University of Arizona Sahel Eco ATLAS Climate Change Adaptation, Thought Leadership and Assessments

Transcription

1 CASE STUDY: MALI GOVERNANCE AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION University of Arizona Sahel Eco ATLAS Climate Change Adaptation, Thought Leadership and Assessments 1

2 CENTRAL RESEARCH QUESTION Does/can decentralized governance confer an adaptive advantage and build local resilience to climate change? What are the mechanisms by which governance contributes to adaptation? What are the implications for donor investment and strategic programming? 2

3 PRESENTATION CONTENTS Mali context Methodology Description of livelihood systems Local perceptions of climate change and its impacts System of decentralized governance Existing forms of adaptation Current role of local governance in climate adaptation Recommendations 3

4 MALI: CONTEXT Environmental diversity Ethnic diversity Political instability and insecurity Regional leader in decentralization 4

5 QUALITATIVE METHODOLOGY: A qualitative study of 5 communes in 3 regions of Mali (Ourikéla, Kléla, Koula, Minidian, Konna) Focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and household interviews in each commune: 3 villages in each commune 193 interviews / 800 pages of text Content analysis Public consultation 5

6 STUDY SITES 1/17/2017 6

7 Women s focus group discussion in Dianweli Men s focus group discussion in Wolongotoba 1/17/2017 7

8 PUBLIC PRESENTATION AND WORKSHOP: Held in October, 2016 in Bamako 45 participants included Government of Mali (GOM) policymakers and technical staff, MCCAA staff, donors and NGO representatives 8

9 LIVELIHOODS SYSTEMS IN THREE REGIONS Crop diversification Income diversification Pervasive importance of social capital (village level) Widespread importance of land Population pressure (esp. farming) Environmental change 1/17/2017 9

10 PHOTO COURTESY: NASA LOCAL PERCEPTIONS OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY/CHANGE Changes in the rainy season (onset, length, intra-seasonal distribution) Lower precipitation Excessive temperatures Violent storms and high winds 10

11 CLIMATE CHANGE IN MALI Increasing temperatures Decreasing precipitation Source: USGS/USAID -Climate Trend Analysis of Mali 1/17/

12 PHOTO COURTESY: NASA DECENTRALIZED GOVERNANCE AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING LOCAL LEVEL GOVERNING INSTITUTIONS Maire Conseil DEVELOPMENT PLANNING: THE PDESC Education and health Agriculture/livestock/fisheries Natural resources management 12

13 DETERMINANTS OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE Adaptation Technology Organization Diversification Social Capital Governance

14 TECHNOLOGY ADAPTATION: EXAMPLES Contour-plowing in Loutanaa Live fence Zais 1/17/2017 ATLAS: CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION, THOUGHT LEADERSHIP AND ASSESSMENTS 15

15 ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AS ADAPTATION Preserved woodland Women s savings groups 1/17/2017 ATLAS: CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION, THOUGHT LEADERSHIP AND ASSESSMENTS 16

16 DIVERSIFICATION AS ADAPTATION Livestock Néré Charcoal/ Fuelwood Fishing 1/17/2017 ATLAS: CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION, THOUGHT LEADERSHIP AND ASSESSMENTS 17

17 DIVERSIFICATION AS ADAPTATION Millet field Cotton crop Women s gardening for markets 1/17/

18 SOCIAL CAPITAL AS ADAPTATION Food sharing in times of crisis Labor-sharing youth groups Women s labor group 1/17/

19 HOW DOES GOVERNANCE ENHANCE ADAPTATION Facilitate the introduction of climate-smart technologies Disseminate information across the population Enforce natural resource regulatory laws Create conservation programs Mediate an inter-village problem-solving process 1/17/

20 IMPACT LEVEL THE GOVERNANCE CHALLENGE SENSITIVITY TO IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE CONTROL OVER ADAPTIVE RESOURCES National Région Commune Village Household LEVEL OF CONTROL OVER RESOURCES

21 PHOTO COURTESY: NASA FRAMEWORK: EFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE AND ADAPTATION Village A Village B Village C I N F O R M A T I O N PARTICIPATION / COLLECTIVE ACTION GOVERNMENT OF MALI CONSEIL COMMUNAL LOCAL PLANNING (PDESC) DONORS NGOs CIVIL SOCIETY R E S O U R C E S 22

22 BUT, GOVERNANCE IN MALI?? Development planning a politicized process Little effective participation Low level of technical capacity locally Inadequate revenue produced locally General lack of financial resources Little sense of mid-term, long-term planning inadequate monitoring and evaluation 1/17/

23 CONCLUSIONS: THE TAKE-HOMES Level of effective governance varies across rural Mali Effective governance confers an advantage Little awareness of climate change adaptation, and not usually integrated into the PDESCs External support of climate-smart development has been critical for local climate adaptation 1/17/

24 RECOMMENDATIONS (Synthesis) 1. Climate change public awareness at local level through capacity building workshops 2. Formalize adaptation as component of development planning in the PDESC 3. Provide the tools and mechanisms for integrating adaptation into the development plan 4. Improve monitoring and evaluation of PDESC plans and projects 5. Coordination among donors to support adaptation planning 6. Strategy for funding adaptation activities 1/17/

25 THANK YOU 1/17/