Irrigation Management for Trees and Vines

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1 Irrigation Management for Trees and Vines Louise Ferguson Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis Agriculture & Natural Resources University of California Cooperative Extension

2 Irrigation Management for Trees and Vines Consists of two major parts: I: Factors affecting irrigation efficiency II: Irrigation Scheduling

3 Irrigation Management for Trees and Vines I: Factors affecting irrigation efficiency

4 Irrigation Systems Microsprinklers Drip Flooding Basins or Furrows

5 Irrigation Management for Trees and Vines Factors affecting irrigation efficiency Climate Crop Soil characteristics Water quality Irrigation System

6 Factors Affecting Irrigation Efficiency: Climate: determines evapotranspiration Humidity Average wind speed Temperature Solar radiation

7 Factors Affecting Irrigation Efficiency: Crop Type: Crop Architecture Rooting depth % coverage Season length

8 Factors Affecting Irrigation Efficiency : Water Quality: affects infiltration Salinity Ca:Na ratio Specific ion concentration

9 Factors Affecting Irrigation Efficiency : Irrigation System: water availability Interacting with rooting depth and cover Flood Furrow Basin Wetting patterns Costs capital energy

10 Irrigation Management for Trees and Vines Consists of two major parts: I: Factors affecting irrigation efficiency II: Irrigation scheduling

11 Major Principal of Irrigation Management Evapotranspiration

12 Evapotranspiration

13 1 st Principle of Irrigation Management Evapotranspiration = Crop Water Use = Yield Evapotranspiration = Yields maximum Poorly Irrigated Well Irrigated

14 2 nd Principle of Irrigation Management Insufficient soil moisture Evapotranspiration Insufficient soil moisture is almost always the reason for poor or decreased evapotranspiration Function of irrigation is to: Maintain optimal evapotranspiration The method is irrigation scheduling delivering water when needed

15 Irrigation Scheduling When to irrigate How much to irrigate How to monitor soil moisture When to adjust Determining total amount applied

16 Furrow Irrigation Systems Flooding Basins or Furrows

17 Water Budget Method When to irrigate How much to irrigate

18

19 Irrigation Scheduling When to irrigate: Determine available soil moisture for soil type From reference tables

20 Available Soil Moisture (cm/m) for Various Soil Textures Soil Texture Field Capacity 15 Bars Available Soil Moisture Sand Loamy Sand Sandy Loam Loam

21 Irrigation Scheduling When to irrigate: Determine available soil moisture for soil type Determine crop rooting depth Direct measurement or reference tables

22 Dig below tree to see rooting depth

23 Crop Rooting Depth Crop Apple Citrus Grapes Olives Rooting Depth 1.25 m 1.5 m 0.75 m 1.25 m

24 Irrigation Scheduling When to irrigate: Determine available soil moisture for soil type Determine crop rooting depth Calculate total available soil moisture (AM) AM = (available soil moisture) X (root depth)

25 Calculate Total Available Moisture Total Available Soil Moisture (AM) = Available Soil Moisture per cm/m X root depth (m) 1.1 cm/m X 1.25 m = cm

26

27 Irrigation Scheduling When to irrigate: Determine available soil moisture for soil type Determine crop rooting depth Calculate available soil moisture (AM) AM = (available soil moisture) X (root depth) Calculate allowable depletion = AD AD = (AM) X (% allowable depletion/100)

28

29 % Allowable Depletion Crop % Allowable Depletion Citrus 50% Dates 50% Grapes 35% Olives 65%

30 Calculating % Allowable Depletion AD = Allowable Depletion (cm) AM = Total Available Soil Moisture (cm) AD = (AM) X (% allowable depletion/100) AD = (1.375 cm) X (65/100) AD =.89 cm

31

32 Irrigation Scheduling When to irrigate: Determine available soil moisture for soil type Determine crop rooting depth Calculate available soil moisture (AM) Calculate allowable depletion = AD Determine evapotranspiration from your weather station: ETo

33

34 ET in cm/day 2.10/10 =.30

35 Irrigation Scheduling When to irrigate: Determine available soil moisture for soil type Determine crop rooting depth Calculate available soil moisture (AM) Calculate allowable depletion = AD Obtain weather station evapotranspiration Calculate daily crop evapotranspiration ETc = (ETo) X (Kc)

36 Calculate Daily Crop Evapotranspiration ETc = (Kc)* X (ETo) ETc = (.75) X (.30 cm/day) ETc =.225 cm/day * Experimentally determined

37 Irrigation Scheduling Now you know water in root zone initially CM How fast you are losing it.225 cm/day How much loss before tree is harmed.89 cm

38 Irrigation Scheduling So when do you irrigate? And how much do you apply?

39 Irrigation Scheduling When to irrigate: Determine available soil moisture for soil type Determine crop rooting depth Calculate available soil moisture (AM) Calculate allowable depletion = AD Obtain weather station evapotranspiration Calculate daily crop evapotranspiration Calculate the interval between irrigations IN (days) = AD (cm) / ETc (cm/day)

40 Calculate the Interval Between Irrigations IN = interval between irrigations (days) AD = allowable depletion (cm) ETc = daily crop evapotranspiration (cm/day) IN (days) = AD (cm) /ETc (cm/day) IN (days) = (.89 cm)/.225 cm/day 4 days 4 days between irrigations

41 Irrigation Scheduling When to irrigate? after four days (under these conditions) How much water to apply? Replace.89 cm lost to ETc

42 Irrigation Scheduling When to irrigate How much to irrigate How to monitor soil moisture

43 Irrigation Scheduling When to irrigate How much to irrigate How to monitor soil moisture When to adjust

44 Irrigation Scheduling When to irrigate How much to irrigate How to monitor soil moisture When to adjust Determining total amount applied

45 Irrigation Management for Trees and Vines Post Lecture Questions Agriculture & Natural Resources University of California Cooperative Extension

46 Irrigation Management for Trees and Vines Name five factors affecting irrigation efficiency:

47 Irrigation Management for Trees and Vines Factors affecting irrigation efficiency Climate Crop Soil characteristics Water quality Irrigation System

48 What is Evapotranspiration

49 Major Principal of Irrigation Management Evapotranspiration

50 What is primary factor that decreases evaptranspiration and what is the best way to prevent it.

51 2 nd Principle of Irrigation Management Insufficient soil moisture Evapotranspiration Function of irrigation is to: Maintain optimal evapotranspiration The method is irrigation scheduling delivering water when needed

52 Name a method of irrigation scheduling and name two ways it directs irrigation

53 Irrigation Scheduling Water Budget Method When to irrigate How much to irrigate

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