19. WORLD SIMMENTAL FLECKVIEH CONGRESS. The robust Fleckvieh cow breeding for fitness and health
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1 19. WORLD SIMMENTAL FLECKVIEH CONGRESS The robust Fleckvieh cow breeding for fitness and health Dr. Christa Egger Danner, Dr. Christian Fürst und Dr. Hermann Schwarzenbacher, ZuchtData, Vienna, Austria Landshut, September 22, 2012
2 OVERVIEW Background Present situation Genetic evaluation Breeding values for direct health traits Genomic selection and fitness and health Outlook
3 OVERVIEW Background Present situation Genetic evaluation Breeding values for direct health traits Genomic selection and fitness and health Outlook
4 BACKGROUND Genetic gain up to 100 kg milk per year; genomic selection will enforce genetic gain Good fitness and health important for economic efficiency indirect costs! Undesired genetic correlations between milk yield and fitness/health. Low heritabilities for fitness and health traits difficulties in recording. Consumers are asking for healthy food from healthy animals.
5 EXPECTATIONS OF BREEDERS? RELATIVE WEIGHT OF INDIVIDUAL BREEDING GOAL RESULTS OF A SURVEY WITHIN FLECKVIEH BREEDERS IN 1998 AND 2012 (STEININGER ET AL. 2012) -8 % +10% More weight on fitness, reduced importance of dairy and beef traits.
6 EXPECTATIONS OF BREEDERS? RELATIVE WEIGHT OF INDIVIDUAL BREEDING GOAL FLECKVIEH 2012: ÖSTERREICH, DEUTSCHLAND, TSCHECHIEN (STEININGER ET AL. 2012) * 2012 Preliminary results: Coverage AUT: (finished); DEU:312*; CZ: 15* in process
7 STEPS WITHIN BREEDING Breeding goal (TMI) Performance recording Genetic evaluation Selection and mating Genetic gain Optimization in all steps is important. Reliable data from performance recording is the precondition for genetic gain in the respective traits.
8 FLECKVIEH TOTAL MERIT INDEX (TMI) w per unit Relative (%) Dairy Fat kg 0,45 4,4 37,8 Protein kg 4,50 33,4 Beef Net daily gain 1,34 7,3 16,5 Dressing % 0,85 4,6 Trading score 0,85 4,6 Fitness Longevity 2,47 13,4 43,7 Persistency 0,36 2,0 Fertility female 1,25 6,8 Calving ease 0,68 3,7 Stillbirth 1,49 8,1 Somatic Cell Count 1,78 9,7 Milkability 0,36 2,0 2,0 Presently no direct health traits are included within the Total Merit Index in Austria and Germany (DEA).
9 TMI WEIGHTS AND GENETIC GAIN Prozent % Milch Dairy Fleisch Beef Fitness Survey Gewichtung among Weight breeders within the Zuchtfortschritt project Genetic OptiGene gain (2012): about 30% genetic gain for fitness expected (presently about 10% realized)
10 GENETIC TRENDS (GENETIC GAIN PER YEAR) ØOF THE LAST 10 YEARS (ZUCHTDATA, 2012) Fleckvieh Total Merit Index 2,5 Dairy Index 2,4 Milk kg 99 Fat % 0,015 Protein % 0,002 Beef Index 0,1 Fitness Index 0,7 Longevity 0,8 Fertility female 0,3 Somatic cell count 0,2 Good fitness status of Fleckvieh: e.g AUT 2011 (longevity: 3.75 years, avg. SCC: 185 t, avg. intervall between calving: 391 days)
11 OVERVIEW Background Present situation Genetic evaluation Breeding values for direct health traits Genomic selection and fitness and health Outlook
12 JOINT GENETIC EVALUATION Holstein All traits Dairy Conformation Somatic Cell Count Persistency Milkability Beef Fertility Longevity Calving ease Stillbirth New: direct health traits Total Merit Index
13 Female fertility: EBV FERTILITY Non Return Rate 56 (NR56) (heifer; cow) + Interval from first to last insemination (heifer; cow) Presently no EBVs for direct health traits (e.g. early fertility disorders, cystic ovaries,..) considered within the index Male fertility: corrected NR56 in % (no EBV)
14 EBV CALVING EASE / STILLBIRTH. Multivariate genetic evaluation for calving ease and stillbirth (maternal and direct). Traits for heifers and cows.
15 EBV UDDER HEALTH Presently only somatic cell count (SCC) included in TMI. EBVs for mastitis provided. Udder health-index with SCC, mastitis and conformation traits is being developed.
16 MASTITIS: CORRELATIONS TO OTHER TRAITS SCC: EBV-corr 0.46 (genet. corr ) high SCC mainly in chronical and subclinical cases acute clinical cases often not discovered within performance recording often no diagnoses for subclinical cases Combination of both traits best Mas Dairy Index: EBV-corr SCC Dairy Index: EBV-corr Mas - Fitness Index: EBV corr 0.32 Higher udders, better fore udder attachment, teat placement inwards: fewer cases of mastitis.
17 EBV LONGEVITY Trait: functional or production independend longevity Auxiliary traits fitness and conformation are included for better prediction.
18 Conformation not within TMI Auxiliary traits for longevity
19 FLECKVIEH FLEISCH
20 FLECKVIEH FLEISCH (DEU) GENETIC EVALUATION Quelle: Ruten, 2011
21 OVERVIEW Background Present situation Genetic evaluation Breeding values for direct health traits Genomic selection and fitness and health Outlook
22 WHY BREEDING FOR DIRECT HEALTH TRAITS? Direct health traits (diagnoses,..) only recorded and used in the routine in the Nordic countries till recently Other countries: mainly auxiliary traits e.g. SCC Worldwide research activities on health in cattle (ICAR survey, 2012) New: France and Canada mastitis included in udder health index starting 2012/2013 Results from research: more efficient to breed for direct health traits (zb Heringstad et al. 2007) Challenge is recording of direct health data (diagnoses) veterinarians are important partners!
23 REGISTRATION OF DIAGNOSES IN AUSTRIA AND GERMANY (GMON; PROGESUND) Austria: Health monitoring cattle ; routine since 2011 Germany (Bavaria/Baden-Württemberg): start 2010
24 EBVS FOR HEALTH TRAITS UNDER Official EBVs for direct health traits in DEA (Austria and Germany) since 12/2010!
25 EBVS FOR DIRECT HEALTH TRAITS PERCENTAGES OF DAUGHTERS WITH AT LEAST ONE DIAGNOSES Best 20 bulls Worst 20 bulls Genetic differences between bulls are existing.
26 Herd management Examples of information provided to farmers and veterinarians 26
27 OVERVIEW Background Present situation Genetic evaluation Breeding values for direct health traits Genomic selection and fitness and health Outlook
28 GENOMIC SELECTION BREEDING PROGRAM Due to the possibilities of genomic selection a big increase in genetic gain is possible Strong preselection of young bulls is an important measure Reduction of the generation interval due to the intensive use of young bulls for cows and elite matings huge impact Breed planning calculations on the example of Fleckvieh AUSTRIA show a potential of a 40% increase in genetic gain per year compared to the former progeny testing program.
29 GENOMIC SELECTION AND FITNESS AND HEALTH A slight strengthening of the fitness block is observed due to genomic selection Advantage of larger progeny groups per young bull in terms of higher reliabilities for EBVs of fitness and health traits (precondition performance recording) Genomic selection enforces genetic gain. The direction has to be defined by the breeding goal. To achieve the desired genetic gain, appropriate weights in the breeding goal (TMI) are needed. (Egger Danner et al. 2012) The consideration of direct health traits within the Total Merit Index is important!
30 RESULTS FERTILITY INDEX AND SCC/UDDER HEALTH INDEX Effect on annual genetic gain of fertility index and SCC/udder health index (points EBV) CPT: Conventional progeny testing program GS50: Genomic program with 50% inseminations with young GS-bulls GS100: Genomic programm with 100% insemination with young GS-bulls TMI TMI DHT TMI DHT50 Fertility Index SCC Fertility Index Udder H I Fertility Index Udder H I CPT GS GS *DHT= Direct health traits Summary: positive trend is enforced by GS,. if trend for fitness and health is negative, GS does not change a negative trend towards a positive direction 30
31 GENOMIC BREEDING VALUES (EBVS) FOR NEW TRAITS (E.G. HEALTH) Presently no genomic EBVs for direct health traits for Fleckvieh available only up to 1,000 bulls with EBVs for direct health traits (Dairy traits: > 6,000 bulls) Challenge: Sufficient animals (bulls / cows) with reliable EBVs for direct health traits / health data in the reference population Measures: Recording of direct health traits and other new traits within the routine performance recording To speed up this process genotying of cows with reliable phenotypes for health traits could be a possibility many cows are needed!
32 IMPACT OF GENOTYPING 25,000 COWS ADDITIONALLY TO BULLS ON RELIABILITY (R 2 ) FOR DIFFERENT TRAITS (h 2 =0.35; h 2 =0.05) Dairy traits Health traits red line only bulls / green line - cows addtional to bulls (Daetwyler et al. 2010; Schwarzenbacher, 2012)
33 CHALLENGES FOR CATTLE BREEDING Genomic selection is a very strong tool to enforce genetic gain Important is the right direction (breeding goal)! Precondition to improve genetic gain for fitness and health is an appropriate weight within the TMI. Efficiency: In times of limited resources the price of means of production will increase Focus on cattle in the discussion about emissions Consideration of consumer needs (animal welfare, antimicrobials,...). Animals with high and efficient production ability, good health, robustness and uncomplicated handling are desired.
34 LIMITATIONS IN BREEDING FOR FITNESS AND HEALTH ARE NOT THE GENOTYPES, BUT THE THE AVAILABILITY OF PHENOTYPES. THE PHENOTYP IS THE KING M. Coffey (2011)
35 Thank you for your attention! 35
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