STRATEGIES FOR TIGHT BUDGETS AND MINIMAL RISK Grazing Management Strategies to Improve Efficiency and Reduce Risk
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1 Grazing Management Strategies to Improve Efficiency and Use annual grasses to complement perennials John Andrae Clemson University Overview Improve forage use efficiency Use complimentary forages Decrease N needs (most from other speakers) Grazing methods Baseline fertility Grazing methods Plan for fall and winter Stockpile bermudagrass or tall fescue Overseeding tips Even within forage class, select species that fill specific production gaps lb/a DMB Tallassee AL, 1987 Pederson and Ball, 1991 Feb-Mar Apr-May Jun-Jul Crimson Arrowleaf Red White Grow both warm and cool season perennials (if possible) Perennials are the backbone of forage systems Dependable Productive Tolerant of abuse Cool season perennials can have low forage production in summer and in late fall and winter Warm season perennials have no production from frost to May S. Forages 3 rd Ed. Ball et al., 22 Use perennial legumes as companions to perennial grasses (if possible) Perennial legumes can be extremely useful in extending the grazing season Red clover is probably best option if goal is longer grazing season Persist years White clover also can be a good addition lb/a May 2- Jun 26- Jul 2 Royal Red Patriot 7- Sep 26- Oct
2 Effect of grazing system on animal performance Item Continuous Rotational Difference* Cow weight at calving, lbs NS Cow weight at weaning, lbs NS Stocking rate cows/acre % Pregnancy rate, % NS Weaning weight, lb NS Calf production lb/ac % *NS = nonsignificant. Cattle grazed common bermudagrass and EF tall fescue near Eatonton, GA. (Hoveland, McCann and Hill, 1997). Effect of rotationally grazed wheat/ryegrass or Midland bermudagrass on stocking rate 25 lbs/bw per acre Winter annuals Bermudagrass Continuous 3 Paddock 11 Paddock Grazing Method Aiken J. Prod Agric 11: % Utilization Forage Utilization with Various Harvest Methods Hay Continuous 3-7 day rot 2 day rot 1 day rot Harvest System Use grazing management to maximize utilization AND flexibility Many people think of the increased utilization from rotational stocking as a way to increase stocking density- it also can allow stockpiling or improve utilization of grasses in late summer, early fall months Flexibility in management is rotational grazing s biggest attribute Rotational Grazing. UK ID-143
3 What is nutrient cycling? You can t cycle what isn t t there! Pay attention to baseline fertility N cycle Manure Distribution
4 Manure Distribution Nutrient content of stockpiled bermudagrass (Eatonton, GA 3-4) 4) Rotation Frequency Years to Get 1 Pile/sq. yard Continuous day 8 4 day day 2 crude protein, % weeks after frost Andrae, Hancock, and Durham, unpublished Planning for Fall: Stockpile Forage Tall fescue is the classic forage for stockpiling Weathers well after frost Sugar content actually increases in cooler weather Some evidence that toxic alkaloids also decrease in winter Fertility and rest is critical! Recipe Stockpiling bermudagrass? 74% utilization 2.23% of BW intake
5 16 STRATEGIES FOR TIGHT BUDGETS AND MINIMAL RISK Cow performance on stockpiled bermudagrass or hay Stockpile Hay Animal performance did not differ between hay and stockpiled forage. On average, 1786 lbs of hay fed per cow over the 7 d trial. 2,115 lbs/hd of forage needed for grazing Weight, lbs BCS 8 Grazing 7 days above 6 bermuda Planning for Fall: Overseeding bermudagrass extends grazing season Hoveland et al SE AL 3yr Coastal AL+CR RYE+AL+CR Summary Improve forage use efficiency Use complimentary forages Decrease N needs (most on this later) Utilize rotational grazing methods Consider baseline fertility Utilize rotational grazing methods Plan for fall and winter Stockpile bermudagrass or tall fescue Overseeding early and clean till if possible for maximum grazing days Consider Planting Method
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