R.W. Heiniger Vernon G. James Research and Extension Center North Carolina State University
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1 R.W. Heiniger Vernon G. James Research and Extension Center North Carolina State University
2 Kelvin Brower Farm Doon Iowa trials 6 rows of 3 corn interseeded with 12 rows of 15 beans. Trials for increasing yields with Cropping Systems and using Avail +NutriSphere N. Untreated check with 1 34 starter + 32% UAN= 336 bu. /acre Added Avail in 1 34 = 348 bu. /acre Added NutriSphere N in UAN no Avail =351 bu./acre Stacked Avail in NutiSphere N in UAN = 362 bu./ acre Soybeans in this system averaged 9 bu./acre
3 The Good Capturing More Light Energy Increasing Leaf Area Higher Plant Populations Plant Spacing Early Planting and Late Maturity Enhanced Early Growth The Bad Crop Stress Root The Critical Interface Improving nutrient and water use efficiency Matching nutrient uptake to critical events The Ugly Controlling Nutrient and Water Loss
4 Effect of Row Spacing on Plant Height 12 spacing ,88 /acre 43,56 /acre
5 3 irrigated no irrigation Corn Yield (bu/acre) d ab e bc e c f a Seeding Rate, seeds/acre x 1
6 7 6 Beaufort High Density Fall Winter Spring Leaf Number Main Plant T1 T2 T3 T5 T Growing Degree Days
7 Tiller Number, tillers per square foot NC STATE UNIVERSITY Tiller Development Seeding Rate and N No Split 1 Split N 35 No Split 35 Split N 24 Sep 9 13 Nov 9 2 Jan 1 21 Feb 1 12 Apr 1 1 Jun 1 21 Jul 1
8 Grain Yield, Seed Number, Seed weight (Mg ha 1 and g 1 kernel 1 ) TRS Yield and Components B S R Yield Seed # Seed W eight Head # Period of Tiller Initiation (B = fall, S = January, R = Spring) Head Number (Heads/m 2 )
9 Root Development Increasing population requires higher concentrations of nutrients in the root zone for the development of root mass 16 Effect of Plant Population on Root Mass Root Ball Mass (oz plant -1 ) Davidson 26 Pasquotank Plant Population, Plants acre-1
10 16 Fertility Treatments across Plant Populations: Root Mass (oz/plant) K No Starter
11 gal/acre gal/acre Plus Avail
12 What s The Difference? No P at Planting 12 lbs MAP 12 lbs MAP + Avail
13 Corn Yield (bu/acre) Yield Response to N at Planting V7 V Nitrogen Applied at Planting (lbs/acre)
14 Plant Feeds Every Day Don t Give it Just ONE Meal 3% UAN NH4SO4 Soluble Fertilizers are only Available for a Short Period In Current Systems most of the N comes from the Soil
15 Nitrogen Coatings Environmental Sensitive Nitrogen Nitrogen Additives Agrotain Agrotain plus Nutrisphere (NSN) Nitrogen Sources N Fusion Ca Nitrate Ammonium Sulfate
16 N recovery (%) Nutrisphere ESN UAN UCAN Time (days)
17 Grain yield (Mg/ha) N application (kg/ha) 5 Wheat Coastal Plain ESN Nutrisphere UAN UCAN Check NUE (%) N application (kg/ha) ESN Nutrisphere UAN UCAN
18 NUE (%) NC STATE UNIVERSITY Coastal Plain ESN Nutrisphere UCAN UAN N application rate (kg/ha) Mountains NUE (%) 8 6 ESN Nutrisphere 4 UCAN NUE (%) UAN N application rate (kg/ha Piedmont ESN Nutrisphere UCAN UAN Grain yield (kg/ha) Corn Yield Upper Coastal Plain Upper Piedmont Mountains N application rate (kg/ha) N application rate (kg/ha)
19 6 3% UAN at V5 3% UAN at R1 3% UAN + Nuitrisphere at V5 3% UAN + Nutrisphere at R1 Tissue N, % 4 2 Biomass, t ha % UAN Biomass 3% UAN + Nutrisphere Biomass 3% UAN N uptake 3% UAN + Nutrisphere N uptake N Applied at Planting, kg N ha N Uptake, kg N ha 1
20 Location Year Maximum Yield Corn Yield (bu acre 1 ) 3% UAN UAN + Nutrisphere Economic Optimum N rate Maximum Yield Economic Optimum NRate Pamilico Currituck Pamlico Bertie Pamlico Beaufort Pamlico 9 (sidedress) Beaufort 9 sidedress
21
22 Corn Yield, bu acre % UAN Nutrisphere Avail Nitrogen applied, lbs N acre -1 (ph = 6.1) p =.394 UAN vs Nutrisphere when starter is applied p =.398 UAN vs Nutrisphere + Avail
23 Increasing yield with more leaf area will require more water and available nutrients. Therefore, additives and coatings are more valuable in intensely managed agricultural systems. The best method for enhancing nutrient and water use efficiency is to enhance root growth and uptake. Fertilizer additives or coatings must enhance early growth (root development) AND still meet the continuing need of the plant. Mixtures of additives and coatings may be more effective.
24
25 % UAN Nutrisphere Without Avail + Avail Corn Yield, bu acre No Starter Nitrogen applied, lbs N acre -1 p =.263 Avail + Nutrisphere vs no Avail or Nutrisphere when starter applied
26 25 Corn Yield, bu acre a c b * * d bc d d Nutrisphere 3% UAN * denotes significant difference between materials Total N applied, lbs N acre 1
27 Yield, bu acre Fertility Treatments across Six NC Sites K No Starter
28 What s The Difference? 3-- (2 gal/a) Avail
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