Training on Compost Making. Workshop Completion Report
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1 Training on Compost Making November, 2007 Workshop Completion Report Conducted by CABI South Asia In Collaboration with Welthungerhilfe / German Agro Action and Lasoona
2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary Acknowledgement Introduction Training Objectives Training Contents Training Organization and Conduct Training Material Covered Training Contents (A review) What is composting? Why to use compost? Making of compost? What to put in and what not to put in? The layers of compost Management of compost heap and compost use Practical Demonstration (Participatory) Annexes Annex 1 Daily Training Schedule Annex 2 List of Training Participants Annex 3 Pre and post-training evaluation test Annex 4 Manual developed for compost making..20 Annex 5 Training Completion Certificate
3 Executive Summary CABI South Asia with the financial assistance of German Agro Action organized a training workshop on compost making on 26th and 27th November, 2007, in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The training participants were progressive farmers, Agricultural Officers and trainee from a NGO, LASOONA, village activists and representatives from different CBOs. A total of 31 participants participated in this training workshop. During this workshop, training contents covered were what is compost, why to use compost, making of compost, what and what not to put in compost, layers of compost and management of compost heap were addressed. Participants were explained about the advantages of using compost, latest composting technologies, key principles in compost making and its use. Participants were able to learn composting principles and how to promote the improvement of soil physical, chemical and biological properties by the correct use of compost. A participatory practical demonstration on compost making process was also made during this training workshop. Participants were given a pre and post training evaluation test to assess the effectiveness of the training workshop. Post training evaluation test indicated that the trainees gained knowledge and experience with aspects of compost and composting that will enable them to more effectively communicate with other farmers. Each participant received a compost training manual. An interesting consensus emerged from the discussions at the end of the day: the only thing hindering compost production and its use is lack of information to farming community. A train the trainees programme teaching scientifically based principles of compost production and use can be the seed for encouraging the use of organic waste from forms as source of soil improvement for fruit, vegetable and other crop production. Acknowledgements The CABI South Asia would like to thank German Agro Action for their financial support for this workshop, also to acknowledge the collaborative support of Lasoona in the implementation of this workshop. We gratefully acknowledge Mr. Qamar Zia, Project Manager, AKDN-MERP NRM Project, CABI, for his contribution in Urdu translation of compost making training manual. Assistance from all those CABI staff involved in training is also acknowledged. 3
4 1. Introduction Introduction of Green Revolution put negative effects on the structure of agriculture. Its after-effects are also alarming. Fertilizers were considered necessary for better production. Following this, farmers started using fertilizers to gain more profits and gained bumper crops for a few years. After that yields became static and even in the following years, decreased but the use of fertilizers tended to increase. These fertilizers especially urea ruined the lands by killing the micro-organisms which are considered necessary for the natural fertility of the soils. Farmers often have difficulty disposing of leaves, grass clippings and other farm waste. So it has even become more important to find environmentally sound ways to dispose of them. These by-products of the fields can be turned into useful compost with no more effort. Compost is a basic source of organic matter which our commercial vegetable and fruit growers rarely use in their fields. Addition of organic matter to crop production soils tends to enhance their overall ability to retain both nutrient and water. Compost can be incorporated as a soil amendment for vegetables, fruit trees and nursery crops. An additional benefit of the compost can be disease suppression. Recognizing these and other relevant realities, the German Agro Action (DWHH/GAA) with collaboration of CABI SARC proposed a short training programme on Compost Making for the farming community of the project area. GAA in collaboration LASOONA identified training participants from different CBOs, village activists and progressive farmers. 2. Training Objectives The main objective of the training was to improve the perception, knowledge and skills of the participants about the best possible, environmentally safe and inexpensive ways to dispose of their farm waste. The specific objectives were as follows: To provide updated knowledge to produce a safe, high quality compost product that can be beneficially used as a soil amendment. To provide the training and educational resources to encourage adults to actively participate in the process of sustainable organic waste management by composting. 4
5 To enable the farming community to develop ways to reduce the volumes of waste being generated in their field. 3. Training Contents What is composting? Why to use compost? Making of compost? What to put in? What not to put in? The layers of compost Management of compost heap Compost use Practical demonstration (Participatory) 4. Training Organization and Conduct The CABI SARC organized the training on 26 th and 27 th November, 2007 and was held at its head office in Rawalpindi with the financial assistance of German Agro Action. Daily training schedule is at Annex 1. It consisted of in-door lectures, exercises, case studies and discussions. Participants comprising of Extension Officers and Internees from LASOONA, village activists, members from CBOs and progressive farmers. List of participants is at Annex 2. Figure 1. Session in Progress 5
6 Participants were registered and the training started with the recitation of Holy Quran. Formal introduction of the participants was made so that every body can interact and communicate well. On 26 th November, 18 participants participated and second day on 27 th November, 13 participants were registered. Urdu language was used as training medium. Figure 2. A review in local language All the participants were given day s programme. Resource person from CABI SARC explained the participants with the objectives and the overview of the training programme. Training sessions were set and detailed lectures and exercises were made on the training contents. Participants were also facilitated with local (Pashto) language so that every body could understand the concepts of compost making. Participants were encouraged for asking questions to make the concepts more clear. During and after different training sessions, participants were given time to make discussion on the subject in their local area scenario. Participants were found very interactive and eager to learn. Detailed discussion on the compost making process, its management and its use were made during the sessions. Participants were given pre and post training evaluation test to have an idea about training impact. Figure 3. Questioning session A participatory practical demonstration on composting methodology was made in the field in CABI SARC. Compost making material was collected and all the steps involved in compost making process were demonstrated. Participants actively took part in making compost heap. During demonstration activity, attendees asked different questions that showed their interest in learning and application of the composting techniques. 6
7 5. Training Material This training was divided into two parts. In the first part, the participants were given lectures using white board and charts and flip cards, exercises on charts. All participants were provided with compost making manual in undu, which was developed by CABI SARC. In the second part of the training, practical demonstration on compost making was made. sites was selected in CABI fields and all the steps involved the said process were demonstrated with a thought that participants could learn more by practically doing and seeing the things. 6. Covered training contents (A review) 6.1. What is composting? During this session, participants were told about the basic knowledge of compost, comparison of synthetic and organic fertilizers and their effect on soil fertility and environment as well as their economic value. Figure 4. materials 7
8 6.2. Why to use compost? The background of using compost was discussed in detail in this session. Participants Figure 5. Field Demonstration were explained about different composting benefits and useful effects. Trainees asked many questions which were very helpful in understanding why we use compost Making of compost? process and its requirements were explained to the participants. Participants were told about the keys of making good compost and what are the most important tips and points that one should keep in mind while making compost What to put in and what not to put in? Participants were told about the materials that can be used in composting and the materials that can not be used in composting. Participants told that farmers usually face difficulty in disposing of their farm waste. Resource person explained that how a farmer can bring the waste materials into a useful organic matter to enhance soil fertility. 8
9 6.5. The layers of compost Figure 6. Setting the composting layers All steps involved in making a compost heap were explained to the participants. Arrangement and proper way of setting composting layers in the heap were explained Management of compost heap and compost use After completion of compost heap, key points that are important in heap management were discussed during this session. What are the most important things that we have to keep mind while using compost were explained to the participants. 9
10 7. Practical demonstration (Participatory) In the last session, participants were taken to the composting site for practical demonstration. material like wheat straw, maize straw, saw dust, ash, fruit and vegetable waste, dried leaves, cut grass, farmyard manure, lime, cardboard, small clippings, and green weeds were collected. First, the participants were explained about all the steps involved in the process and later, a composting heap was produced with the participation of all participants. Figure 7. Participants busy in compost making 10
11 Figure 8. in progress 11
12 Fugure 9. Completion of composting process 12
13 7.0 Training Evaluations The participants were put to simple pre and post-training evaluation tests (Annex 3). The purpose of the pre-training evaluation was to assess the level of participants knowledge about marketing and identify weaknesses and gaps. The post-training evaluation helped to assess training effectiveness. All the trainees expressed a positive feedback about the overall outcome of the training and many of them are beginning to use compost in their operations or encourage its use by others. Figure 10. Pre and post training evaluation 13
14 Closing Ceremony Training Workshop ended with the giving of Certificates of Completion (Annex 4) to all participants by Regional Director CABI South Asia, Dr. M. Ashraf Poswal and Training Coordinator Dr. Kauser Khan Niazi with their closing remarks closing Remarks. Figure 11. Training participants recieving certificates Figure 12. Closing remarks by Regional Director, CABI South Asia 14
15 Annex 1 Daily Schedule for Training on Compost Making 9:00 9:30 Welcome and Introduction Training objectives and overview Pre-training evaluation 9:30 10:00 What is composting Why to use composting 10:00 10:20 Tea break 10:20 11:00 Compost making - Process - Requirements - Keys of making good compost 11:00 11:30 What to put in compost - in heap - Compost layers - Compost in bin What not to put in compost 11:30 12:00 Compost management Compost use Post training evaluation 12:00 13:00 Practical Demonstration on composting 13:00 13:30 Certificate distribution 15
16 Annex 2 List of training participants (November 26, 2007) No. Name Organization/Area 1 Shirzada Dandai 2 Tahseenullah Dandai 3 Mohammad Nazir Dandai 4 Asghar Khan Dandai 5 Akhtar Ali Khan AO Lasoona 6 Said bacha Sarkool 7 Javaid Ahmad UC Shang 8 Ali Bahader UC Shang 9 Muhammad faraz Dandai Perkalay 10 Fazal Manan Ganangoo 11 Muhammad Jan UC Shang 12 Habib-ur-Rehman UC Shang 13 Zai-ur-Rehman Sarkool 14 Syed Hussain Sarkool 15 Latifullah Lasoona (Shangla) 16 Muhammad Nisar Lasoona (Shangla) 17 Niaz Ali Lasoona (Shangla) 18 Badro Dandai/DTT 16
17 (November 27, 2007) 1 Muhammad Amin CBO (Kolai) 2 Taj Muhammad CBO (Aspin Abad) 3 Barkat Ali CBO (Aspin Abad) 4 Habib-ul-Haq Youth Organization (Kolai) 5 Muhammad Seiaz CBO (Sharakot Dat) 6 Younas khan CBO (Badakot) 7 Muhammad Hanif Khan CBO (Kaloot) 8 Nawab Khan CBO (Sharakot Dat) 9 Zarmoran CBO (Badakot) 10 Mufti CBO (Badakot) 11 Muhammad Ayub CBO (Aspin Abad) 12 Farhat Ali A.O (LASOONA) 13 Abdul Khaliq Internee (LASOONA) 17
18 Annex 3 Pre and post-training evaluation tests 18
19 19
20 Annex 4 Compost Making An introductory and training manual (Prepared for the training participants) 20
21 Annex 5 Training Completion Certificate 21
22 Training Coordinator: Dr. Kauser Iqbal Khan Niazi Resource Person: Shakeel Ahmad 22
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