT HO USEHO LD LEVEL FO R AUGUST 2014 CO MPARED TO LO NG TERM MEAN Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Current Yr N = 450 households MO NTHS Beans prices Compared to the previous month, average price of bean per kg at household level decreased to Kshs 89.2 from The slight decrease is due to harvest of pulses mainly in Taveta. Low prices remained in mixed farming: irrigated cropping/livestock/food crops livelihood zone challa at Kshs 50 due to harvest, while high prices in the mixed farming: food crops/livestock livelihood zone, Mwakajo, Mwachawaza, Teri and Wongonyi at Kshs 100. Compared to the long term mean the price is higher and the trend of bean prices is above normal for this time of the year. TAITA TAVETA COUNTY, AUGUST 2014 EWS BULLETIN 9

10 PRICE Kshs AVERAGE BEANS PRICES PER KG AT HO USEHO LD LEVEL FO R AUGUST 2014 CO MPARED TO LO NG TERM MEAN Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 3.3 Income Income Sources Current Yr N = 450 households MO NTHS Compared to the previous month, remittances and casual labour rose by 2% and 1% respectively while sale of crops, sale of livestock products and petty trading dropped by 1% each. Formal employment and sale of charcoal remained the same. INCOME SOURCES FOR AUGUST % 5% 5% 4% 52% Casual labour Remittances Formal Employment Petty Trading 9% Sale of Charcoal Sale of Crops 16% Sale of Livestock Products Livestock income In the month under review, out of the 450 sampled households analyzed, only 4 Kshs 16,500, 1 19 Kshs 3,400 and 54 Kshs 464 were sold realizing a total livestock income of Kshs 159,056 compared to Kshs 226,812 in the previous month Other income sources Other income sources were bodaboda taxis, casual labour at the sisal estates and irrigation schemes, fishing, small scale mining, sell of sand, bricks, charcoal, firewood, sugarcane, ballast and miraa. TAITA TAVETA COUNTY, AUGUST 2014 EWS BULLETIN 10

11 % MUAC< Implications on food security Markets remain the major source of food items. Access is expected to be interrupted due to increased prices of food. Milk availability in all livelihood zones impact positively on food security. High Impact Nutritional Interventions in the county continue to improve nutrition status of children less than five years in the county. General Food Distribution and Cash for Asset assist the vulnerable in the county. Bodaboda taxis, charcoal burning, small scale mining and casual labour at irrigation schemes remain the major source of income to most households in the lowlands. Construction of standard gauge railway and Taveta Mwatate road have created employment opportunities to members of the community impacting positively on food security. 4.0 Welfare indicators (Utilization of food) 4.1 Nutrition status Based on the Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) measurement, the nutrition status of children below five years percentage of those rated as being at risk of malnutrition remained at 2.8 Out of 1,544 children under-five sampled in 15 sentinel sites, 39 were found with MUAC less than 135 mm. AVERAGE MALNUTRITIO N STATUS O F CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS FO R AUGUST 2014 CO MPARED TO LO NG TERM MEAN Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Current Yr N = 450 households MO NTHS 5.0 On Going Interventions Food Intervention Mwatate sub county received 250 bags of rice each 50kg, 96 bags of beans each 50kg, 24 cartons of cooking oil and 11 bales of nutro pap from the Ministry of Devolution and Planning to be distributed by the Ministry of interior and Coordination of National Government in collaboration with the County Government. 44,900 beneficiaries are under the Protracted Relief and Recovery Operation implemented by World Vision, World Food Program and the Government of Kenya. Non Food Intervention Construction of Taveta - Mwatate road is ongoing. TAITA TAVETA COUNTY, AUGUST 2014 EWS BULLETIN 11

12 6.0 Recommendations Water department to enhance water trucking to areas seriously affected by water shortage. Agriculture department to sensitize farmers on drought tolerant crops and rain water harvesting techniques. Livestock officers to sensitize farmers on pasture conservation and development of grazing reserves. Livestock department to intensify livestock disease surveillance and vaccination. Establish livestock holding grounds to address the problem of uncontrolled livestock movement. Also advice ranchers and farmers to do early destocking while cattle body condition is good. Kenya Wildlife Services to enhance surveillance in order to reduce human wildlife conflict. TAITA TAVETA COUNTY, AUGUST 2014 EWS BULLETIN 12

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