Planting Date vs. Rice Water Weevil Beaumont, TX 2006

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1 Beaumont, TX 2006 Introduction This experiment is a continuation of a multi-year study to investigate the relationship between rice planting date and rice water weevil (RWW) activity. Determining yield response to RWW damage relative to planting date was the main objective of these experiments. Another objective was to evaluate the efficacy of labeled RWW insecticides in changing population densities observed across different planting dates. Five planting dates were conducted at the Beaumont Center. Cultural practices basically were the same for all planting dates (see below). Agronomic and Cultural Information Planting dates: Irrigation: Herbicide: Fertilizer: Drill-seeded 90 lb/acre into League soil (ph 5.5, sand 3.2%, silt 32.4%, clay 64.4% and organic matter %) Plot size = 7 rows, 7 in. row spacing, 18 ft long with metal barriers around plots Experimental design: randomized complete block with 4 replications Flushed plots after planting (temporary flood for 48 hours, then drain) Note: Plots were flushed as needed from emergence to permanent flood Permanent flood approximately 3 wk after emergence Stam 2.0 lb, 0.75 lb, Facet 0.25 lb and 2.0 lb (AI)/acre and 1.0 pt/acre applied approximately days after emergence for early season weed control Urea was applied by hand according to 2004 Rice Production Guidelines. All dates received 170 lb N/acre plus an additional 40 lb N/acre late season. Treatments: All treatments are foliar sprays applied with a hand-held spray boom ( nozzles, 50 mesh screens, 25 gpa) See Table 1 for treatment descriptions, timing and rates. Sampling: Harvest: RWW cores (5 cores per plot, each core 4 in. diameter, 4 in. deep, containing at least one rice plant) were collected approximately 3 wk after permanent flood and days following. Core samples were stored in a cold-room, later washed through 40 mesh screen buckets and immature RWW counted. Note: Prior to analysis RWW counts transformed using square root (x + 0.5) Entire plot harvested for yield Yields converted to lb/acre adjusted to 12% moisture 13

2 Discussion In each planting date, all insecticide treatments controlled immature RWW except in the Jun 7 planting (Table 1). The before flood (BF) applications of Karate Z, Silencer and V WDG in the Jun 7 planting provided significant control of immature RWW. Best yield response to controlling RWW occurred in the earliest plantings (Mar 10 and 28). Yield response in later plantings was less pronounced. Heaviest RWW infestations occurred in the late March planting. Previous research indicates yield potential declines after an optimum planting window. In this experiment, yields declined significantly in the May 12 and Jun 7 plantings despite controlling immature RWW. Table 1. Rice water weevil (RWW) and yield data. Beaumont, TX Rate [lb No. immature RWW/5 cores Yield (lb/acre) Description (AI)/acre] Timing 1 st cores 2 nd cores Main Ratoon Total Mar 10 planting date Untreated a 112 a 7113 b b Karate Z BF a 0 b 3 d 8212 a a Karate Z DAF b 2 b 2 d 8405 a a Mustang Max BF 1 b 9 bc 7776 ab ab Mustang Max DAF 0 b 6 bcd 8252 a a Prolex BF 0 b 3 d 8034 a a Prolex DAF 1 b 4 cd 8250 a a Dimilin 2L DAF 0 b 10 b 7856 a a Mar 28 planting date Untreated a 119 a b Karate Z BF 2 bc 2 bc a Karate Z DAF 2 bc 1 c a Mustang Max BF 2 bc 4 b a Mustang Max DAF 3 b 1 c a Prolex BF 0 c 1 c a Prolex DAF 2 bc 1 c a Dimilin 2L DAF 5 b 2 bc a a BF = immediately before permanent flood b DAF = days after flood Means in a column followed by the same or no letter are not significantly different () at the 5% level (ANOVA, LSD). Table 1 continued below 14

3 Table 1. Rice water weevil (RWW) and yield data (continued). Beaumont, TX Rate No. immature RWW/5 cores Yield (lb/acre) Description [lb (AI)/acre] Timing 1 st cores 2 nd cores Main Ratoon Total Apr 14 planting date Untreated a 83 a Karate Z BF a 1 cd 5 d Karate Z DAF b 2 bc 9 cd Mustang Max BF 0 d 19 bc Mustang Max DAF 1 cd 23 b Prolex BF 0 d 9 cd Prolex DAF 5 b 8 cd Dimilin 2L DAF 5 b 3 d May 12 planting date Untreated a 34 a 7540 NA NA Karate Z BF 3 d 1 e 7716 NA NA Karate Z DAF 15 c 7 bcd 7542 NA NA Mustang Max BF 4 d 5 cd 7334 NA NA Mustang Max DAF 18 bc 11 bc 7567 NA NA Prolex BF 4 d 3 de 7599 NA NA Prolex DAF 19 bc 8 bc 7673 NA NA Dimilin 2L DAF 26 b 13 b 7810 NA NA Jun 7 planting date Untreated a 37 a 5484 NA NA Karate Z BF 16 fg 9 b 5654 NA NA Karate Z DAF 50 bc 12 b 5523 NA NA Mustang Max BF 23 ef 17 b 5450 NA NA Mustang Max DAF 40 cd 15 b 5507 NA NA Prolex BF 28 de 16 b 5822 NA NA Prolex DAF 61 ab 16 b 5264 NA NA Dimilin 2L DAF 77 a 36 a 5497 NA NA Silencer 0.03 BF 13 fg 8 b 5911 NA NA V WDG 1.5oz prod./acre BF 8 g 14 b 5909 NA NA V WDG 1.5oz prod./acre 11 DAF 43 bcd 15 b 5725 NA NA a BF = immediately before permanent flood DAF = days after flood Means in a column followed by the same or no letter are not significantly different () at the 5% level (ANOVA, LSD). 15

4 Discussion (continued) Table 2 shows comparisons between untreated plots and the average of all insecticide treatments for each planting date. Previous research suggests controlling RWW in the main crop can contribute to ratoon yield. This is most evident in the Mar 28 planting where main crop treated rice ratooned over 700 lb/acre more than untreated rice. Table 3 examines the means of all treatments (including the untreated) within each planting date. Immature RWW data are less instructive in this analysis. However, yield data confirm earliest planting dates have the greatest yield potential. Early March plantings avoided heavier RWW infestations but suffered from colder temperatures at planting and emergence. Heaviest RWW pressure tended to coincide with optimum planting date (mid March to mid April), suggesting treatment for this pest continue to be an integral part of rice management. Table 2. Comparison of treated and untreated plots for each planting date. Bmt., TX No. immature RWW/5 cores Yield (lb/acre) Planting Date Treatment a 1 st cores 2 nd cores Main Ratoon Total Mar 10 T U Mar 28 T U Apr 14 T U May 12 T NA 7606 U NA 7540 Jun 7 T b NA 5531 U NA 5484 a T = treated for RWW, U = untreated b treated plots from Jun 7 planting date do not include Silencer and V WDG treatments Table 3. Comparison of mean data for all treatments a within each planting date. Bmt., TX No. immature RWW/5 cores Yield (lb/acre) Planting Date 1 st cores 2 nd cores Main Ratoon Total March March April May NA 7597 June NA 5525 a Mean data include untreated plots and does not include Silencer and V WDG treatments from June 7 planting date See economic analysis below. 16

5 Discussion (continued) Treating for RWW (especially on the Mar 10 and 28 plantings) provided a significant yield advantage (Table 4). Also, the economic advantage in $/acre was highest in these earliest planting dates (Table 5). Economic data are calculated using the following parameters concerning insecticide costs, aerial application charges and cwt price of rice: $6.90/cwt price of rice (ca. loan rate, does not include hauling and drying costs) Karate Z applied BF: $412.25/gal (no aerial charge if tank-mixed with pre-flood herbicides) Karate Z applied 3 DAF: $412.25/gal + $7.50/acre aerial charge Mustang Max applied BF: $227.76/gal (no aerial charge if tank-mixed with pre-flood herbicides) Mustang Max applied 3 DAF: $227.76/gal + $7.50/acre aerial charge Prolex applied BF: $395.00/gal (no aerial charge if tank-mixed with pre-flood herbicides) Prolex applied 3 DAF: $395.00/gal + $7.50/acre aerial charge Dimilin 2L applied 3 DAF: $186.75/gal + $7.50/acre aerial charge Table 4. Yield advantage of RWW treatments across five planting dates. Beaumont, TX Yield advantage [Treated Untreated (lb/acre)] Mean a Treatment Timing Mar 10 Mar 28 Apr 14 May 12 Jun 7 (lb/acre) Karate Z BF Karate Z 3 DAF Mustang Max BF Mustang Max 3 DAF Prolex BF Prolex 3 DAF Dimilin 2L 3 DAF Mean b advantage (lb/acre) a Mean yield advantage for each individual treatment across five planting dates b Mean yield advantage for each individual planting date across all treatments Table 5. Economic advantage of RWW treatments across five planting dates. Bmt., TX Net return ($/acre) Mean a Treatment Timing Mar 10 Mar 28 Apr 14 May 12 Jun 7 ($/acre) Karate Z BF Karate Z 3 DAF Mustang Max BF Mustang Max 3 DAF Prolex BF Prolex 3 DAF Dimilin 2L 3 DAF Mean b advantage ($/acre) a Mean $/acre advantage for each individual treatment across five planting dates b Mean $/acre advantage for each individual planting date across all treatments 17

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