Integrated Pest Management. Anna Warner

Transcription

1 Integrated Pest Management Anna Warner

2 Area: Horticulture Unit: Integrated Pest Management Situation Statement: Most students in the class are sophomores or juniors who have had Agriculture and Natural Resources 1. The students are interested in horticulture. They have had a brief overview of integrated pest management, but have not had in-depth instruction on this topic. Most students have unknowingly used integrated pest management in some form. Unit Objective: Upon completion of this unit, students will be able to consciously apply integrated pest management techniques to their SAEs, homes, gardens, or farms. Unit Analysis: 1. What are pests? 2. What is integrated pest management? 3. What pest-control strategies are used in integrated pest management? 4. Integrated Pest Management Test 2

3 Lesson 1 Anna Warner Integrated Pest Management Title: What is integrated pest management and why should I use it? Audience: High school students in Agricultural and Natural Resources 2 Teacher Objectives: Upon completion for this lesson, the student will be able to: 1. Define Integrated Pest Management (IPM) 2. Describe the benefits of IPM 3. Compare and Contrast IPM with non-ipm programs 4. Classify technique as IPM or other pest management techniques Materials Needed: Motivation: 1. Chalk board or white board 2. Overhead projector 3. Transparency: Principles of IPM 4. Resources: Environmental Protection Agency: Plant Science: Barden, John A. Plant Science. Chapter 12 Have students brian map everything they can think of for the word pest. Share ideas on the chalk board.. Subject Matter Procedure Motivation What is a pest? Any organism that may adversely affect human activities Use motivation to lead into the definition use discussion and illustrated lecture techniques for the remainder of class. Based on this definition have the students brainstorm a list of pests by breaking students into groups and 3

4 Lesson 1 Anna Warner having them perform a round table. (students sit quietly in circle and pass paper around the circle, each adding a new item to the list) Agricultural Pests Compete for nutrients and water, defoliates plants, transmits diseases Weeds, insects, and plant diseases 1/3 of US crop potential damaged by pests Weeds plants that are undesirable an considered out of place ex. Corn stalk in soybean field, white clover in turf grass Reason weeds considered undesirable: Compete for water, nutrients, light, and space => reduced crop yeilds Decrease crop quality Reduce aesthetic value Interfere with maintance along right-of-ways Harbor insects and disease pathogens (organisms that cause disease) Weed Categories 4

5 Lesson 1 Anna Warner Based on lifespans and periods of vegetative and reproductive growth 1. Annual Weeds Completes life cycle in one year Winter annual: germinates in fall, grows till spring, Produces seed and dies during heat and drought Ex. Chickweed, henbit, yellow rocket Summer Annual: germinates in late spring, growths through summer, produces seeds in late summer, and dies during low temps and frost Ex. Crabgrass, spotted spurge, fall panicum 2. Biennial Weeds Lives for two years Year 1: Vegetative growth, Year 2: Reproductive growth (flower and seeds) Ex. Bull thistle, burdock, wild carrot 3. Perennial Weeds Lives for more than 2 years Reproduces by seed and/or vegetative growth Ex. Dandelion, Bermuda grass, Canada thistle, nutsedge 5

6 Lesson 1 Anna Warner 4. Noxious Weeds Plant that causes great harm to other organisms by weakening those around it Most state have a list work to control and eradicate Difficult to control require extended periods of treatment followed by close monitoring Insects Successfully adapted to every environment on Earth More species than any other class of organisms Beneficial insects: ladybug, preying mantis, parasitic wasp, honeybee Insect pests cause $4 billion dollars annually Damage caused by feeding on forests, cultivated crops, and stored products; vector of plant and animal disease; painful stings and bites; nuisances Success of insects due to: anatomy, reproductive potential, developmental diversity Insect Anatomy Exoskeleton provides protection and support 6

7 Lesson 1 Anna Warner Three regions: head, thorax, abdomen Antennas = segmented appendages on head, sensory organs 3 pairs of legs attached to thorax Wings (1 or 2 pairs) in most species permits mobility and greater utilization of the environment Feeding Damage Chewing and sucking mouth parts Chewing causes: leaf defoliation, leaf mining (larvae that live within and feed on plant tissues), stem boring, root feeding Sucking causes: distorted plant growth, leaf stippling (suck contents from cell), and leaf burn Insect Development Metamorphosis the change in growth stages of an insect (egg larva pupa adult) Instars the stage of insects between molts Larva growing stage Pupa resting stage 7

8 Lesson 1 Anna Warner Plant Disease Abnormal plant growth Three factors: (Disease Triangle) 1. A susceptible plant or host must be present 2. The disease organism, or causal agent, must be present. A causal agent is an organism that produces a disease. 3. Environmental conditions conducive to the causal agent must occur Disease control programs affect one or all of these 3 factors Categories of Plant Diseases Abiotic (nonliving - environmental or manmade stress) Ex. nutrient deficiencies, salt damage, air pollution, chemical damage, temp and moisture extremes) Biotic (living organisms) Ex. fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, parasitic seed plants) Biotic Diseases Fungi (principle causes of plant diseases) lower plant life that lack chlorophyll and obtain nourishment from either 8

9 Lesson 1 Anna Warner live or decaying organic matter Spores spread by: wind, water, insects, humans Bacteria few bacteria considered plant pathogens, enters plant at wounds or openings, spread same as fungi Viruses pathogenic (disease causing) organisms that produce symptoms; Spread by: seeds, insects, nematodes, fungi, grafting, mechanical means Nematode tiny roundworm that causes damage to specific kinds of plants y feeding on stem and leaf tissue Summary/Review: Ask questions from lesson. Ask the students questions to check for understanding. 9

10 Lesson 2 Anna Warner Integrated Pest Management Title: What is Integrated Pest Management? Audience: High school students in Ag and Natural Resources 2 Teacher Objectives: Upon completion of this unit, students will be able to: 1. Describe Integrated Pest Management 2. Describe the principles of IPM 3. Compile information to consider for setting action thresholds 4. Set action thresholds Materials Needed: Motivation: 1. Chalk board or white board 2. Overhead projector 3. Transparency: Parts of an IPM Program 4. Resources: Cooper, Elmer L. and L. DeVere Burton. Agriscience: Fundamentals and Applications. 3 rd Edition. Delmar: Thomson Learning. Section 4, Unit 13. How many of you have siblings, close friends with siblings, or other close family members like cousins? I am sure that they often bother you. What are some of the things that they do to get on your nerves? (Allow for several answers.) Are there things that you can do to prevent them form bothering you? (Allow for several answers.) How do you deal with them when your preventative techniques fail? (Allow for several answers.) Do the same techniques always work? What do you do when they don t work? (Allow for several answers.) Our siblings, relatives, and friends can often be compared to pests. They can provide annoyances, may be damaging or harmful, and might even take away from your productivity. Much like pests we must come up with some ways to deal with nuisances. What are some common ways we eliminate pests from our gardens or crops? (pesticides) Now pesticides are a fast way to eliminate our problems but what are the disadvantages or side effects we get from pesticides? (death of animal, health effects, expense) We can t go around killing the people who become our pests so we find other ways to deal with them. Sometimes it is 10

11 Lesson 2 Anna Warner necessary for us to do the same with horticultural pests. We need to develop an Integrated pest management program. Subject Matter Procedure Motivation What is Integrated Pest Management? Pest control strategy that relies on multiple practices Establishes amount of damage that will be tolerated before control actions are taken Write the definition on the board and discuss it. Compare and contrast with a regular pest control methods. History Started early 1900s when natural and cultural controls were used for boll weevil : Reliance on pesticides 1972 change in policy due to book Silent Spring by Rachel Carson which created public awareness of the effects of pesticides Principles of IPM Key Pests Crop and Biology Ecosystem Ecosystem Manipulation Write on board 11

12 Lesson 2 Anna Warner Threshold Levels Monitoring Key Pests Occurs on a regular basis for given crop Identify pest Know biology to find weak link Crop and Biology Ecosystem Must know biology of crop and ecosystem of crop (bitotic and abiotic) Ecosystem Manipulation What can I do to the environment to decrease pest population Pest Population Equilibrium number of pests stabilizes or remains steady Economic Threshold point where pest damage is great enough to justify the cost of additional pest management (loss from damage > cost of program) Threshold Levels One pest does not warrant control measures Find level of infestation 12

13 Lesson 2 Anna Warner which causes yield reduction Set action thresholds Monitoring Monitor or scout pest levels When pest levels reach action thresholds, action must be taken Summary/Review Ask questions from lesson Ask students questions to check for understanding 13

14 Principles and Concepts of Integrated Pest Management 1. Key Pests 2. Crop and Biology Ecosystem 3. Ecosystem Manipulation 4. Threshold Levels 5. Monitoring 14

15 Lesson 3 Anna Warner Integrated Pest Management Title: What pest-control strategies are used in integrated pest management? Audience: High school students in Agriculture and Natural Resources 2 Teacher Objectives: Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. Identify and describe, six categories of pest control strategies 2. Materials Needed: Motivation: 1. Handout 2. Answer sheet 3. Text Book: Cooper, Elmer L. and L. DeVere Burton. Agriscience: Fundamentals and Applications. 3 rd Edition. Delmar: Thomson Learning. Section 4, Unit 13. Write two paragraphs about how you control different annoyances in your live. Include at least 5 different strategies. Subject Matter Procedure Motivation Pest control strategies: Regulatory Host Resistance Biological Cultural Physical / mechanical Chemical Have students complete the worksheet by reading the material in the book. Discuss each answer. See handout Summary/Review Ask students questions to check for 15

16 Lesson 3 Anna Warner understanding. 16

17 Integrated Pest Management Pest Control Strategies 1. What are the five categories of pest control strategies used in integrated pest management? How do federal and state governments help control pests? 3. What do regulatory agencies do? 4. What did the Quarantine Act of 1912 provide for? 5. What is quarantine? 6. What is a targeted pest? 7. What is eradication? The total removal or destruction of a pest 8. What does the eradication program rely on?

18 9. What is a pheromone? 10. What is host resistance? 11. What are the advantages of resistant varieties? 12. What is a plant cultivar? 13. What is biological control? 14. What are natural agents? Define and give an example of each. 15. How do successful biological control programs work?

19 16. What do successful biological control programs require? 17. What is cultural control? 18. What agricultural practices are used in cultural control programs? 19. Define clean culture. 20. What is a trap crop? 21. What are physical and mechanical control practices? 22. What are examples of physical and mechanical control measures?

20 23. What are the drawbacks of physical and mechanical control? 24. What is chemical control? 25. Although chemical methods are cost effective, the cause problems if OR 26. What are problems with chemical methods? 27. What is pesticide resistance? 28. What is pest resurgence? 29. What is our best defense against pests?

21 Answer Key Integrated Pest Management Pest Control Strategies 1. What are the five categories of pest control strategies used in integrated pest management? 1. Regulatory 2. Biological 3. Cultural 4. Physical and Mechanical 5. Chemical 2. How do federal and state governments help control pests? They create laws that prevent the entry of spread f known pests into uninfested areas. 3. What do regulatory agencies do? They attempt to contain or eradicate certain types of pest infestations 4. What did the Quarantine Act of 1912 provide for? The inspection of ports of entry 5. What is quarantine? The isolation of pest-infested material 6. What is a targeted pest? A pest that, if introduced, poses a major economic treat 7. What is eradication? The total removal or destruction of a pest 8. What does the eradication program rely on? Chemical spraying, sanitation, sterile male releases, and pheromone traps

22 Answer Key 9. What is a pheromone? A chemical secreted by an organism to cause a specific reaction by another organism of the same species 10. What is host resistance? The development of plants having pest resistance 11. What are the advantages of resistant varieties? Low cost No adverse effect to the environment A significant reduction in pest damage Ability to fit into any IPM program 12. What is a plant cultivar? A plant developed by humans, as distinguished from a natural variety 13. What is biological control? Control by natural agents 14. What are natural agents? Define and give an example of each. Predators an animal that feeds on smaller or weaker organisms Ex. Lady Bug eating aphids Parasites organisms that live in or on another organism Ex. Braconid wasp is parasitic on caterpillars of many moths and butterlies Pathogens organisms that will produce disease in their hosts Ex. Bacillius popilliae causes milky spore disease in Japanese Beetle grubs 15. How do successful biological control programs work? They reduce pest populations below economic thresholds and keep pests in check.

23 Answer Key 16. What do successful biological control programs require? A thorough understanding of biology and ecology of the beneficial organism and the pest 17. What is cultural control? The attempt to alter the crop environment to prevent or reduce pest damage 18. What agricultural practices are used in cultural control programs? Soil tillage Crop rotation Adjustment of harvest or planting dates Irrigation schemes Clean culture and trap crops 19. Define clean culture. Any practice that removes breeding or over-wintering sites of pests 20. What is a trap crop? A trap crop is a susceptible crop planted to attract a pest to a localized area and either destroyed or treated with a pesticide. 21. What are physical and mechanical control practices? Direct measures to destroy pests 22. What are examples of physical and mechanical control measures? Insect-proof containers Steam sterilization Hand removal Cold storage Light traps

24 Answer Key 23. What are the drawbacks of physical and mechanical control? Costly Provides varying pest control results 24. What is chemical control? The use of pesticides to reduce pest populations 25. Although chemical methods are cost effective, the cause problems if Misused OR Overused 26. What are problems with chemical methods? Environmental pollution Pesticide resistance Pest resurgence 27. What is pesticide resistance? The ability of an organism to tolerate a lethal level of a pesticide 28. What is pest resurgence? A pest s ability to reproduce after control measures have been eliminated or reduced 29. What is our best defense against pests? Integrated Pest Management

25 Integrated Pest Management Test Name Date Multiple Choice: Circle the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. (2 points each) 1. A biennial weed will live for A. 1 year B. 2 years C. 3 years D. more than 3 years 2. The major causal agent of plant disease is A. Bacteria B. Fungi C. Nematodes D. Viruses 3. The term instar refers to the development stage of A. Bacteria B. Fungi C. Insects D. Plants 4. Metamorphosis is A. a physical and mechanical pest control method B. a cultural pest control method C. the growth process of an insect D. None of the above 5. A type of regulatory control is A. Crop Rotation B. Plant Quarantine C. Sanitation D. Soil Tillage

26 6. The control practice that relies on the introduction of parasites and predators is A. Biological B. Chemical C. Cultural D. Host Resistance 7. A is a pest, that if introduced poses a major economic lose. A. Big Pest B. Economic Pest C. Key Pest D. Target Pest 8. Although chemical methods are cost effective, they cause problems if. A. Misused B. Underused C. Both A and B D. None of the above 9. Host resistance varieties provide all of the following benefits except A. Ability to fit into IPM program B. Low cost C. More nutritious food D. No adverse effect to the environment 10. Our best defense against pests is. A. Cultural B. IPM C. Pesticides D. Physical and Mechanical

27 Matching: Choose the phrase on the right that best describes or defines the term on the left in relation to our classroom activities. (2 points each) 11. Abiotic 12. Cultivar 13. Defoliate 14. Exoskeleton 15. Fungus 16. Instar 17. Integrated Pest Management 18. Nematodes 19. Perennial Weed 20. Pest 21. Pheromone 22. Summer Annual 23. Symptom 24. Quarantine 25. Virus A. A chemical secreted by an organism B. A plant that germinates in summer and lives for one year C. A visible change to a host caused by a pest D. Adversely affects human activities E. Control by natural agents F. Isolation of pest-infected material G. Lives for more than two years H. Living Organisms I. Non-living factors J. Pathogenic organisms that produce symptoms K. Plant developed by humans L. Practice which removes breeding and overwintering grounds M. Primary cause of plant disease N. Provides protection and support to insects O. Roundworm P. Strategy which relies on multiple practices R. Strip plant of its leaves Q. The insect stage between molts

28 True or False: Mark each statement T for true or F for false in relation to our classroom activities. (2 points each) 26. Soil tillage is an example of physical and mechanical control. 27. A parasite lives in or on another organism. 28. Insects have six pairs of legs. 29. Complete metamorphosis consists of the following stages in order: egg, pupa, larva and adult. 30. Predators and parasites are examples of biological control methods. 31. Pesticide resistance is the ability of a pest to tolerate a lethal level of a pesticide. 32. Pest resurgence is a problem with chemical methods of control. 33. Successful biological control programs require an understanding of the biology and ecology of the beneficial organism and the pest. 34. Pathogens are organisms that cause diseases. 35. Pest population equilibrium occurs when the number of pests cannot perform enough damage to warrant action. Short Answer: Answer the following questions completely. 36. Draw and label the disease triangle (6 points) 37. What is the economic threshold in relation to Integrated Pest Management? (2 points)

29 38. Why is monitoring important in integrated pest management? (2 points) 39. Give two reasons we discussed that integrated pest management was different from other pest management strategies. (2 points) 40. What three things distinguish a key pest in integrated pest management? (3 points) 41. Draw an insect and label the tree regions of the body and three additional body parts we discussed. Make sure the body parts are located on the correct region. (10 points) 42. List the three agricultural pests we discussed the most in class. (3 points)

30 43. Explain each of the following IPM concepts. Crop Biology and Ecosystem Ecosystem Manipulation Bonus: What is the cost of the damage made by insects each year? (2 points) California has had to eradicate which pest several times, spending hundreds of millions of dollars? (3 points) What is a noxious weed? (2 points)