Precision Agriculture in L. America
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- Betty Lester
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1 Precision Agriculture in L. America University of São Paulo José P. Molin PhD, Professor Biosystems Engineering Department
2 Populatiom 635 milion Area - 19,197,000 km 2 (13% of the world) wikipedia.org
3 Chile There is no (official) numbers available In viticulture adoption is around 60% of the export market companies In horticulture adoption is around 30% of the export market companies In traditional agriculture (grains) maybe 15% or lower The main activities: grid sampling & VRT; expanding images and sensors Stanley Best Agricultural and Bioresources Eng., MSc., PhD. Director Nacional Programa Agricultura de Precisión INIA Quilamapu Agritech Chile, announced last year and presented in this meeting
4 Chile Agritech Chile Stanley Best Agricultural and Bioresources Eng., MSc., PhD. Director Nacional Programa Agricultura de Precisión INIA Quilamapu
5 Argentina
6 (Auto pilots) (VRT controllers) (Yield monitors) (Planter monitors) (Light bars) Bragachini, M (2015)
7 (Auto pilots) (Yield monitors) (Light bars) (VRT controllers) (Planter monitors) Bragachini, M (2015)
8
9 Paraguai Paraguay agriculture is very similar to Brazil Technical influence is from Argentina and Brazil PA is highly influenced by the neighbors Importing is facilitated We have no data related to PA adoption
10 Colombia The main area with PA is in Cauca Valley Around 220,000 ha of sugarcane (13 mills), predominantelly furrow irrigated Practices: grid sampling VRT Yield mapping (three mills)
11 Mosquera, C.A. (2011)
12 Mosquera, C.A. (2011)
13
14 yield
15 Our perception For those that are in the first step of PA (countries and regions) PA is presented and offered as just technology The major players are from ag. machinery industry Information & knowledge still in a basic level
16 Brazil Equator Line Capricornio Tropic Line
17 A recent survey done by: Only on grain production! SAMPLING 992 interviews: 429 in the South (1), 415 in the Cerrado (2), 148 in the New Cerrado (3) TARGET GROUP Soy & corn producers (involved on ag machinery acquisition & decision making) TIME From Aug. 31 to Sept. 30, HOW Interview by phone 2 ESTIMATED ERROR Total 3% (1) 5% (2) 5% (3) 8% 1 KLEFFMANNGROUP 17
18 SAMPLING Municipalities: total area of soy, corn and Soma das áreas plantadas: Soja, Milho Verão. Milho Safrinha e wheat (ha) Trigo (ha) KLEFFMANNGROUP
19 CROPS: 2012 AND 2013 Data in % of the total sample Soja Soy Milho Corn af/soy Safrinha Milho Corn (1st Verão crop) Trigo Wheat Outras Others Total N= South (1) N= Cerrado (2) N= New Cerrado (3) N= KLEFFMANNGROUP
20 AG. MACHINERY COMBINATIONS Data in % of the total sample TR+PU+PL+CO* TR+PU+PL TR+PL PL TR+CO+PL Outros Others Total N= South (1) N= Cerrado (2) N= New Cerrado (3) N= *TR Tractor, PU- Spreyer, PL Planter, CO - Combine KLEFFMANNGROUP
21 All indications in %.Base: number of machines reported by respondents. Tractors N=4.425 Up to 100 h.p. N= h.p. to 150 h.p. N=1.949 More than 150 h.p. N= Sprayers N=1.538 Trailed N=618 Self-propelled N=614 Mounted N= Harvesters N= N=1.686 Planters N=2.025 Mechanics N=1.337 Pneumatics N=675 Others N= KLEFFMANNGROUP
22 All indications in %. Based on number of interviews. N = 443 Do you use some technique? N = Variable rate seed application 30 Variable rate chemicals application No Yes Variable rate fertilizer application 79 Soil fertility mapping KLEFFMANNGROUP
23 All indications in %.Base: respondents who do mapping of soil fertility. N = 443 Do you use some technique? N = No Yes Field N = 348 Grid Soil fertility mapping KLEFFMANNGROUP
24 GRID SIZE All indications in %. Base: respondents who perform soil fertility mapping by GRIDs. N = 148 Up to 1 1,1-2 2,1-3 3,1-4 4,1-5 6,1-7 7,1-9 Higher than 9,1 Total N=148 South N=49 Cerrado N=68 New MAPITOBA Cerrado N=31 KLEFFMANNGROUP
25 EQUIPMENT & TECHNOLOGY N = 374 All indications in %. Do you use some equipment? N = Autopilot Planting Monitor 36 Lightbar No Yes Fetilizer or chemical variable rate controller Base: all respondents 31 Harvest monitor 12 Seed variable rate controller 9 Precision farming software or applications KLEFFMANNGROUP
26 GNSS All indications in %. Yes No N=702 Signal N=702 Open signal Differential or correction signal N=992 RTK (with ground station) Do not know RTX Base: all respondents Base: Who use GPS KLEFFMANNGROUP
27 GNSS 1000 to 2000 ha N=178 All indications in %.Base: respondents who have some equipment of precision farming. Open signal Differential or correction signal RTK (with ground station) RTX Others Do not know 4 96 N= ,1 to 5000 ha N= N= Higher than 5000 ha N=34 9 N= KLEFFMANNGROUP
28 ADOPTION All indications in %. Based on number of interviews. N=434 Technique x Equipment N= Use technique and equipment Only equipment Only techinque Price Do not see benefits Do not use technique nor equipment 5 Lack of skilled labor Lack of machinery or equipment 10 Complexity Others KLEFFMANNGROUP
29 ADOPTION intend to invest or continue investing All indications in %.Base: all respondents. No Yes Have the equipment N = Do not have the equipment N = Total N = KLEFFMANNGROUP
30 ADOPTION intend to invest or continue investing on what? N = 580 All indications in %.Base: all respondents. 5 Precision farming software or applications 10 Autopilot 12 Lightbar 12 Harvest monitor Planting Monitor Seed variable rate controller N=992 Yes No Fetilizer or chemical variable rate controller Others Do not know KLEFFMANNGROUP 30
31 ADOPTION Benefits you see All indications in %.Base: respondents who do not have technique or equipment of precision farming. Productivity gains Production costs reduction Farming mordenization Use of inputs reduction Services more precise Do not know Lightbar Total N=29 MAPITOBA N=4 Midwest N=10 South N= Productivity gains Production costs reduction Farming modernization Use of inputs reduction Services more precise Practicity Farming Standardzation Do not know Autopilot Total N=70 MAPITOBA N=11 Midwest N=22 South N= KLEFFMANNGROUP
32 ADOPTION Benefits you see Productivity gains Production costs reduction Farming modernization Use of inputs reduction Services more precise Practicity Others All indications in %.Base: respondents who do not have technique or equipment of precision farming. Total N= Planting Monitor MAPITOBA N=7 Midwest N=19 South N= Productivity gains Production costs reduction Farming modernization Use of inputs reduction Services more precise Practicity Others Do not know Harvest monitor 3 Total N=35 MAPITOBA N= Midwest N=11 South N= KLEFFMANNGROUP
33 ADOPTION Q15. Which benefits do you intend to have with each equipment? (supported and multiple) Benefits you see Productivity gains Production costs reduction Farming modernization Use of inputs reduction Practicity Soil regularity Others All indications in %.Base: respondents who do not have technique or equipment of precision farming. Fertilizer or chemical variable rate controller Total N=64 MAPITOBA N=10 Midwest N=26 South N= Productivity gains Production costs reduction Farming modernization Use of inputs reduction Practicity Soil regularity Services more precise Do not know Seed variable rate controller Total N=36 MAPITOBA N=5 Midwest N=13 South N= KLEFFMANNGROUP
34 REASONS FOR ADOPTION All indications in %.Base: respondents who have some equipment of precision farming Productivity gains Production costs reduction Decrease labor Increase machine efficiency Do not know Others Total South Midwest New MAPITOBA Cerrado N = 374 N= 101 N= 198 N= 75 KLEFFMANNGROUP
35 MARKET EVOLUTION All indications in %.Base: respondents who own Lightbar Lightbar N=133 With an agricultural machine Yes No Purchase year Não Sabe N = 1 N = 1 N = 2 N = 4 N = 4 N = 1 N = 2 N = 10 N = 5 N = 21 N = 19 N = 27 N = 17 N = 19 KLEFFMANNGROUP
36 Q21. Was the equipment purchased with an agricultural machine? (spontaneous) Q19. What is the year of purchase for each MARKET equipment? EVOLUTION (spontaneous) All indications in %.Base: respondents who own Autopilot. Autopilot N=223 With an agricultural machine Yes No Purchase year 5% 5% 2% 2% 18% 21% 16% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 3% 3% 6% 8% Não sabe N = 3 N = 3 N = 2 N = 2 N = 10 N = 11 N = 19 N = 52 N = 59 N = 41 N = 21 KLEFFMANNGROUP
37 Q21. Was the equipment purchased with an agricultural machine? (spontaneous) Q19. What is the year of purchase for each MARKET equipment? EVOLUTION (spontaneous) All indications in %.Base: respondents who own planting Harvest monitor. Harvest monitor N=116 With an agricultural machine Yes No 2% 1% 3% Purchase year N=103 3% 23% 1% 17% 17% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 2% 8% 10% 1% 1% 3% 3% Não sabe N = 2 N = 1 N = 1 N = 2 N = 2 N = 5 N = 5 N = 12 N = 22 N = 28 N = 23 N = 13 KLEFFMANNGROUP
38 Q21. Was the equipment purchased with an agricultural machine? (spontaneous) Q19. What is the year of purchase for each MARKET equipment? EVOLUTION (spontaneous) Fertilizer or chemical variable rate controller N=127 All indications in %.Base: respondents who own variable rate controller (fertilizers /chemicals). With an agricultural machine Yes No Purchase year KLEFFMANNGROUP 1% 1% 2% 2% 1% 5% 5% 2% 1% 6% 4% 9% 9% 10% 5% 13% 13% Não sabe N = 1 N = 1 N = 4 N = 1 N = 13 N = 4 N = 13 N = 23 N = 30 N = 23 N = 15 5% 6% KLEFFMANNGROUP
39 Q21. Was the equipment purchased with an agricultural machine? (spontaneous) Q19. What is the year of purchase for each MARKET equipment? EVOLUTION (spontaneous) Seed variable rate controller N=45 With an agricultural machine All indications in %.Base: respondents who own Seed variable rate controller Yes No Purchase year 2% 4% 2% 2% 2% 7% 11% 7% 2% 4% 16% 16% 13% 11% Não sabe N = 2 N = 3 N = 4 N = 12 N = 10 N = 7 N = 7 N = 45 KLEFFMANNGROUP
40 Precision Farming Equipment Interaction All indications in %.Base: respondents who have some equipment of precision agriculture. N=374. KLEFFMANNGROUP
41 FINAL CONSIDERATIONS (FROM KLEFFMANN) Precision Farming is already used by 45% of commercial farmers; This is expected to grow to more than 55% in the next two years; This growth will be driven mainly by variable rate applications (fertilizers, chemicals and seeds); Currently the most common Precision Farming solution is fertilizer maps and fertilizer variable rate application: The main reason for farmers not to use Precision Farming solutions is the limited availability of skilled labor to deal with this technology: Open GPS signal is still the most common signal used by farmers; Close to 20% of the farmers outsources precision farming activities, mainly soil maps and variable rate fertilizer application. Productivity (kg/ha or ha/h) and cost reduction are the major drivers for farmers to invest in Precision Farming; Currently the most common equipment is auxiliary driving systems (light bars and auto steering); Self propelled sprayers is the most common equipment to use auxiliary steering solutions; There is no dominant brand in the Precision Farming market; Steering Systems and Seed Monitors are the most common equipment integration. KLEFFMANNGROUP 41
42 Precision Agriculture (in a strict sense) Spatial variability in the agricultural fields Investigation and mapping Tools for sampling and sensing, GIS Management and decision making Site-specific treatments ( Site-Specific Crop Management ) Technologies related to GNSS and automation Auto steering, telemetry, controlled traffic, sections control (sprayers, seeders) etc...
43 Local history first harvesters with yield monitor light bars on agricultural aircrafts PA Seminar at University of São Paulo (USP/ESALQ) first service providers
44 Ituverava, SP,
45
46 PA class field visit in 2001
47
48 Local history first harvesters with yield monitor light bars on agricultural aircraft PA Seminar at University of São Paulo (USP/ESALQ) first service providers undergraduate course local equipment for VRT 2001/ first consultants automatic steering systems (in sugarcane) Brazilian PA Conference PA Committee at the Ministry of Agriculture 2016 Brazilian Association of Precision Agriculture
49 - The large majority of PA use is on VRT based on grid soil sampling - A few users of second generation tools: Management zones based on soil electrical conductivity yield maps RS images PA status Crop sensors for N management and growth regulators Site specific application of agrochemicals
50
51 Goiania, GO Approximately 1.5 million people
52 We expect: above 400 attendees 20 to 30 companies on exhibits We will have: 4 general panels 3 concurrent sessions 5 technical panels and 135 papers
53 For contact please to: J. P. Molin P. Magalhães
54 Thank you! University of São Paulo José P. Molin PhD, Professor Biosystems Engineering Department
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