SOUTHERN INDIANA 2008 FLOODS: DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND WEB MAPPING

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1 SOUTHERN INDIANA 2008 FLOODS: DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND WEB MAPPING Ejaz Hussain KyoHyouk kkim Jie Shan, Associate Professor purdue.edu Tel: School Of Civil Engineering Purdue University Feb 18, 2009 Flooding along White River in Daviess County, Background photo (courtesy of J. & R. Armes) 1

2 Acknowledgement Images provided courtesy of USGS Croplands data layer courtesy National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA Precipitation data courtesy National Weather Service Indiana GIS data courtesy Indiana map, IN.Gov 2

3 OUTLINE Flood development- rainfall data and pattern Methods Assessment Web mapping Conclusion 3

4 JUNE 2008 RAINFALL 30 th May,2008, 1-3 inches of rain caused light flooding in Wabash river 4 th -5 th June- 1-5 inches of rainfall developed into flooding in central and southern Indiana 6 th June another cycle of rain in central and eastern Illinois 7 th June, highest (official) rainfall of 9.5 inches in Center Point in Clay county June 1-7, 2008 about 7-10 inches of rain in Midwest Clay, Owen and Greene Counties This week-long rain caused flooding in the Wabash and White rivers Average June rainfall of 8 inches, about 4 inch above normal 4

5 JUNE 2008 FLOOD SEVERITY Disaster area State of emergency in 23 counties declared by the State Governor 39 counties of central Indiana declared as major disaster by the President of US About 51 counties were affected by the flood Initial Estimated loss of about 126 Million to 1 Billion $ 3 (three) persons dead 5

6 PRECIPITATION ON JUNE 1-7, 2008 Courtesy National Weather Service 6

7 PRECIPITATION ON JUNE 7, 2008 Courtesy National Weather Service 7

8 STUDY AREA-USGS GAGE STATIONS ALONG RIVERS 8

9 Feet Water Levels for Wabash River Jun 8-Jun 10-Jun 10-Jun 10-Jun 12-Jun Clinton,IN Terre Haute,IN Riverton,IN Hutsonville,IL Vincennes,IN Mount Carmel,IL Gauge Stations Levelyear07 LevelYear 08 Flood Stage An average of about 12 feet water level increase in about five days Courtesy USGS Highest water level recorded Mt Carmel, IL June 14, feet ( remained 8 days above flood stage) 9

10 Fe eet Water Levels for White River Jun 9-Jun 12-Jun 10-Jun Spencer,IN Newberry,IN Above Peterburg,IN Peterburg,IN Gauge Stations Level year 07 Level Year 08 Flood Stage Courtesy USGS 10

11 DATASET Landsat TM and ETM+ Images, June 9, 2007 and June 11, 2008 Coverage: South West Indiana Resolution-30 M, 7 Bands (Used 6 bands) Four scene of the same area for each year MODIS Images Pre flood -May 28, 29 - Two scenes Post flood- June 8 to June 19, scenes( seven cloud covered) Resolution-500 m, 7 Bands USDA cropland data layer-2007 Indiana GIS data- county boundaries, rivers, streams and floodplains INDOT roads and streets data

12 STUDY AREA LANDSAT IMAGES LANDSAT TM_JUNE 09, 2007 LANDSAT TM_JUNE 09, 2007 LANDSAT TM- JUNE 11,

13 IMAGE CLASSIFICATION Two steps Analysis Segmentation-division of image into spatially continuous and homogeneous regions Classification-Classification of image objects rather than individual pixels, fuzzy rule based technique Use of spectral, contextual and texture features for classification Classification of 2007 and 2008 Landsat data Water, Vegetation, Open Area, Wet Areas and Built Up Areas For flood extent assessment Water No water 13

14 CLASSIFICATION RESULTS VIGO CLAY OWEN VIGO CLAY OWEN SULLIVAN GREENE SULLIVAN GREENE KNOX DAVIESS KNOX DAVIESS GIBSON PIKE GIBSON PIKE Miles Miles WATER_2007 WATER_

15 FLOOD EXTENT AND AFFECTED AREAS County Area (Hectares) Flooded area (Hectares) % Flooded area Vigo VIGO CLAY OWEN Clay Owen SULLIVAN GREENE Sullivan Greene KNOX DAVIESS Knox Daviess Pike GIBSON PIKE Total Flood area = 93,000 Hectares Excluding 2007 water Miles 15

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17 DAMAGE ASSESSMENT USDA CROPLAND DATA Prepared in collaboration of NASS USDA,FSA and participating State s Governments VIGO CLAY OWEN SULLIVAN Focus on Corn, Soybean and Cotton GREENE agricultural regions in participating states. Digital categorized geo-referenced data layer of major crops acreage Resource SAT-1 (AWiFS) Indian Remote Sensing Satellite Resolution-56 m, 4 bands KNOX DAVIESS PIKE GIBSON Miles 17

18 USDA CROPS DATA-2007 VIGO CLAY OWEN VIGO CLAY OWEN SULLIVAN GREENE SULLIVAN GREENE KNOX DAVIESS KNOX DAVIESS GIBSON PIKE GIBSON PIKE Miles Miles Corn Soybean Wheat Pasture Woods USDA Crops 2007 USDA Crops With_2008 Water Layer 18

19 CROPS DAMAGE ESTIMATE Assessment of damages to corn, soybeans, wheat, pasture/hay and forested area only Assumed the areas under same crops as in year 2007 and 100% planted before flood occurrence Results based on flood affected crops areas, not a measure of the degree of physical ldamage, some of these may recover but to what percentage? Degree of physical damages /recovery of crops will depend upon, Ponding time, Erosion, Partial or total submerge, Saturation period of soils/fields, ld Formation of dense surface crust, Deposition of mud on plants 19

20 CROP DAMAGE SUMMARY-NINE COUNTIES CROP S DAMAGE (%) IN THE INDIANA JUNE 2008 FLOOD % damage Vigo Clay Owen Sullivan Greene knox Daviess Pike Gibson Counties Corn Soybean Wheat Pasture,Hay,Grass Forest,Shrubs 7 7 An average of about 15% of corn and soybeans areas affected by floods 20

21 CROP DAMAGE SUMMARY-NINE COUNTIES Crops area under flood (Hectare) Pasture, Forest, County Corn Soybean Wheat Hay Shrubs Vigo Clay Owen Sullivan Greene Knox Daviess Pike Gibson Total Area

22 CROPS DAMAGE MAP VIGO CLAY OWEN SULLIVAN GREENE Corn Soybean Wheat Pasture Woods KNOX DAVIESS GIBSON PIKE Miles 22

23 FLOOD AFFECTED ROADS INDOT 2005 roads and streets data Roads passing through floodplains are mostly affected Flood affected roads includes, State Roads (SR 42, SR 246, SR 57, SR 157, SR 59) US Highway (US 231) County Roads and City streets 23

24 FLOOD AFFECTED ROADS VIGO CLAY OWEN VIGO CLAY OWEN SULLIVAN SULLIVAN GREENE GREENE KNOX DAVIESS KNOX DAVIESS PIKE GIBSON PIKE GIBSON Miles INDOT ROADS Miles FLOOD AFFECTED ROADS 24

25 FLOOD AFFECTED ROADS Km Vigo Clay Owen Sullivan Greene Knox Daviess Gibson Pike Counties Roads INDOT (km) Roads Under Flood (km) 25

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27 FLOODPLAINS GENERAL VIGO CLAY OWEN VIGO CLAY OWEN SULLIVAN GREENE SULLIVAN GREENE KNOX DAVIESS KNOX DAVIESS GIBSON PIKE GIBSON PIKE Miles Miles FLOODPLAINS FLOOD WATER IN FLOODPLAINS Hectares FLOOD WATER OUT OF FLOODPLAINS Hectares

28 MODIS IMAGE FLOOD EXTENT VIGO CLAY OWEN SULLIVAN GREENE KNOX DAVIESS GIBSON PIKE Miles MODIS 2008 MODIS FLOOD WATER 28

29 COMPARISON-LANDSAT - MODIS FLOOD EXTENT Miles Miles LANDSAT FLOOD WATER MODIS FLOOD WATER 29

30 Web Mapping Uncountable information is being produced by governments, universities, companies and individuals. These data can be shared and published to the public very effectively with web-based technologies and web-gis. Google Earth plug-in (web version of Google Earth) was used because of its powerful visualization functionalities, easiness and cost-effectiveness. 30

31 Google Earth plug-in Released in the end of May, Most of Google Earth visualization functionalities can be embedded into one s own website. Google Earth plug-in add-on is installed on client computer. Javascript library (GE-API) is provided for customization. Currently support the following OS and browser: -Windows 2000, XP, Vista (IE 6.0+,FireFox2.0+, Flock 1.0+) -Apple Mac OS X 10.4 and higher (Safari 3.1+,Firefox 3.0+) Data is published in KML or KMZ formats. 31

32 Brief function list Display of background imagery (satellite & aerial) provided by Google Earth Display of predefined layers (terrain, borders, roads and 3D models) Placement of KML, KMZ and 3D models Creation and placement of geometry objects (placemark, line and polygon) Mouse and keyboard event management for customization and user interface 32

33 Web interface

34 Web interface 34

35 Web interface 35

36 Web interface

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38 Web interface 38

39 CONCLUSIONS Floods Highest recorded rainfall of 10 and average of 4 above normal in June Near historic flood water levels average of about 12 higher than flood stage, lasted for 6 to 8 days Damages in both Wabash and White rivers 93,000 hectares of flood affected area, 67,000 hectares of crops area An average of 15 % damage to both Corn and Soybeans 1080 km of roads length ( different segments) submerged under water, mostly the county roads Knox, Greene and Daviess are worst hit, both in flood affected area and roads damage 6,000 hectares of additional flood affected area beyond the floodplain Data and maps Timely availability on internet ( flood maps) helps to quickly visualize the disaster impact, to plan remedial measures and flood affected area residents can view and assess the amount of flooding and damages to their properties 39

40 URL s View Flood Map at dmaps A Google Earth view is available at Contact: Prof. Shan, jshan@purdue.edu Demonstration 40

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