Res. Environ. Life Sci. 9(7) (2016)

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1 2016 RELS ISSN: Res. Environ. Life Sci. 9(7) (2016) Seed yield, percent disease index and correlation studies as influenced by different sowing windows and mungbean varieties under foliar nutrition G. Madhu*, Ganajaxi Math, P.S. Prabhamani, Rahul Sutar, A. Sudarshan Reddy and Irappa D. Patil Department of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad , India * (Received: October 15, 2015; Revised received: March 27, 2016; Accepted: March 29, 2016) Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2012, The per cent disease index of leaf spot significantly differed, among the dates of sowing. The crop sown on first fort night of June (8.70) recorded significantly lower PDI followed by second fort night of June (12.65), first fort night of July (17.35) and second fort night of July (25.56) recorded the higher PDI. Among varieties, significantly lower PDI was observed in IPM (13.01) followed by DGGV-2 (15.46) and higher disease index was recorded in SEL-4 (19.72). Further it was observed that the PDI differed significantly between 2 per cent DAP (15.62) spray and without DAP (16.51) spray. The interaction between dates of sowing and variety the (second fort night of July and variety SEL- 4) recorded significantly PDI (35.00) followed by (23.33), (19.81), (18.33), (17.59), (14.63), (14.44) and the lower PDI was recorded in the interaction (7.51). Whereas, dates of sowing and 2 per cent DAP spray in (26.67), followed by (24.44), (17.53), (17.16), (12.96) (8.9) and (8.52). PDI is highly correlated with yield. Key words: Disease index, Mungbean varieties, Dates of Sowing, Foliar nutrition. Introduction Mungbean is the third most important pulse crop cultivated in India covering an area of 3.43 m ha, with production of 1.71 m t and an average productivity of 498 kg ha -1 (Anon., 2012). Important mungbean growing states in India are Rajasthan, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Bihar among which Rajasthan occupies larger area and production ( thousand ha and 652 thousand tones, respectively). However, Uttar Pradesh leads first in productivity with a yield of 686 kg ha -1. In Karnataka, it occupies an area of thousand ha with a total production of thousand tonnes and an average productivity of only 249 kg ha -1 (Anon., 2012). This accounts for less than half of the national productivity there by indicating the scope to improve its productivity. The productivity levels of legume crops including mungbean have remained static unlike jumps witnessed in some cereals and oilseed crops. Mungbean, member of this family and hence yield improvement has to come through selection of suitable genotypes. Thus becomes an important prerequisite for improvement in a species like mungbean. The production and productivity of mungbean is reported to be low in Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka due to non availability of suitable mungbean varieties for late kharif sown conditions (Parameshwarappa et al. 2003). The yield ability of mungbean is mainly dependent on date of sowing. Hence, new varieties viz., DGGV-2, IPM and SEL-4 were evaluated with four dates of sowing to standardize the time of sowing during kharif to late kharif situation. It is estimated that Indian population will be around 1350 million by 2020 and demand for pulses would further grow in the years to come. The production of pulse crops in India in general and especially mungbean in particular is not enough to meet the domestic demand of the ever growing population. Hence there is need to enhance the productivity of mungbean by adopting proper agronomic practices like dates of sowing and nutrient management apart from evolving new high yielding varieties (Borah. 1997). Foliar application of water soluble fertilizer di- ammonium phosphate was found beneficial along with soil application. Foliar spray of 2 per cent on 30 th and 45 th day after sowing increased seed yield (1371 kg ha -1 ) as compared to no spray (1162 kg ha -1 ) in urdbean (Chandrashekar and Bangarusamy, 2003). The objectives of investigation are: 1) To identify the best genotype for sowing in late Kharif, 2) To standardize the suitable date of sowing for obtaining higher yield and quality of mungbean genotype and 3) To study the response of varieties (DGGV-2, IPM and SEL-4) to 2 per cent foliar spray Material and Methods A field experiment was conducted at Main Agricultural Research station Dharwad, during Kharif The soil type of experimental site was medium black clay soil. The composite soil sample of experimental area was collected before sowing and analyzed for important physical and chemical properties. The experimental site was low in nitrogen ( kg ha -1 ), medium in phosphorous (21.50 kg ha -1 ) and high in potash ( kg ha -1 ). Experiment was laid out in a split- split plot design with three replications which consisting of dates of sowing in main plots, genotypes in sub plots and sub sub plots includes spray, without spray OF DAP. The Research in Environment and Life Sciences 790 July, 2016

2 plot size was 3.6 m 2.8 m (10.08 m²). Three genotypes (DGGV-2, IPM and SEL-4) were used in the study and sowing was done as per sowing date treatments (14 th June, 29 th June, 15 th July and 30 th July) designated as to, respectively. At 15 days interval, five plants plot -1 were sampled, oven dried for one week. Than pods were separated from the plants, counted and threshed for seeds. Seeds were cleaned before being weighed for grain yield plant -1. In this context experiment was conducted to find out the resistance source to mungbean leaf spot and powdery mildew. Totally three genotypes were screened against leaf spot and powdery mildew under field condition. The severity of diseases was recorded using 0-9 scale by randomly selecting 10 plants in each genotype (Mayee and Datar, 1986) Metrological data regarding rainfall, temperature and relative humidity were collected from Main Agriculture Research Station, Dharwad. For statistical analysis data were analyzed using analysis of variance and means were compared using (C.D) at the 5% probability (Gomez and Gomez, 1984). Results and Discussion Weather condition and crop performance: The crop growth to a large extent depends on interaction between genotype and environment in which it is grown. Fluctuations in environmental conditions greatly influence the crop dynamics and yielding ability. Table-1: Methods of recording observations on different parameters Net assimilation rate (g dm -2 day -1 ) Crop growth rate Yield parameters Seed yield (kg/ha) Haulm yield (kg/ha) Net assimilation rate is the rate of increase in dry weight per unit leaf area per unit time (Watson, 1952) and is expressed in g dm -2 day -1. It was calculated by using the formula as suggested by Gregory (1926). [W 2 W 1 ] [Log e L 2 - Log e L 1 ] NAR = [t 2 -t 1 ] [L 2 -L 1 ] Where: NAR= Net assimilation rate (g dm -2 day -1 ); L 1 and W 1 = Leaf area in dm² and dry weight of plant in g respectively at time t 1 ; L 2 and W 2 = Leaf area in dm² and dry weight of plant in g respectively at time t 2 ; t 2 and t 1 = The time interval in days It is defined as the rate of dry matter production per unit land area per unit time. It was worked out by using (g dm -2 day -1 ) the formula roposed by Watson (1952) and is expressed as g dm -2 day -1 W 2 - W 2 1 CGR = t 2 t 1 P Where: CGR= Crop growth rate (g dm -2 day -1 ) W 1 and W 2 = Dry matter production plant -1 (g) at time t 1 and t 2, respectively; P= Ground area covered by plant (dm -2 ) Seed yield per plot was recorded after threshing and winnowing the seeds from each net plot area. The seed yield/ ha was worked out and expressed in kg/ ha. The total biological portion from yield of above ground portion from net plot at harvest was recorded after complete sun drying and haulm yield per ha was worked out by deducting the grain yield. The annual rainfall received during 2012 was mm distributed over 47 rainy days (Table-1). The rainfall during cropping period (June-October) was mm, which was 24 percent lesser than the normal average rainfall (713.8 mm). The rainfall received in the month of first fort night of June to second fort night of July ensured adequate stored moisture for germination, emergence and early establishment of seedlings at first two dates of sowing (I FN of June and II FN of June). However, the late sown (first fort night July and second fort night of July) crop did not get adequate moisture during crop growth stage for the present year, even though the maximum rainfall was received in the month of July (112.2 mm) followed by August (90 mm). The distribution of rainfall was erratic, hence crop suffered in delayed sowing dates (I FN of July and II FN of July) due to moisture stress during early growth stage of crop. The other parameters viz., maximum and minimum temperature and relative humidity did not have any adverse effect on crop growth and yield. The mean maximum temperature during the period of experimentation ranged from 30.6 o C (June) to 28 o C (September), while the minimum temperature ranged from 19.8 o C (September) to 21.5 o C (June). The mean relative humidity varied from 58 per cent in the month of November to per cent in the month of June 2012 (Table-1). Seed yield and haulm yield: Mungbean sown on first fort night of June recorded significantly higher seed yield (1268 kg ha -1 ) when compared to crop sown on second fort night of June (1114 kg ha -1 ), first fort night July (1009 kg ha -1 ) and second fort night of July (898 kg ha -1 ). The crop sown on first fort night of June registered per cent, per cent, per cent higher yield (Table-2) over second fort night of June, first fort night of July and second fort night of July. The higher seed yield obtained in early sown crop is attributed to higher soil moisture during cropping period as a result of receipt of mm rainfall during July. This coincides with the flowering and pod formation stage of early sown crop. These results are in conformity with findings of Chaudhary et al. (1994), Singh and Singh (2000). They also observed that early sown crop (6 th July) significantly recorded higher leaf area index, dry matter production compared to late sown crop (20 th July, 5 th August and 20 th August, respectively). Per cent disease index (PDI)- Leaf spot: The data on per cent disease index of leaf spot as influenced by dates of sowing, varieties and foliar nutrition of 2 per cent DAP and their interactions are presented in Table 3. The per cent disease index of leaf spot significantly differed, among the dates of sowing. The crop sown on first fort night of June (8.70) recorded significantly lower PDI followed by second fort night of June (12.65), first fort night of July (17.35) and second fort night of July (25.56) recorded the higher PDI. Among varieties, significantly lower PDI was observed in IPM (13.01) followed by DGGV- 2 (15.46) and higher disease index was recorded in SEL-4 (19.72). Further it was observed that the PDI differed significantly between 2 per cent DAP (15.62) spray and without DAP (16.51) spray. None of the interaction effects were significant except dates of sowing and variety, dates of sowing and DAP spray. The interaction between dates of sowing and variety the (second fort night of July and variety SEL-4) recorded significantly PDI (35.00) followed by Research in Environment and Life Sciences 791 July, 2016

3 Table 2: Monthly meteorological data during crop growth period (2012) and the average of 62 years ( ) at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad Rainfall (mm) Rainy Temperature ( o C) Relative Months day Maximum Minimum humidity (%) 2011 (2012) January February March April May June July August September October November December Total Table-3: Seed yield (kg ha -1 ) and Haulm yield (kg ha -1 ) of mungbean genotypes at different growth stages as influenced by dates of sowing and foliar nutrition Treatment Seed yield ( kg ha -1 ) Haulm yield ( kg ha -1 ) Date of DAP Genotypes Genotypes sowing (D) spray : I FN of June S S : II FN of June S S : I FN of July S S : II FN of July S S of S of S Sources S.Em + CD (P = 0.05) S.Em+ CD (P =0.05) Date of sowing (D) Genotypes (V) DAP spray (S) D X D X 2.11 NS NS V X 9.15 NS NS D X V X S NS NS D = Date of sowing, = First fort night of June (14 th June), = Second fort night of June (29 th June), = First fort night of July (15 th July), = Second fort night of July (30 th July) V= Genotypes, = DGGV-2, = IPM 02-14, = SEL-4 S= DAP Spray, = 2 % DAP Spray, = without spray, NS= Non Significant (23.33), (19.81), (18.33), (17.59), (14.63), (14.44) and the lower PDI was recorded in the interaction (7.51). Whereas, dates of sowing and 2 per cent DAP spray in (26.67), followed by (24.44), (17.53), (17.16), (12.96) (8.9) and (8.52) (first fort night of June and 2 per cent DAP Spray) recorded significantly lower PDI (8.52).. Minimum rain fall, cooler nights and high day temperatures were enough for disease development. Wide variation in the maximum and minimum temperature and day and night relative humidity increases powdery mildew intensity in blackgram (Anand Singh and Anil Sirohi, 2003). Powdery mildew: The data on per cent disease index of powdery mildew as influenced by dates of sowing, varieties and foliar nutrition of 2 per cent DAP and their interactions are presented in Table 3. The PDI of powdery mildew significantly differed, among the dates of sowing. The crop sown on first fort night of June (10.00) recorded significantly lower per cent disease index of powdery mildew, followed by second fort night of June (13.95), first fort night of July (18.65) and second fort night of July (26.86) recorded the higher disease index. Among the varieties, significantly lower PDI of powdery mildew was seen with IPM (14.31) followed by DGGV- 2 (16.76) and higher PDI was recorded in SEL- 4 (21.02). The PDI of powdery mildew in treatment of 2 per cent DAP (16.92) spray and without DAP (17.81) differed significantly. While none of the interaction effects were significant except dates of sowing and variety, dates of sowing and DAP spray. The interaction between dates of sowing and variety the (second fort night of July and variety SEL-4) recorded significantly higher PDI of powdery mildew (36.30) followed by (24.63), (21.11), (19.63), (18.89), (15.93), (15.74), (13.34), (12.78), (10.93), (10.19) and the lower PDI of powdery mildew was observed in the interaction (8.89). The variation in disease severity at various dates of sowing is mainly attributed to the climatic factors like temperature, relative humidity and distribution and the amount of rain fall followed by cultural practices like sanitation and other suitable management practices. The age of the crop, the cool nights and dry weather situation were more favorable for the powdery mildew disease to become severe (Aust and Jurgren, 1986). The maximum disease was recorded in late sown condition (II fort night of July, per cent) compared to early sown condition (18.42 per cent). When the age of the crop coincides with favorable weather parameters aggravate the disease and cause severe loss. Minimum rain fall, cooler nights and high day temperatures were enough for disease development. Wide variation ( ) in the maximum and minimum Research in Environment and Life Sciences 792 July, 2016

4 Table 4: Percent Disease index (PDI) of mungbean varieties at flowering stages as influenced by dates of sowing and foliar nutrition Treatment Leaf spot Powdery mildew Date of sowing (D) DAP Varieties Varieties spray : I FN of June 8.52(16.97) 7.41(15.79) 9.63(18.08) 8.52(16.95) 9.82(18.26) 8.71(17.16) 10.93(19.31) 9.82(18.25) 9.26(17.72) 7.78(16.18) 9.63(18.08) 8.89(17.33) 10.56(18.97) 9.08(17.52) 10.93(19.31) 10.19(18.60) 8.89(17.34) 7.59(15.98) 9.63(18.08) 8.70(17.14) 10.19(18.62) 8.89(17.34) 10.93(19.31) 10.00(18.42) : II FN of June 11.48(19.64) 11.48(19.78) 14.07(21.95) 12.35(20.46) 12.78(20.81) 12.78(20.93) 15.37(23.02) 13.65(21.59) 12.59(20.78) 11.48(19.78) 14.81(22.63) 12.96(21.06) 13.89(21.88) 12.78(20.93) 16.11(23.66) 14.26(22.16) 12.04(20.21) 11.48(19.78) 14.44(22.29) 12.65(20.76) 13.34(21.35) 12.78(20.93) 15.74(23.34) 13.95(21.87) : I FN of July 17.78(24.89) 14.44(22.28) 19.26(26.01) 17.16(24.39) 19.08(25.86) 15.74(23.33) 20.56(26.94) 18.46(25.38) 17.41(24.64) 14.81(22.56) 20.37(26.83) 17.53(24.68) 18.71(25..61) 16.11(23.60) 21.67(27.75) 18.83(25.65) 17.59(24.77) 14.63(22.42) 19.81(26.42) 17.35(24.54) 18.89(25.74) 15.93(23.47) 21.11(27.35) 18.65(25.52) : II FN of July 22.22(28.14) 17.78(24.95) 33.33(35.28) 24.44(29.46) 23.52(29.03) 19.08(25.91) 34.63(36.07) 25.74(30.04) 24.44(29.65) 18.89(25.77) 36.67(37.29) 26.67(30.90) 25.74(30.51) 20.19(26.71) 37.97(38.06) 27.97(31.76) 23.33(28.89) 18.33(25.36) 35.00(36.28) 25.56(30.18) 24.63(29.77) 19.63(26.31) 36.30(37.06) 26.86(31.05) of 15.00(22.41) 19.07(25.33) 13.24(21.07) 15.62(22.81) 16.30(23.49) 20.37(26.34) 14.54(22.19) 16.92(23.89) of 12.78(20.70) 15.93(23.20) 20.37(26.21) 16.51(23.49) 14.08(21.84) 17.23(24.24) 21.67(27.19) 17.81(24.54) 15.46(22.80) 13.01(20.89) 19.72(25.77) 16.76(23.87) 14.31(22.01) 21.02(26.76) Sources S.Em+ CD (P = 0.05) S.Em+ CD (P = 0.05) Date of sowing (D) Varieties (V) DAP spray (S) D X V D X S 0.32 NS 0.31 NS V X S 0.28 NS 0.26 NS D X V X S 0.56 NS 0.53 NS D = Date of sowing: = First fort night of June (14 th June), = Second fort night of June (29 th June), = First fort night of July (15 th July), = Second fort night of July (30 th July), V= Genotypes: = DGGV-2, = IPM 02-14, = SEL-4; S= DAP Spray: = 2 % DAP Spray, = without spray, NS= Non Significant temperature and day and night relative humidity ( %) increases powdery mildew intensity in blackgram (Anand Singh and Anil Sirohi, 2003). Crop growth rate (g dm 2 days -1 ): The data on crop growth rate (CGR) of mungbean as influenced by dates of sowing, varieties and foliar nutrition and their interactions are presented in Table 4. At DAS among the dates of sowing, the first fort night of June recorded significantly higher CGR ( g dm 2 days -1 ) over rest of the sowing dates second fort night of June ( dm 2 plant -1 ) first fort night of July ( g dm 2 plant -1 ), second fort night of July ( g dm 2 plant -1 ). The crop growth rate of DGGV-2 was significantly different ( g dm 2 plant -1 ) over IPM ( g dm 2 plant -1 ) and it was on par with SEL-4 ( g dm 2 plant -1 ). Likewise significantly higher CGR was observed in 2 per cent DAP spray ( g dm 2 plant -1 ) over no spray ( g dm 2 plant -1 ). None of the interaction effects were significant except dates of sowing and variety. The interaction (first fort night of June and DGGV-2) recorded significantly higher crop growth rate (0.054 g dm 2 plant -1 ) as compared to others and it was on par with ( g dm 2 plant -1 ), (0.053 g dm 2 plant -1 ), (0.050 g dm 2 plant -1 ), (0.050 g dm 2 plant -1 ). However, the CGR was least in (0.035 g dm 2 plant -1 ). At DAS among the dates of sowing, the first fort night of June recorded significantly higher crop growth rate ( g dm 2 days - 1 ) over second fort night of July ( g dm 2 plant -1 ) and which was on par with second fort night of June ( g dm 2 plant -1 ) first fort night of July ( g dm 2 plant -1 ). Significantly higher crop Research in Environment and Life Sciences 793 July, 2016 growth rate was recorded in mungbean variety DGGV-2 ( g dm 2 plant -1 ) over IPM ( dm 2 plant -1 ) and SEL-4 ( g dm 2 plant -1 ). Similarly, significant higher crop growth rate was observed in 2 per cent DAP spray ( g dm 2 plant -1 ) over no spray ( g dm 2 plant -1 ). Net Assimilation rate (g dm 2 days -1 ): The data on net assimilation rate (NAR) of mungbean as influenced by mungbean varieties, dates of sowing and foliar nutrition and their interactions are presented in Table 5. At DAS all the treatment effects were non significant. However, significant difference in net assimilation rate was observed among varieties. The SEL-4 maintained significantly higher NAR ( g dm 2 days -1 ), while the variety DGGV-2 ( g dm 2 days -1 ) had the least NAR. At DAS net assimilation rate differed significantly among the dates of sowing. The crop sown during the first fort night of June ( g dm 2 days -1 ) recorded significantly higher NAR which is on par with second fort night of June ( g dm 2 days - 1 ), followed by first fort night of July ( g dm 2 days -1 ) and second fort night of July ( g dm 2 days -1 ). Among varieties, significantly higher NAR was observed in IPM ( g dm 2 days -1 ) and it was on par with SEL-4 ( g dm 2 days -1 ) followed by DGGV-2 ( g dm 2 days -1 ). Similarly, significant difference was observed in NAR between 2 per cent DAP spray ( g dm 2 days -1 ) and no DAP spray ( g dm 2 days -1 ). None of the interaction effects were significant except dates of sowing and variety. The interaction (first fort night of June and SEL-4)

5 Table-5: Seed yield (kg ha -1 ) and Haulm yield (kg ha -1 ) of mungbean genotypes at different growth stages as influenced by dates of sowing and foliar nutrition Treatment DAS DAS Date of DAP Varieties Varieties sowing (D) spray : I FN of June : II FN of June : I FN of July : II FN of July of of Sources S.Em + CD (P = 0.05) S.Em+ CD (P = 0.05) Date of sowing (D) Varieties (V) DAP spray (S) NS D X V D X S NS NS V X S NS NS D X V X S NS Table-6: Net Assimilation Rate (g dm 2 days -1 ) of mungbean varieties at different growth stages as influenced by dates of sowing and foliar nutrition Treatment DAS DAS Date of DAP Varieties Varieties sowing (D) spray : I FN of June : II FN of June : I FN of July : II FN of July of S of S Sources S.Em + CD (P = 0.05) S.Em+ CD (P = 0.05) Date of sowing (D) NS Varieties (V) DAP spray (S) NS D X V NS D X S NS V X S NS D X V X S NS D = Date of sowing, = First fort night of June (14 th June), = Second fort night of June (29 th June), = First fort night of July (15 th July), = Second fort night of July (30 th July), V= Genotypes, = DGGV-2, = IPM 02-14, = SEL-4, S= DAP Spray, = 2 % DAP Spray, = without spray, NS= Non Significant recorded significantly higher NAR ( g dm 2 days -1 ) as compared to other treatment combinations. However, the NAR was recorded in (g dm 2 days -1 ). At 60 DAS to harvest, there was no significant difference observed among dates of sowing. However, among varieties, significantly higher NAR was recorded in DGGV-2 ( g dm 2 days -1 ) and IPM ( g dm 2 days -1 ) over SEL-4 ( g dm 2 days -1 ). There was no significant difference observed in NAR between 2 per cent DAP spray and without DAP spray. None of the interaction effects were significant except dates of sowing and variety. The interaction between the dates of sowing and varieties, the (first fort night of June and DGGV-2) recorded significantly higher NAR ( g dm 2 days -1 ) as compared to other treatment combinations. It was on par with ( g dm 2 days -1 ), ( g dm 2 days -1 ), ( g dm 2 days -1 ), ( g dm 2 days -1 ), ( g dm 2 days -1 ) and ( g dm 2 days -1 ). However, the lower NAR was recorded in ( g dm 2 days -1 ) as compared to other treatment combinations. Correlation of yield with other growth and yield parameters, growth indices and NPK uptake: Yield is a dependent factor on growth factors. In the present investigation, plant height, dry matter, leaf area index, number of branches, LAD and NAR were positively correlated with yield at 1 per cent significance level (0.73, 0.49, 0.51, 0.63, 0.48 and 0.51, respectively). The yield parameters like number of pods (0.60), number of seeds (0.35), pod length (0.42), test weight (0.35) were also positively correlated with the yield. The disease index was negatively correlated with seed yield (leaf spot, powdery mildew, each, respectively). The NPK uptake was highly positively correlated with yield at both flowering and harvesting stages (0.88, 0.72, 0.87, 0.88, 0.72, and 0.88, respectively). This correlation data is presented in the Table-6. In the present investigation early sowing (first fort night of June) of mungbean recorded significantly higher seed yield (1268 kg ha -1 ) over late sown condition (second fort night of July). The increase was per cent higher in (first fort night of June). Spraying of 2 per cent DAP at 30 and 45 DAS recorded significantly higher seed yield (1094 kg ha -1 ) over no spray (1050 kg ha -1 ). Early sowing of (first fort night of June) of mungbean genotype DGGV-2 recorded higher seed yield (1353 kg ha -1 ) followed by Research in Environment and Life Sciences 794 July, 2016

6 Table-7: Correlation of yield with other growth and yield parameters, growth indices and NPK uptake Growth parameters Correlation Values Yield 1.00 * Plant height 0.73* Number of branches 0.62* Dry matter production 0.49* Leaf area index 0.51* Number of nodules 0.61* NAR 0.51* Yield parameters Number of pods 0.60* Number of seeds 0.35* Pod length 0.42* Test weight 0.35* Disease index Leaf spot -0.79* Powdery mildew -0.79* Uptake at flowering stage Nitrogen (N) 0.88* Phosphorous ( P) 0.72* Potassium (K) 0.87* Uptake at harvesting stage Nitrogen (N) 0.88* Phosphorous ( P) 0.72* Potassium (K) 0.88* Note *= 1 % significance level (first fort night of June) sown + IPM (1265 kg ha -1 ). Significantly lower seed yield (847 kg ha -1 ) was recorded with late sowing of mungbean (second fort night of July + SEL-4). From the present study, it may be concluded that, mungbean genotype DGGV-2 sown during first fort night of June provided with 2 per cent DAP spray, recorded the higher seed yield (1380 kg ha -1 ) over other varieties and dates of sowing. Under late sown conditions, DGGV-2 and IPM recorded significantly higher yield (1114 and 1082 kg ha -1, respectively) and lower the Percent disease index. References Anand, S. and Anil, S.: Effect of some weather parameters on the development of powdery mildew (Erisiphe polygoni) in black gram, Pl. Dis. Res., 18: (2003). Anonymous: Project co-oridinator s report (mungbean and urdbean) / ( 2012). Aust, H.J. and Jurgen, H.H.: Microclimate in relation to epidemics of powdery mildew. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol, 29: (1986). Borah, H.K.: Yield variation in summer green gram with respect to effective flower production in different dates of sowing. Madras Agric. J., 84: (1997) Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A., Statistical Procedure for Agriculture Research, 2 nd Ed., John Willey and Sons, New Yark (1984). Gregory, F. G.: The effect of climatic condition on the growth of barley. Ann. Bot., 40: 1-26 (1926) Mayee, C.D. and Datar, V.V.: Phytopathometry, technical bulletin (Special bulletin-3). Marathwada Agric. Uni., Parbhani, p. 95 (1986). Muthuvel, P., Sivasamy, R. and Subramanian, V.: Mitigating the adverse effect of drought in rainfed blackgram. Madras Agric. J., 72: (1985). Parameshwarappa, S.G., Kumar D. and Lamani: Performance of greengram cultivars on medium black soils of northern transitional zone of Karnataka under rainfed conditions. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., 16: (2003). Revathy, M., Krishnasamy, R. and Chitdewari, T.: Chealated micronutrients on the yield and nutrient uptake by groundnut. Madras Agric. J., 84: (1997). Sharma, M.L., Bharadwaj, G.S., Chavhan, Y.S., Sharma, S.D. and Sharma, M.S.: Response of sowing dates under rainfed conditions. Indian J. Agron., 34: (1989). Singh, R.C. and Faroda, A.S.:Performance of mungbean varieties under different dates in rainfed conditions. Haryana Agri. Uni. J. Res., 11: (1982). Tripathi, S.P., Rajput, L.P.S and Gupta, O.P.: Studies on invite digestability of starch and protein of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) varieties in relation to home scale processing conditions. JNKVV Res. J., 32: (1998). Watson, D.J.: The physiological basis for variation in yield. Adv. Agron., 4: (1952). Research in Environment and Life Sciences 795 July, 2016

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