Unit V Test: Development and Agricultural and Rural Land Use

Transcription

1 Unit V Test: Development and Agricultural and Rural Land Use Multiple Choice: Select the best answer and mark it on your scantron. You may write on the test (1 point each). 1. The core-periphery model focuses on the relationships between countries. A. Economic B. Military C. Political D. Social 2. would be considered a periphery country. A. Brazil B. China C. New Zealand D. Sierra Leone 3. The core-periphery model: A. Works to the advantage of both core and periphery countries. B. Works to the advantage of core countries. C. Works to the advantage of periphery countries. D. Is irrelevant in a complex global economic system. 4. Which country would have the highest GDP per capita? A. China B. Egypt C. Sweden D. Ukraine 5. Developed economies generally have the highest percentage of workers in the sector. A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Quaternary 6. Which of the following is not a demographic indicator of development? A. Crude Birth Rate B. Infant Mortality Rate C. Literacy Rate D. Natural Increase Rate

2 7. is an LDC country/region. A. Eastern Europe B. Japan C. South Asia D. South Pacific 8. The process of giving very small loans to people, especially women, in Third World countries in order to spur entrepreneurship is called: A. Fair Trade B. Foreign Direct Investment C. Microfinancing D. Practical Bonding 9. According to Rostow s development model, the process of development begins when: A. A high percentage of national wealth is allocated to nonproductive activities. B. An elite group initiates innovative activities. C. Take-off industries achieve technical advances. D. Workers become more skilled and specialized. 10. A structuralist would believe that: A. All countries will eventually become MDCs. B. Countries are locked into the position they are in. C. Rostow s modernization theory is correct. D. The Four Tigers support structuralism. 11. The Four Economic Tigers of East and Southeast Asia include: A. China, Indonesia, Japan, and Taiwan. B. China, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. C. Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan. D. Japan, Philippines, South Korea, and Vietnam. 12. Today, European countries primarily obtain raw materials: A. From nowhere, they are no longer important for development in Europe. B. From their own abundant supplies. C. Through exploitation of their colonies. D. Through purchase from LDCs. 13. Modern day hunting and gathering societies: A. Are characterized by large concentrations of people. B. Are found in isolated places in the world. C. Employ about 15 percent of the world s people. D. Occur nearly everywhere but are especially common in Europe.

3 14. Agriculture is a sector activity. A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Quaternary 15. The First Agricultural Revolution began approximately years ago. A. 8,000 B. 10,000 C. 12,000 D. 14, The cultivation of plants by cutting stems and dividing roots is called: A. Sawah B. Seed agriculture C. Subsistence agriculture D. Vegetative agriculture. 17. Which of the following is not considered a seed hearth? A. Fertile Crescent/Mesopotamia B. Indus River Valley C. Meso-America D. Southeast Asia 18. Which of the following lists are New World agricultural products that came to Europe in the Columbian exchange after 1492? A. Coffee, sugar, and hogs B. Horses, cattle, and wheat C. Maize, potatoes, and turkeys D. Yams, melons, and chickens 19. Which animal was domesticated in the Americas? A. The alpaca B. The goat C. The pig D. The water buffalo

4 20. Which of the following accurately describes subsistence and commercial agriculture? A. Subsistence agriculture focuses on making a profit, while commercial agriculture focuses on direct consumption by the producer. B. Subsistence agriculture focuses on direct consumption by the producer, while commercial agriculture focuses on making a profit. C. They both focus on making a profit. D. They both focus on direct consumption by the producer. 21. Which of the following accurately describes extensive and intensive agriculture? A. Extensive agriculture is more productive per unit of land, while intensive agriculture is less productive per unit of land. B. Extensive agriculture uses a large amount of land and a small amount of labor, while intensive agriculture uses a small amount of land and a large amount of labor. C. Extensive agriculture uses a small amount of land and a large amount of labor, while intensive agriculture uses a large amount of land and a small amount of labor. D. They both use a large amount of land and a large amount of labor. 22. Commercial farms are generally found in climates. A. Arid B. Subarctic C. Temperate D. Tropical 23. In shifting cultivation or slash and burn agriculture, farmers: A. Create permanent farms. B. Manage the farmland wisely. C. Move on once the nutrients in the soil are used up. D. Plant in wide-open fields away from trees. 24. The specific term for the seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures or valleys is called: A. Pastoral nomadism. B. Shifting cultivation. C. Transhumance. D. Wandering cultivation 25. is a specific type of commercial gardening. A. Mixed crop and livestock B. Suitcase farming C. Truck farming D. Wet-rice dominant

5 26. Which of the following is least likely to be produced in Mediterranean agriculture? A. Butter B. Fruits C. Grapes D. Olives 27. Which of the following would not be a mono-crop grown on a plantation? A. Bananas B. Cotton C. Dairy D. Sugar cane 28. Von Thunen s land use model pits the cost of against the cost of. A. Labor; Machinery B. Labor; Transportation C. Land; Fertilizers D. Land; Transportation 29. In which of the following countries is terracing least likely to be used by farming groups to create additional space and minimize erosion on steep slopes? A. Nepal B. Niger C. Peru D. The Philippines 30. was not a cause of the Second Agricultural Revolution. A. Crop rotation. B. Genetic Engineering C. Mechanization of labor D. The British Enclosure Act 31. All of the following were results of the Second Agricultural Revolution except: A. An exchange of new crops and animals between the Old and New Worlds. B. Animal domestication C. More reliable food supplies D. The Industrial Revolution 32. Which of the following is an example of a nucleated settlement pattern? A. Houses and other buildings are grouped together in clusters. B. Human activity follows a consistent but irregular distribution pattern. C. People live in widely scattered and ill-informed settlements. D. Villages are located along a narrow road at approximately half mile intervals.

6 33. is a net importer of grain. A. Brazil B. China C. India D. USA 34. In terms of total tonnage, which of the following is currently the leading export crop in the world? A. Coffee B. Corn C. Rice D. Sugar cane E. Wheat 35. The Green Revolution primarily occurred in: A. Africa. B. Europe. C. India. D. USA. 36. Dramatic increases in global grain production since 1950 have been made possible by A. An increase in the agricultural workforce. B. An increase in the use of energy and biotechnology. C. Global warming. D. Substantial increases in the amount of land under cultivation. 37. The Green Revolution proved wrong which man s theory about population growth outstripping food supply? A. Carl Sauer B. Halford Mackinder C. Thomas Malthus D. Von Thunen 38. A team of surveyors is surveying an area of land with a lot of rivers and canals. The team would most likely use the survey system. A. Long lot B. Metes and bounds C. Rectangular range D. Township and range

7 39. The long lot survey system is similar to which type of village structure? A. Cluster village B. Linear village C. Round village D. Walled village 40. Isolated farmsteads in the United States evolved as a result of all of the following except: A. Agricultural private enterprise. B. Colonization by individual pioneer families. C. Government land policy. D. Physical barriers preventing communal farm practices. 41. Agribusiness is characterized by all of the following except: A. Family farms. B. Feedlots. C. Large corporations. D. Vertical integration of the food process. 42. In the 1970s and 1980s, a farm crisis primarily occurred in: A. California B. The Midwest C. The Southeast D. Virginia 43. All of the following are global staple grains except: A. Maize B. Oats C. Rice D. Wheat 44. Which of the following most accurately describes aquaculture and commercial fishing? A. Aquaculture takes place under controlled conditions, while commercial fishing takes place in the wild. B. Aquaculture takes place in the wild, while commercial fishing takes place under controlled conditions. C. They both take place under controlled conditions. D. They both take place in the wild under uncontrollable conditions. 45. All of the following are products of extractive industries except: A. Gold B. Natural gas C. Petroleum D. Timber

8 46. Collective farms were/are found in: A. China and Australia. B. China and Japan. C. The Soviet Union and Israel. D. The Soviet Union and Italy. 47. Which type of agriculture occupies the largest percentage of the world s land area? A. Dairying B. Intensive subsistence C. Plantation D. Shifting cultivation 48. Which type of agriculture is practiced by the largest percentage of the world s people? A. Hunting and gathering B. Intensive subsistence C. Pastoral nomadism D. Shifting cultivation 49. All of the following are generally considered negative consequences of modern day agriculture except: A. Desertification. B. Environmental pollution. C. The elimination of small independent farmers. D. All of the above are negative consequences. 50. Why is the traditional classification of agriculture as a primary economic activity a problem when considering the geography of agriculture? A. Agricultural employment is such a small fraction of the labor force in the industrialized countries that agriculture can no longer be thought of as a primary economic activity. B. Modern farmers are engaged in production, research, marketing, and some manufacturing of their products. C. Traditional patterns of farming are disappearing. D. Unlike mining, forestry, and other primary activities, agriculture has not been affected by industrialization. Short Answer: Completely answer the questions in the blanks below. You do not have to use complete sentences, but your answers should be coherent (3 points each). 51. Identify and explain two limits of using GDP to determine a country s level of development.

9 52. Identify three barriers to economic development. 53. Label each ring of Von Thunen s land use model. 54. Von Thunen s land use model is based upon six assumptions. Identify three of them. 55. Identify two reasons why dairy farming does not have to be close to the market in the modern world. 56. Carl Sauer s theory about the origins of agriculture is based upon six assumptions. Identify three of them.

10 57. Identify and explain three effects of the First Agricultural Revolution. Essay Questions: Write your essay on a separate sheet of paper. Remember to have a clear thesis supported by facts/examples and analysis (9 points each). 1. Evaluate the Liberal theory. Is it an adequate and accurate depiction of the world situation? Why or why not? 2. Which are greater, the benefits gained from the Green Revolution or the drawbacks of it? Why?