Cropping system evaluation for maize with family farmers using a multi- criteria approach

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1 Sindicato dos Trabalhadores Rurais de Unaí-MG Cropping system evaluation for maize with family farmers using a multi- criteria approach José Humberto Valadares Xavier 1 (jhumbert@cpac.embrapa.br), Mário Conill Gomes 2, Flávio Sacco dos Anjos 2, Suênia Cibeli Ramos de Almeida 1, Marcelo Nascimento de Oliveira 1, Eric Scopel 3, Marc Corbeels 3, Artur Gustavo Muller 1 1 Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), 2 Pelotas Federal University, 3 CIRAD

2 The research context in the municipality of Unaí Tropical savannah ecosystem: Cerrados families in 21 settlements from agrarian reform small farms (10 to 20 ha) and limited access to natural and financial resources. Growing dairy farming activity with livestock responsible for the integration of family farmers to the market. Maize stands out as the most important crop.

3 The production problems Limited mechanization. Fertility management. Labour peaks. Weed infestation. Low productivity (average = 2012 kg.ha -1 ). Maize deficit at farm level. From farmers point of view, new cropping systems should be designed to face these main constraints with a specific tool to evaluate ex ante their potential efficiency

4 Two main hypothesis for the evaluation study: The objective of the evaluation study must drive the criteria selection and the structure of the multicriteria evaluation tool To understand farmers vision on cropping systems requirements = participative process The tool will differ in function of the point of view of the actor doing the multicriteria evaluation Constructivist approach for multi-criteria model to consider the perceptions of farmers

5 Methodology Group discussions with farmers Typology of farms. Role of maize in farms. Typology of cropping systems. Interviews for the characterization of the farming systems. Group discussions with farmers Collective validation of the model. Multi-criteria model building Fundamental viewpoints for model evaluation. Construction of the criteria. Additive value function. V(a)=v 1 (a).w 1 +. v n (a).w n. Model validation.

6 Results: The role of maize Planted by 72 % of farmers. Public policies: supply of seeds and hours of tractor. Small areas (1,76 ha) 40% < 1,0 ha. Access to market Planted area Destination of maize production. Destination Quantity (kg) % Seeds 0 0,0 Consumption by household 698 0,4 Cattle ,5 Poultry and pigs ,2 Sale ,9 Total ,00

7 Results: The farmers criteria of evaluation Criteria Costs Yield Labour Health and environment Risk Sub-criteria Machinery hours, pesticides, labour, fertilizer, additional costs Soil correction, quality of seedbed preparation, quality of planting, fertilization, topdressing, weeds, pests Labour quantity, labour hardness for operations of planting, weeding and harvesting Amount of pesticides applied, precautions of pesticides application, erosion Dependence on machinery rented, know how linked to technology

8 Results: The farmers criteria of evaluation Criteria Costs (0,32) Yield (0,29) Labour (0,16) Health and environment (0,05) Risk (0,18) Sub-criteria Machinery hours, pesticides, labour, fertilizer, additional costs Soil correction, quality of seedbed preparation, quality of planting, fertilization, topdressing, weeds, pests Labour quantity, labour hardness for operations of planting, weeding and harvesting Amount of pesticides applied, precautions of pesticides application, erosion Dependence on machinery rented, know how linked to technology

9 Cropping systems tested: Local conventional: conventional tillage, low external inputs (few fertilizers) Conventional intensive: conventional tillage, use of herbicide and chemical fertilizers Organic production: conventional tillage, no chemical products (organic manures), more labour

10 Results: cropping systems evaluation with multicriteria model Table 2. Evaluation of maize cropping systems (farmers, conventional and organic) in accordance with multicriteria model. Criteria and weights Farmers system Valor function Weight notes Conventional intensive system Valor function Weight notes Organic system Valor function Weight notes Costs (0,32) 90,1 28,8-34,2-10,9 101,0 32,3 Yield (0,29) -24,6-7,1 94,8 27,5 21,8 6,3 Labour (0,16) 9,2 1,5 100,0 16,0-56,1-9,0 Health and environment (0,05) 88,6 4,4 8,3 0,4 88,6 4,4 Risck (0,18) 100,0 18,0 3,5 0,6 53,0 9,5 Final score - 45,6-33,6-43,5 Weight note is obtained by multiplying the value function of the criterion with the respective weight. The final score refers to the sum of weight notes.

11 Conclusions Farmers have multiple and conflicting objectives with the production of maize. The new systems as proposed did not improve what is commonly practiced by the farmers, because the new technologies did not consider the cash and labour limitations that farmers are facing. The participative process as been quite efficient not only to understand better farmers perceptions but to create an innovative process on cropping systems with them.

12 Thank you very much!!

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