THE RESULTS OF MILK RECORDING INTRODUCTION

Transcription

1 THE RESULTS OF MILK RECORDING INTRODUCTION Polish Federation of Cattle Breeders and Dairy Farmers was established in 1995 as a merger of 20 regional breeding organizations from all over the country. By virtue of The Organization of Breeding and Livestock Reproduction Act (Breeding Act) and decisions of the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development issued in relevant regulations PF- CBDF is: starting the 1st of July 2004, the only organization authorized to keep herd books for dairy cattle; starting the 1st of July 2006 PFCBDF has taken over the realization of milk recording for dairy cattle; starting the 1st of July 2007 PFCBDF has taken over the realization of tasks connected with type conformation of heifers and dairy cows. Polish Federation of Cattle Breeders and Dairy Farmers runs milk recording of dairy cattle in Poland on the basis of current animal regulations and the directives of the European Union, the guidelines of International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR) as well as internal PFCBDF procedures of milk recording carrying out. These procedures guarantee, that our breeders get full, credible and reliable information about the results for each cow individually and also for the whole herd. Moreover, the procedures assure high level of services, being the condition of the highest quality and correctness of milk recording results in recorded herds. Above mentioned, was confirmed on the 28th of December 2010, when ICAR Board decided to grant Polish Federation of Cattle Breeders and Dairy Farmers the Certificate of Quality for following options: The identification system of dairy cattle; The recording of production of dairy cattle; Laboratory analysis; Data processing. The right of using ICAR Certificate of Quality and its logo was renewed and expanded by dairy cattle herdbook option in August 2016 by the ICAR Board decision on prolongation of ICAR Certificate of Quality for PFCBDF until August The first part of this study is a summary of the entire milk recording results in Poland in This study is addressed to national recipients, in particular cattle breeders, milk producers and representatives of scientific centres, research institutes, educational centres, and all those who are vividly interested in matters regarding Polish agriculture and breeding. The publication has an exclusively informative character, data are presented in nationwide, regional, voivodeships, breed and sector cross-sections, often in relation to previous years, too. It presents reliable and objective data, which allows for essential evaluation of the potential of the national active population of dairy cattle. *** With the present publication, we take the opportunity to congratulate warmly our Breeders on the results achieved in 2016 and to thank them for the close and satisfying co-operation aiming at the improvement of Polish dairy cattle breeding. We wish you further successes in your work, prosperity as well as good luck in private life. Milk Recording Department Polish Federation of Cattle Breeders and Dairy Farmers 43

2 The results of milk recording in Poland 2016 The population of dairy cattle in milk recording in December 2016 reached heads. In relation to figures dated at 31st December 2015 it shows an increase in the number of dairy cows by animals (1,5 %) In December 2016 the total population of dairy cows reached heads which makes up 93% of cows in general livestock in Poland. This time a slightly growing tendency was noted in Polish total dairy cattle population in contrast to previous years. In comparison to the same period in 2015, reported increase is about 26,4 thousand heads (1,2%). As mentioned above the increase is rather small and should be perceived as a sign of stabilisation of the number of Polish dairy cattle population. Considering the growth of recorded dairy cattle population we can still observe a natural drift of milk production concentration and an increase of farms size in regions favourable for milk production i.e.: Podlaskie cows voivodeship, where the average milk price in 2016 was 143,78 zł/hl. According to information dated at 31st of December recorded cows represent 35,7 % of national dairy cows population in total, which in relation to analogous period in 2015 remains at the same level due to the simultaneous increase of the total dairy cows population. However, looking at the figures we have noted the growth of the number of recorded cows by heads (1.5%). Despite continuous tendency of recorded population to grow in our country, in relation to figures from other European countries we still have a lot to do. The highest participation of recorded dairy cows in relation to the total national dairy cows number was observed in north western part of Poland and the lowest in south eastern part of the country. Illustration No. 1 represents picture of recorded population size dated at the 31st of December 2016 in relation to dairy cows livestock in total, according to voivodeships. 10,0-19,9% 20,0-29,9% 30,0-39,9% 40,0-49,9% 50,0-60,0% above 60,0% 44

3 THE RESULTS OF MILK RECORDING More detailed data relating to the recorded population of dairy cows in Poland are presented in the table No.12. (tabular part of study). In 2016, the average size of recorded herd reached nearly 37 heads. Invariably for years, the largest herds are observed in Dolnośląskie, Lubuskie, Opolskie and Zachodniopomorskie, and the smallest herds: in Małopolskie. However the second smallest, average herd size in Podkarpackie and Świętokrzyskie is still slightly growing. Illustration No. 2. The average herd size in milk recording population by voivodeships, according to data at 31st of December 2016 below 20 sztuk 20-29,9 szt ,9 szt. above 50 szt. In order to compare Polish conditions and results of herds in milk recorded population we present a graph containing average data from different European countries below. 45

4 Illustration No. 3. The average herd size in milk recording population in European countries, Source: Yearly survey on the situation of MILK RECORDING SYSTEMS (Years 2014 and 2015) in ICAR member countries for cow, sheep and goats. below 20 pcs 20,1-49,9 pcs 50,0-99,9 pcs ,9 pcs above 200 pcs In comparison to the previous year we still observe a slight growth tendency in herd size. In 2016, nearly 96% of recorded farms kept more than 10 cows. Most of the recorded herds, above 78%, were situated in the interval heads per farm. According to information from 31st of December 2016, there were 17,5% of recorded herds consisting of more than 50 heads on average, which confirms that increasing tendency in the number of heads builds the increase of performance of a farm. Moreover the participation of farms keeping more than 50 cows is still growing. Illustration No. 4 shows the breakdown of herds and cows number by herd size. 0,8% 4,3% 8,9% 23,0% 29,4% 15,3% 7,5% 1,4% 4,5% 0,5% 4,7% 0,3% 44,1% 55,2% < , , , , > cows herds

5 THE RESULTS OF MILK RECORDING The current data from 2016 show, that the proportional participation of recording performance methods in Poland, are as follows: A heads 23,9% recorded cows AT heads 73,1% recorded cows A heads 3,0% recorded cows Illustration No. 5 represents graphic drift of changes in the number of dairy cows recorded in different methods, on the basis of data from 2006, 2010 and ,44% 48,33% 28,38% 64,85% 17,23% 6,77% 23,90% 2,96% 73,14% A8 AT4 A4 A8 AT4 A4 A8 AT4 A Illustration No. 6 The average number of recorded cows in Poland in According to voivodeships. below 10 thous thous thous thous thous. above 100 thous. According to the current data on average, in 2016 there were dairy cows recorded in herds, which in comparison to 2015 makes up an average increase in the active population by animals, that means (+2 %). The predominant dairy breed recorded in 2016 in Poland invariably is the Holstein - Friesian (HO) - 85,56% of the active population, however its % participation slightly decreased in comparison to 86,16% in 2015 and it seems to be a steady tendency upon last several years. On the other hand, there is still a growing trend to be interested in breeding coloured breeds such as: Montbeliarde and indigenous robust breeds like Red Polish (RP) typical for the mountains, Polish Red-White 47

6 (ZR) or White-back (BG) which, together with crossbreeds (MM) Simmental Polish Black-White (ZR) and other breeds make more than 10% of active cattle population. The above mentioned direction shows that breeders are also interested in cattle characterized with high resistance, longevity and also tolerance of poorer nutritional conditions and more difficult environment. Illustration No. 7 shows the breed structure in recorded population of dairy cattle in ,96% remaining breeds makes up: HO 85,56% MM 7,63% RW 3,50% POZOSTAŁE 1,96% SM 1,35% MO 0,38% RP 0,39% ZR 0,49% ZB 0,26% JE 0,13% BG 0,12% INNE 0,08% BS 0,04% SR 0,03% NR 0,03% The main aim of the milk recording is data collection and processing, in order to provide as many as possible accurate and credible data for farmers, which will be useful for the right decision making process in herd management. The comparison of milk yield during several last years in recorded population presents as follows: Year Average number Fat Protein Milk of cows kg % kg % , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,37 + / , ,01 In 2016, in ranking of voivodeships, where breeders achieved the best average results of kg milk performance, the best was Lubuskie with the average milk yield of kg of milk, 347 kg of fat and 295 kg of protein and Dolnośląskie with the average milk yield of kg of milk, 352 kg of fat and 294 kg of protein. 48

7 THE RESULTS OF MILK RECORDING Next illustration shows again where Polish recorded herds are placed if we compare the average milk yield. Illustration No. 8 Average milk yield of recorded cows in different European countries, Source: Yearly survey on the situation of MILK RECORDING SYSTEMS (Years 2014 and 2015) in ICAR member countries for cow, sheep and goats > 9000 In order to sum up the introduction to tabular part of our publication, it is necessary to underline, that 35,7% of recorded cows in Poland produce 56% of milk bought by dairy industry. 49

8 Illustration No. 8. Comparison of average milk yield in recorded population in 2015 and 2016 according to voivodeships below 6 tys. 6,0-6,4 tys. 6,5-6,9 tys. 7,0-7,4 tys. 7,5-7,9 tys. above 8 tys. Illustration No. 9. The average of yield of fat and protein sum in recorded population in 2015 and 2016, according to voivodeships kg kg kg above 600 kg In order to guarantee the highest quality of provided services, last year our supervision inspectors carried out controls of correctness and compliance of test milking carried out by the technicians with the existing procedures and other checks of work quality of the technicians, including the correctness of breeding documentation. Besides the above mentioned, 572 repeat recordings were performed. 50

9 R&D PROJECTS RUN IN 2016 SOL - just before debut Last year, we informed the breeders that we had started working on the programme Stado On Line (SOL), which PFCBDF wants to offer to the breeders as a tool for supporting the management of a dairy herd. We promised then that the first version would be available later that year. We wrote these words at the beginning of A breeder, reading the current summary of the work done last year, has the right to ask: Where is SOL!?. We are pleased to announce that SOL is already running. So far, this is a test version of the programme, which is used by over a dozen farms scattered across the country. They have undertaken the burden of arduous task of testing the programme, which was being intensively developed throughout last year. We thank these pioneering users mainly for the development of SOL to such a level which allows us for its implementation. The transition from a dozen or so pioneers-user to hundreds, and in the long run (we hope) to thousands of breeders working with the program SOL requires careful preparation. Therefore programme implementation is divided into two stages. Pilot implementation will take place in the second quarter of We will address breeders with a suggestion to test the programme during this period. There will be an appropriate announcement published on PFCBDF s website and in Hodowla i Chów Bydła magazine. Breeders whose herds are in milk recording, will also receive a leaflet with this information. We would like this pilot implementation to be attended by between 100 and 150 farms. These breeders will have completely free access to the current version of the programme as well as full technical support, including not only access to the electronic manual but a demo version of the programme, tutorial video and the possibility of consultations by , telephone or instant chatting as well. We want to use this pilot period to obtain comments and opinions from farmers, which will allow us to polish the programme. The nationwide SOL implementation is planned for the third quarter of this year. The SOL programme will then become available to all stakeholders, on general principles. We will be offering technical support to each user in the above-described range also at this stage. 56

10 R&D PROJECTS SOL - how does it work? SOL is a web application. This means that the farmer has an access to the programme from all kinds of devices, which can run a web browser. They may: be a personal computer or a laptop, but also a tablet or a smartphone. There is no need to install anything extra on the device that is used. It is enough just to know the application Internet address and your own username and password. That lets SOL user get the access to information he needs from any location in the world, any time day and night. There is only one restriction - SOL programme to work, the used device has got to have Internet connection. Programme SOL will consist of so-called base version and additional modules, which was agreed in the very beginning of work on SOL. Solid base The SOL base version provides the users with the opportunity to register those activities that are most often encountered in everyday work in an average dairy herd. It applies to activities such as: animal s arrival and culling to/from a farm, and movements between buildings and pens; calvings and new born calves registration; heat, natural service, insemination, harem mating, pregnancy check and stillbirth registration dry period registration This part of SOL programme also allows you to record cows and heifers body condition scores (BCS). There are also numerous options to browse collected data in SOL base version. This applies to both data from milk recording (such as yield and milk composition) and these entered by a breeders himself (eg. pregnancy check). A breeder can analyse information about the selected animal in details (presented in an animal card). A breeder may also get a statement of needed information in a form of an appropriate list. There is no need to be limited to defaulted lists available in the programme (there are over a dozen of such). The programme offers the user a possibility to design his own lists independently tailored according to his needs. 57

11 SOL user also has a possibility to evaluate quickly the whole herd s situation or its selected part s situation. He can run one of offered analyses for this purpose. A few clicks can get a picture of the situation in a form of a transparent table or imaginative chart. Interactivity of these analyses is an important advantage, it means a possibility to influence actively their shape. It is the user himself who determines the level of detail of a particular analysis, and the range of the animals it concerns. What is more, if the user spots an interesting point on the chart, the program can move him directly to the animal card, which this point concerns! Moreover the SOL base version includes additionally a calendar which lets the user to schedule his work, reminds about the planned deadlines of work and about upcoming important events (eg. dry period deadline or calving). The calendar may even remind the user about the need to carry out the tasks which he has planned (eg. drug application), upon the user s request with SMS sent to the cell phone! SOL programme also offers a possibility to run the official Holding register for bovine animals and to generate appropriate documents required by ARMA. The programme has also another important feature i.e. it generates a List of events - the document required during the test milking, which is particularly useful for breeders whose herds are in milk recording. SOL base version is designed to be used by all SOL users. There is no possibility to have SOL without base version! The farmer will be able to add additional modules to the base version, according to his own needs and preferences which allows for performing operations and data registration, that he considers necessary. Modules allow SOL users to optimally adjust the programme to the conditions that occur in the very herd and the needs of people who work in it. The very first of such modules, which will be available to SOL users, is the module Health. The module Health Functions gathered in this module allow to record data related to animal health, as well as analyse collected data. If a farmer decides to use the module Health, he will be able to record easily: the symptoms he has observed, a diagnosis by a vet (diagnoses of diseases or health disorders) and a record of 58

12 R&D PROJECTS medical treatments, which have been applied to particular animals. This module allows also for scheduling the treatments which are to be performed in the future, and even entire therapy, or sets of different treatments, including interval period between them. All module functions are designed so that the relevant data can be saved directly on the card of the animal, which the observation or event concerns. Registration is done mainly by selecting options using the buttons rather than by laboriously typing. This makes it easier to perform any operation on mobile devices, without the classic keyboard and pointer moved by a mouse or touchpad. This module consists of a lot of inbuilt information that facilitates the work, which is its huge advantage. There is also a complete set of information on cattle medicines approved in Poland available to the user and the list of diseases and disorders that may happen in this group of animals. The Health module works inseparably with the previously mentioned SOL base version which is crucial for its functionality. For instance, planned treatments appear automatically in calendar and also the registration of drug application with grace period causes the appearance of adequate information into the animal card. SOL - what next? Implementation of SOL base version and the module Health will not close the work on SOL programme, of course. We are already working and will continue, both on expansion and improvement of SOL base version, and on improvement of the module Health. We also want to offer farmers more programme modules, as quickly as possible. It goes especially for those modules which enable data exchange between SOL and computer systems operating in the herd (eg. a computer supervising milking parlour or a system for heat detection). There are lots of possibilities and ideas for development and improvement of SOL! Which of them would be brought to realisation and in which order they will be made available? The opinion of programme users will be decisive ultimately. Therefore, we encourage breeders to reach for SOL. The programme is not perfect certainly, but with your help will become increasingly better. 59

13 FEEDING ADVISORY FEEDING ADVISORY Dairy cattle breeding and appropriate cows nutrition is a domain which requires qualified knowledge and continuous improvement of their skills from the advisors. Both the science world and practitioners from all over the world are constantly working on improving the methods allowing to be more and more effective in using the whole potential of animals while caring for their welfare and health. PFCBDF s advisors participate in various trainings and conferences in order to meet high expectations of Polish farmers, and also to be able to communicate the latest developments concerning feeding and breeding of dairy cattle and milk production to them. It extends and improves advisors so far gained knowledge and skills. Feeding advisory provided by experts from PFCBDF is a paid service, which is characterized by fully objective and individual approach towards each single herd. It is worth notifying that PF- CBDF s service is the only service in our country entirely independent of the companies selling feed for livestock. Thanks to that the advisors from PFCBDF determine the feeding rations based on the specific feed used on a farm, without pointing out any particular manufacturer and without the need of developing sales plans. The main objective of advisory services provided by PFCBDF s specialists is to improve the production potential of dairy farms by applying a proper dairy cattle feeding. The above-mentioned holistic approach includes fodder analyses in terms of its quality. The service is also aimed at determining the animals welfare requirements at a farm. The number of breeders, who are interested in the service and benefit from it increases year by year. In comparison to the year 2015 (1.403), in 2016, a total number of visits performed was higher by 167 (1.570) services Along with the number of advisory services performed at farms the number of cows covered with this service increased. In 2015 there were cows, and were included in PFCBDF s advisory services in (an increase by 8.850). 73

14 cows These data indicate an increase in awareness among growers and about how important element in the cost-effective driving cattle is a rational animal nutrition. An incentive to development of two systems, in which we offer our advisory services was a growing number of farmers satisfied with PFCBDF s feeding advisory, who want to co-work permanently with our advisors. For over two years now, dairy farmers can choose whether they prefer to use the advisory service in subscription (D4) or a one-off system. A subscription system in farming is a kind of novelty on the Polish market. In particular, the system of advisory in subscription is dedicated to the farmers who expect a continuous cooperation, care and monitoring of the results achieved by their cows. The system is also often recommended to large farms. This new system was very popular in From January to the end of December 2016 there were 305 subscription contracts signed, which resulted in 655 on-farm visits that have already been performed. 74

15 FEEDING ADVISORY Advisory within D4 subscription, consists of: 4 on-farm visits guaranteed within 12 months; 2 free of charge feed samples analyses within 12 months of the agreement (it applies for corn silage + grass silage / alfalfa silage or legumes with grasses sillage); feeding rations adjustment free of charge; monitoring of feeding indicators every month; constant communication between a breeder and an advisor; possibility to review and analyze milk recording reports directly after a test day; faster detection of potential problems in nutrition and herd health status; possibility to react immediately in case of a threat of ketosis etc.; possibility of immediate, on the spot, correction of feeding ration or its new arrangement; current verification of changes in feeding and breeding set-ups; year-long review of the farm s welfare. The second system, which breeders can use is a so-called one-off service recommended to farmers, who in particular expect a rapid and ad hoc assistance in solving nutritional problems. Breeders going for this kind of cooperation receive: a visit after each forwarding a request; one-off solution to a particular problem in the herd; immediate and thorough composition of rations for the currently used feed on a farm; opportunity to re-visit without the need of a contract; unlimited number of visits during the year. 461 one-off basis visits were performed in 2015 in the whole Poland. COOPERATION WITH THIRD PARTIES A proper running of milk production, its effectiveness, and first of all the quality of milk is an extremely important matter for both breeders and milk processors. Therefore, the nutrition advisors of PFCBDF work closely with third entities like dairy cooperatives for instance. In 2016, advisors of PFCBDF collaborated with 4 entities on the basis of signed agreements, which determine the terms and conditions of our co-operation. The aforementioned third parties are for instance: OSM Bieruń, Obory Sp. z o.o., ZM Winnica Sp. z o.o. and OSM Włoszczowa. 204 advise services were performed within the above described cooperation plan in VISIT OF A FEEDING ADVISOR Activities related to carrying-out nutrition advisory services for dairy cattle require an individual approach to each herd. During the first visit at a farm, the nutritionist, gets acquainted with the farm characteristics, its specificity and fodder stocks used at the farm as well as the feeding system for cows. It is a rule that first there is an interview with the breeder carried out, during which specific problems of the farm and the goal to be reached are determined, like for instance: an increase of the average herd yield, an improvement of reproduction rates or a reduction of unit production costs. In order to help the breeder to manage his herd our specialists base on information contained in reports derived from milk recording service and while composing feeding rations they use results of 75

16 forage quality analyses. Moreover, individual costs of production of their own fodder are calculated for each farm. It should be underlined, that properly balanced and adjusted nutrition is the major part of the direct costs structure of milk production. COLUMB ADVISORS OWN PROGRAM FOR CALCULATION OF FEEDING COSTS Feeding is included into the group of main factors determining the profitability of farms specializing in dairy production. Factors mainly responsible for dairy farm profit or loss are: on-farm roughage production and appropriate balance of feeding ration. Therefore, monitoring indicators characterizing the feeding costs should be a constant element in a herd management. Recognizing and understanding the importance of this issue, our feeding advisors have developed a specialized computer programme to estimate farm feeding costs. Starting from November 2016, PF- CBDF launched an additional option of economic consulting free of charge within feeding advisory. This offer is available for all breeders who will choose to co-work with PFCBDF s feeding advisors. SUMMARY Feeding advisory run by PFCBDF sets the standards for the development of milk production by combining the economic and milk quality objectives with environmental requirements and careful, responsible farm management. Standards offered by Federation are to facilitate milk producers with proper tools enabling them to adapt to the changing environment and to ensure profitability and long-term development of their farms. 76

17 PFCBDF s LABORATORIES TASKS Four milk laboratories functioned within Polish Federation of Cattle Breeders and Dairy Farmers services in 2015, each of them covered a specific area as follows: RECORDING REGION IN PARZNIEW Laboratory in Białymstok located in Jeżewo Stare Podlaskie voivodeship action area, Laboratory in Parzniew Mazowieckie, Lubelskie, Łódzkie, Małopolskie, Podkarpackie i Świętokrzyskie voivodeships action area, RECORDING REGION IN POZNAŃ Laboratory in Kobierno Lubuskie, Wielkopolskie, Dolnośląskie, Opolskie i Śląskie voivodeships action area, RECORDING REGION IN BYDGOSZCZ Laboratory in Bydgoszcz located in Minikowo Kujawsko-pomorskie, Pomorskie, Warmińsko mazurskie i Zachodniopomorskie voivodeships action area. 7 million 373 thousand milk samples were analysed for milk recording purpose in our laboratories, which gave the average increase in the number of performed tests by almost 3% in comparison to Number of analyses in 2016 by PFCBDF labs Lab. Białystok Lab. Parzniew Lab. Kobierno Lab. Bydgoszcz All analyses are consistent with national and international standards thanks to: use of reference materials purchased in the Reference Laboratory of National Animal Breeding Center in Parzniew and A.I.A Laboratory, Italy. participation in national and international proficiency tests organized by the Reference Laboratories present on the List of Reference Laboratories issued by ICAR. Participation in laboratory ring tests on the national and European level is an important element of the control of the quality results obtained in the labs. These proficiency tests enable the evaluation of PFCBDF labs competence, and comparison of their performance within a peer group. 80

18 LABORATORIES The results obtained allow a high rating of the quality of analyses performed in our labs, and allow to confirm the stability of the results within PFCBDF labs. Participation in proficiency tests provides a unique opportunity for the revision of testing methods, determination of analyses accuracy and it confirms the proper development of the laboratories management system. AB 470 AB 472 AB 473 AB 822 Laboratories work in accordance with international PN-EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 standard requirements in terms of milk analysis, which guarantees: reliability of the measurements, objectivity independence accuracy of testing and measuring devices, the use of standardized test methods the principles of traceability, highly qualified personnel. Granting accreditation certificates by the Polish Centre for Accreditation for the subsequent period is the confirmation of the aforementioned standards. Accreditation certificates were granted to the following laboratories: Laboratory in Kobierno AB 470 Laboratory in Białymstok located in Jeżewo Stare AB 472 Laboratory in Bydgoszcz located in Minikowo AB 473 Laboratory in Parzniewie AB 822 For more information see PCA website: testing laboratories chapter. In order to meet farmers growing interest in fodder analyses PFCBDF decided to open following Fodder Laboratory next to the one in Kobierno. The new lab opened on the 1st of February 2016 is located in Jeżewo Stare. In the reality the currently existing milk testing lab in Jeżewo extended its array of services by fodder analyses. Laboratory in Białystok located in Jeżewo Stare Podlaskie, Warmińsko mazurskie Lubelskie, Łódzkie, Małopolskie, Mazowieckie, Podkarpackie and Świętokrzyskie voivodeships action area, Laboratory in Kobierno Lubuskie, Wielkopolskie, Dolnośląskie, Opolskie, Śląskie Kujawsko-pomorskie, Pomorskie and Zachodniopomorskie voivodeships action area, Both laboratories offer analyses based on NIRS technology using camera DS 2500 In terms of roughage: corn, grass, alfalfa, legumes with grass silage; ensiled corn grain, meadow hay, TMR based on corn silage, 81

19 in terms of feed ingredients: cereal and corn grains, rapeseed and soybean, legumes and sunflower seeds, mixtures of cereals, corn, seeds and crushed seeds. A total number of analyses were performed there in 2016 (more by in comparison to previous year) fodder analyses were made on the request of third parties (dairies, commercial feed companies and universities). Number of analyses MR Regions Third entities Total MR reg. Bydgoszcz MR reg. Parzniew MR reg. Poznań Third entities