Agricultural Sciences MEMORANDUM PAPER 2 GRADE 10

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Adam George
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1 Agricultural Sciences MEMORANDUM PAPER 2 GRADE 10 QUESTION B C A C A A A D 8 x 2 [16] Minimum cultivation / no- till

2 1.2.2 Mono culture / mono cropping Mulching Subsistence farming Cash-crop farming Leguminaceae Humification Oxidation D B C D D A A C E C B D A 8 X 1 [8] 3 x 2 [6] 5 x 2 [10] 5 X 1 [5] /45/ QUESTION (a) melted rock / cooled down gas (2) Soil is formed in the crust where agricultural production takes place (2) Igneous rocks form due to cooling down of magna. Granite very deep cooling down slowly. Dolorite/ gabbro / basalt shallow with a fine structure (5) Weathering (2) [11]

3 2.2.1 Climate Vegetation Topography Man Time Running water because of the sparse vegetation (4) Chemical weathering plant roots gives of CO 2 which bind with soil water to form carbonic acid contours / terraces -ground cover / mulching -humus in soil - improves water absorption - controlled irrigation Any 2 (2) c plant cover is sparse and therefore reduces variation between day and night temperature reasons (2) Sedimentary rocks (2) [16] A practice where -all the plants are -removed from the soil destroys structure and there fore -weakens aeration -weakens water infiltration -weakens water capacity -hampers root penetration -difficult to till Any (5) [8] /35/ QUESTION A - earthworm B - mole Biological and physical Improved aeration of soil -Improved infiltration of water 2 X 1 (2) 2 X 1 (2)

4 -Easier to till -Better root penetration Base maize stalks -organic material e.g. grass and leaves -manure -wood ash -lime -topsoil -dry leaves -water Any 3 X 1 Any (6) [7] Wire pushed into centre of compost heap warm when taken out after 24 hrs -Open slightly warm centre -Push hand in warm inside any 1 X 2 (2) Improved structure -Improved aeration -Improved inflitration -Improved water capacity -Easier tillage -Better root penetration Any (5) [13] 3.3 -Dung of cattle will fertilize the soil and -The urine will provide moisture and -Helps to form humus. -After removing the cattle, the dung must be dug into the soil immediately to provide organic matter. [4] Enough food and variety of food types to ensure balanced meals are provided for the whole family. (2) Milk / cheese / yoghurt / any dairy products -Meat / fish -Beans -Eggs Any 1 (1) fats. (1) Protein (1)

5 3.4.5 The human body needs various minerals, vitamins, proteins and carbohydrates. These will be supplied if a balanced diet is taken (a) Wheat / potato / maize or mealies (b) Sunflower / animal fats eg. Dripping from pigs or dairy (butter from milk) (c) Meat from animals cow, chicken, fish / dairy products eg. milk. 3 X 1 [11] /35/ QUESTION Rotational grazing camps rest to recover -Crop rotation - soil minerals replenished Overgrazing - no rotation of grazing in camps -Over tiling - soil structure broken down - Mono crop cultivation - soil not being replenished 2 X 2 (4) 3 X Over populated - carrying capacity of veld exceeded (2)

6 Lessen number of animals -Build camps and practice rotational grazing -Crop rotation practices e.g. rotate with legumes to replenish nitrogen Any 2 X 1 (2) Human activity where by the ecosystem is damaged (2) Excessive use of artificial fertilizers -Animal droppings grazing next to rivers -Human droppings / faeces (no toilets) -Industrial waste -Chemical contamination - pesticide residues in drinking water (5) [11] Excessive use of artificial fertilizers(nitrogen in water -Over growth of water plants decreases oxygen levels in water causes death of water organism -e.g. Fish populations - resulting in rotting and deterioration of water quality -Polluted water (chemical and organic) -Diseases e.g. -diarrhoea / cholera / typhoid / Bilharzia / pneumonia / malaria / Any 3 X Trellising / twist bean stalk around string or reed (1) cm (1) lessen competition for minerals, sunlight, water -prevents spreading of diseases e.g. fungal -tillage - easier (a) direct sunlight (b) Season: -frost free - autumn to spring -frost areas - spring summer 1 X 2 (2) 1X 2 (2) Growth period = 60 days 29 days in Sept days in Oct. = 60 Therefore first pick = 31 October (2) [14] /35/

Agriculture and Society: Part II. PA E & E Standards 4.4

Agriculture and Society: Part II PA E & E Standards 4.4 Let s get Dirty! 1. All agriculture ultimately depends on the soil. What is soil? Soil is the upper layer of the land surface that contains pieces