HNV farming in France. Xavier POUX, EFNCP-AScA

Transcription

1 HNV farming in France Xavier POUX, EFNCP-AScA

2 An overview of French agrarian geography France at the crossroad of the main biogeographic zones A great variety of geographical zones mountains, hills, plains X humid and dry A great variety of «terroirs» inherited from the XIXth century

3 An overview of French goegraphy for EU citizens (in 1 mn) Petites régions agricoles

4 When a large part of French farming systems used to be HNV Livestock system Cultivated forrage Cultivated land = AGER Legumes Export of animal products Manure Manure Cereals Tilled crops Export of crop products Natural forrage Permanent Scrubland Export from saltus Wetlands Semi-natural vegetation = SALTUS Nutrients from the soil/ground

5 Map of rural landscapes in 1950 Livestock system Cultivated forrage Natural forrage Manure Manure Permanent Scrubland Wetlands Semi-natural vegetation = SALTUS Cultivated land = AGER Legumes Cereals Tilled crops Bocage Openfields Mountains Mosaic landscapes Med. Livestock system Natural forrage Manure Manure Semi-natural vegetation = SALTUS Cultivated forrage Permanent Wetlands Livestock system Natural forrage Manure Semi-natural vegetation = SALTUS Cultivated land = AGER Legumes Cereals Cultivated forrage Tilled crops Permanent Scrubland Wetlands Cultivated land = AGER

6 Main trends affecting French agriculture Modernisation of agriculture More fertilisers More plant protection products More tractors Less farmers! Saltus decreases (-30% permanent between 1970/2006) Fertilised permanent Forage maize Cultivated More crop Specialisation of farming systems Crop system Grass-based systems Imported protein crops (soyabean)

7 ,0 7,5 7,0 6,5 6,0 5,5 5,0 4,5 4,0 3,5 3,0 Cereal yield ) 1,05 1 0,95 0,9 Production index herbivore/ha (constant /ha) 0,85 0, ,75 RENDEMENT DES CEREALES 0,7 0,65 0, PRODUCTION PAR HECTARE DES HERBIVORES

8 Price index since 1960 Price index for main productions (real terms, base 100 = 1960) source : INSEE (France) between 60/00 : wheat : -79% poultry : -74% pig : -76% beef : -46% Wheat Beef Pig Poultry

9 Development of French UAA since 1989 Evolution des surfaces agricoles françaises surface en ha STH peu productive STH productive prairies artificielles et temporaires maïs fourrager betteraves industrielles colza orge, escourgeon, maïs bl jachères STH peu productive STH productive Prairies artficielles et temporaires choux, racines et tubercules fourragers (total) autres cultures fourragères annuelles maïs fourrager autres cultures industrielles) betteraves industrielles Protéagineux autres oléagineux Colza autres céréales orge, escourgeon et Maïs grain/semence blé (total) jachères cultures légumières cultures permanentes 1950 : permanent fertilised ε 1982 : permanent fertilised 40% 1998 : permanent fertilised 66%

10 Development of UAA and permanent index (1979 = 100) base 1979= Index UAA Index permanent non LFA simple LFA Piemont Mountains High Mountains TOTAL

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12 Likely density of type 1 HNV farming systems Likely density of type 2 HNV farming systems

13 Type 2 HNV : the most drastic decrease in the last decades Mixed farming is the most affected Loss of permanent is the most visible in the mixed regions Low intensity dairy production hardly resists in such conditions What does happen when you go from 3000 kg milk/cow to 7000 kg? Permanent are then intensified

14 Livestock : = forage : - Livestock : - forage : - -

15 Pays d Auge

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17 What does happen to type 1 HNV? Still large share of permanent in France But in detail: Intensification Abandonment An insidious shift Towards type 2?

18 Mostly intensification (dairy and beef) Black & white: Abandonment vs. intensification (dairy and sheep)

19 Vercors, where permanent is 98% of UAA in 2000

20 Type 3 In practice: mainly N2000 sites for birds The example of the little bustard (tetrax tetrax): rare and endangered bird with hardly no SNV Is that still HNV? Can it support other components of biodiversity (including saltus)?

21 Conclusions HNV farming is still rapidly decreasing in France Can we recover large share of type 1 HNV? Maintain the common pasture lands Maps and monitoring should show the main threats (e.g. according to regions and productions) Needs to understand which farming systems should be supported

22 At landuse and landscape level A bit of everything in each FS? (± type 2) Crops Crops Crops Intensified permanent Extensive permanent Intensified permanent Intensified permanent Extensive permanent Extensive permanent HNV and LNV farming systems? Intensified permanent Extensive permanent Crops Intensified permanent

23 The future of HNV farming in France Very difficult as «extensification» is rejected by most parties (ex of Saône et Loire) Exception: Beaufort and, in a way Jura What is accepted is a share of agroecological infrastructures (=SNV) in a more intensive context (type 2) Governement is quite reluctant to HNV OK for «grass» and «permanent» Not for extensive Prefered approach: biodiversity in PDO