Banat s Journal of Biotechnology

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BIOMETRIC PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF VARIETIES AND LOCAL POPULATIONS BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL UNDER THE SOIL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF TROYAN Boryana Churkova Research Institute of Mountain

For determination of the plant height, number of main stems and productivity of varieties and birdsfoot trefoil a field experiment was carried out during 2008-2010 period in RIMSA Troyan.

1 BIOMETRIC PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF VARIETIES AND LOCAL POPULATIONS BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL UNDER THE SOIL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF TROYAN Boryana Churkova Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agricultire, 281, Vasil Levski Street., 5600 Troyan, Bulgaria: Abstract. For determination of the plant height, number of main stems and productivity of varieties and birdsfoot trefoil a field experiment was carried out during period in RIMSA Troyan. Objects of study were the originating from: Shumen, Nesebar, Kiten, Tryavna, Sadovo, as well as genotypes of the varieties: V. Podolyanskii (Russia), Dedinovskii (Russia), Martanskii (Russia), Zora (Serbia), Bokor (Serbia), Smolenskii (Russia). Variety Targovishte 1 (St) was used for comparison. The aim of this study is was to investigate the biometric and quantitative indicators of birdsfoot trefoil varieties and under agro-ecological conditions of Troyan. The highest forage productivity was obtained in variety Dedinovskii, under the soil and climatic conditions of Troyan. The variety was characterized by high stems and the highest number of main stems. The originating Nesebar and Kiten also realize high productivity. The lowest productive was obtained in the variety Zora, due to its poor adaptability to specific soil conditions and lower its productive potential. The third year of the experimental period was characterized by rather high productivity of all studied accessions. The average height of all varieties and was 25.4 cm, with minimum and maximum 22.5 cm 29.2 cm. According to the variation coefficient values of the indicator stem height (CV=6.73%) was set very low variability. Average for the period of the investigation the values for the number of main stems varied from 23.7 to 44.0 and their maximum was observed in a variety Dedinovskii (44.0), Martanskii (37.7) and population Nesebar (37.0). The higher density of these accessions and explains their higher productivity. Key words: birdsfoot trefoil, varieties and, plant height, number of main stems, productivity Introduction Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) is a widespread perennial legume forage [HASHIGUCHI, 2011; SWANSON, 1990; SUGINOBU, 1988]. The wild forms were found in temperate regions of Europe [DROBNÁ, 2010; VUCKOVIC et al., 2007], Asia Minor, North Africa, North and South America, Australia and New Zealand. Establishing a relationship between morphological, ecological and productive characteristics of birdsfoot trefoil cultivars and can provide information for better use of certain genotypes. Different varieties and trefoil from different regions are characterized by specific biological and morphological properties, such as growth and development, number of stems, [ADU et al., length of main stem and productivity 1998; MCKENZIE, 2004; PECETTI, 2009]. Bulgaria is an important center of origin of genes for many kinds of legumes, including birdsfoot trefoil [CHOURKOVA, 2011; CHOURKOVA and LINGORSKI, 2011]. Given the high rates of these indicators, some might serve as a valuable material for breeding. The specific adaptation and 42 targeted way to use can be major factors determining the choice of species and cultures [PECETTI, 2009]. The aim of this study is was to investigate the biometric and quantitative indicators of birdsfoot trefoil varieties and under agro-ecological conditions of Troyan. Material and methods The study was conducted during the period in RIMSA Troyan on light grey pseudo podzolic soil. The trial was laid out by the block method with 4 replications and size of harvest plot of 1 m 2. Objects of study were the originating from: Shumen, Nesebar, Kiten, Tryavna, Sadovo, as well as genotypes of the varieties: V. Podolyanskii (Russia), Dedinovskii (Russia), Martanskii (Russia), Zora (Serbia), Bokor (Serbia), Smolenskii (Russia). Variety Targovishte 1 (St) was used for comparison. The mode of soil tillage was reported [CHURKOVA and MIHOVSKI, in another publication

2 Banat s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Timisoara, Contact: web: bjb@usab-tm.ro 2000]. Sowing was conducted by hand, broadcast at the sowing rate of t/ha. Fertilizing with phosphorus and potassium was conducted as reserve application at the dose of 0.16 t/ha active ingredient together with the basic soil tillage, and nitrogen was applied once before sowing at the dose of 0.06 t/ha active ingredient. Recording of the observed characterized were conducted at the stage of budding-early flowering of sward. The following characters were recorded: Plant height per year (cm) The plant height reported immediately before harvesting any undergrowth. The two diagonals of each plot were measured at 4 points plants from the soil surface to the top of the highest stems. On the basis of the data was calculated the average performance. Number of stems per plant. The number of stems per plant have established the amount of stems birdsfoot trefoil 1 m 2 at the time of harvesting crop. Dry mass yield (t/ha -1 ) The dry mass yield was determined by drying the medium samples (200 g) to constant weight at C. The yield was calculated by undergrowth have been grazed for each test year based on yield of green mass and dry matter percentage of the same. Statistical analysis The study included average data of the different characteristics by years. The average values (x) of the dry mass yield were [LIDANSKI, calculated 1988]. The degree of variation (CV) of parameters was determined though variation coefficient according to the scheme of Mamaev: up to 7% - very low, 7.1 to 12.0 % low, 12.1 to 20.0 % moderate; % high: over 40.0 % - very high. The data was processed by Microsoft Excel. The significant differences were determined by the methods of dispersion analysis. Results and discussion Plant height per year The main elements that determine the yield of dry mass were plant height and number of their main stems. According to the indicator plant height (Table 1) varieties and vary greatly over the years from the test period. The height of the plants was directly related to the climatic characteristics of the area. In the sowing year the lowest stems was obtained of a variety Zora (22.5 cm), and the highest in cultivar Dedinovskii (29.2 cm). The stems of plants of the varieties V. Podolyanskii (24.2 cm) and Targovishte 1 (24.7 cm), and the population originating Sadovo (24.9 cm) were with approximately similar heights. The Shumen and Nesebar were equally high (25.7 cm). The varieties Martanskii and Bokor also have approximately the same values, respectively 26.0 and 26.8 cm. The average height of all varieties and was 25.4 cm, with minimum and maximum 22.5 cm 29.2 cm. According to the variation coefficient value of the indicator stem height (CV = 6.73%) was set very low degree of variability in the pattern of Mamaev. In the second year of the test period the average height of plants in the tested samples reached 43.2 cm with a minimum value 37.7 (variety Smolenskii) and maximum 47.5 cm (Kiten population) and very low variability CV = 6.2. Except for variety Smolenskii stems of the plants tested in varieties and differ significantly in their height values. It ranges from 41.4 to 47.5 cm. During the third year the height of the stems noted significantly higher values than that measured in the remaining two years. The limits of variation values of plant height were lower than the heights in the previous two years CV = 5.2, the highest were the stems of a variety Zora (53.2 cm), while the lowest variety Smolenskii (43.2 cm). The average height at the tested varieties and ranged from 35.2 to 41.5 cm at a very low degree of variability in the values of the variational coefficient (CV = 3.8). 43

3 Table 1. Plant height per year (cm) Varieties and Mean for the period Targovishte 1 (St) Shumen, Nesebar Kiten Tryavna Sadovo Podolyanskii Dedinovskii Martanskii Zora Bokor Smolenskii X SD VC MIN MAX Number of stems per plant The density of the grass depends on the age of plants and climatic conditions. In the first year of the test period the lowest number stems was due to the slower pace of growth and development of the birdsfoot trefoil. The greatest range of the values of this indicator between the accessions was observed in 2008 (CV = 50.4) and significantly reduced over the next two years. The limit of variation was from 2 to 15, average value In the variation coefficient value of 50.4 was recorded very high degree of variability. The second year when the crop reaches its maximum productive capacity, the highest number of stems was obtained from variety DedinovskiI (42), followed by population Nessebar and variety Martanskii (38). Approximately similar values for the number of main stems were population Tryavna (31), variety Zora (31) and Sadovo (30) and variety Bokor (30) and Smolenskii (30). According to the variation value of the coefficient - CV = was found moderate variation in this indicator, with a mean value X = During the third year of the test period the density was significantly higher than that in the second year, because of exceptionally the good water supply in the months of formation of both cuts. The varieties Dedinovskii and 44 Martanskii were with the highest part of the stems in grass composition, respectively 75 and 70. Among the tested Nesebar and Kiten had the highest values (62 and 60). The limits of variation significantly superior to those in the second year, the coefficient of variation in value was approximately similar to that in the second year (VC = 21.81) to set a very high degree of variability. The average for the period the stems were from 23.7 to , as most they occurred in a variety Dedinovskii (44.0), Martanskii (37.7) and population Nesebar (37.0). The higher density of these samples was explained by their higher productivity. Dry mass yield In the sowing year the highest averages yield of dry mass was in variety Dedinovskiy (X = 5.33 t. ha -1 ), followed by variety Bokor (X = 5.10 t. ha -1 ). The Shumen and Sadovo, variety Bokor were characterized by moderate degree of variation, respectively variational coefficients VC , and All other accessions were a high volatility of this indicator. In the second year the highest yield notes variety Zora, where the average was 9.21 t. ha -1.The variety Bokor was the lowest yield of dry mass reported average values registered at X = 7.48 t. ha -1.

4 Banat s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Timisoara, Contact: web: bjb@usab-tm.ro Table 2. Number of stems per plant Varieties and Mean for the period Targovishte (St) Shumen, Nesebar Kiten Tryavna Sadovo Podolyanskii Dedinovskii Martanskii Zora Bokor Smolenskii X SD VC MIN MAX There was a significantly lower degree of variation in the values of the variational rate over the previous year. The variety standard was the low level of variation of VC , with average - of Shumen (VC ), Nesebar (VC ) and Kiten (VC ) and variety Podolyanskii (VC ) and Zora (VC ). All other accessions were a high degree of variation in productivity indicators. During the third year was highest Varieties and Targovishte productivity, while the lowest variation. The standard variety and population Tryavna were very low variability. All other varieties had average CV. The lowest productive was variety Bokor (X = t.ha -1 ), due to its poor adaptability to specific soil conditions and lower its productive potential. The variety Dedinovskii was characterized by rather higher productive potential (X = t.ha -1 ) and low variability in variational coefficient (VC ). Table 3. Variation of dry mass yield per year X SD VC X SD VC X SD VC (St) Shumen, Nesebar Kiten Tryavna Sadovo Podolyanskii Dedinovskii Martanskii Zora Bokor Smolenskii

5 The variation coefficient of the variety standard of this indicatorr showed very low value, (VC ). The Shumen, Tryavna, Sadovo and varieties Podolyanskii, Dedinovskii and Smolenskii were a low degree of variability and any other environment. Conclusions The highest forage productivity was obtained in variety Dedinovskii, under the soil and climatic conditions of Troyan. The variety was characterized by high stems and the highest number of main stems. The originating Nesebar and Kiten also realize high productivity. The lowest productive was obtained in the variety Zora, due to its poor adaptability to specific soil conditions and lower its productive potential. The third year of the experimental period was characterized by rather high productivity of all studied accessions. The average height of all varieties and was 25.4 cm, with minimum and maximum 22.5 cm 29.2 cm. According to the variation coefficient values of the indicator stem height (CV = 6.73%) was set very low variability. Average for the period of the investigation the values for the number of main stems varied from 23.7 to 44.0 and their maximum was observed in a variety Dedinovskii (44.0), Martanskii (37.7) and population Nessebar (37.0). The higher density of these accessions and explains their higher productivity. References 1. Adu K, N. Barry, R Wilson, D. Kemp, Evaluation of Lotus corniculatus for increasing pre-weaning growth of red and hybrid deer. J Agric Sciences; 131: Chourkova B (2011) Correlations dependence and degree of variation between yield and some morphological parameters in birdsfoot trefoil (Lous corniculatus L) accessions. Bulgarian journal of Agricultural Science, 17: Chourkova B., V. Lingorski, Characteristics of varieties and birdsfoot trefoil for seed yield under the soil and weather growing conditions of the Troyan region. Banat s Journal of Biotechnology, II, 4: Drobná J., Morphological variation in natural of Lotus corniculatus in association to geographical parameters of collecting sites. Biologia, 65, 2: Pecetti L, P. Annicchiarico, F. Battini, S. Cappelli, Adaptation of forage legume species and cultivars under grazing in two extensive livestock systems in Italy. European Journal of Agronomy, 30, 3; Lidanski T Statistical methods in biology and agriculture, Zemizdat, Sofia Hashiguchi M, Sh. Tsuruta, R Akashi, Morphological Traits of Lotus japonicus (Regal) Ecotypes Collected in Japan. Interdisciplinary Bio Central, 3, 4: McKenzie DB, YA. Papadopoulos, KB. McRae, Harvest management affects yield and persistence of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) in cool summer climates. Can J Plant Science, 84: Suginobu K, S. Suzuki, T. Komatsu, Evaluation of the characteristics in Miyakogusa (Lotus corniculatus L. var. japonicus Regal) 3. Characteristics of local strains collected from different regions in Japan. J Jpn Grassl Sci (in Japanese with English abstract),34: Swanson, E, B. Somers, T. Tomes, Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). Legumes and Oilseed Crops I. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry (Berlin: Springer) 10: Vuckovic S., I. Stojanovic, S. Prodanovic, B. Cupina, T. Zivanovic, S. Vojin, S. Jelacic Morphological and Nutritional Properties of Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) Autochthonous Populations in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution Vol. 54, 2: Received: March 29, 2012 Accepted: April 24,

Boriana Churkova Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture, 281, Vasil Levski str., Troyan, 5600, Bulgaria

Boriana Churkova Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture, 281, Vasil Levski str., Troyan, 5600, Bulgaria Productivity and Botanical Composition of a Mixed Sward of Birdsfoot Trefoil and Red Fescue Depending on the Term of Sowing and Proportion of Components Abstract The experiment includes the period 2010-2013.