India, Agriculture and ARD

Transcription

1 India, Agriculture and ARD Global Conference on Agricultural Research for Development S.K. Datta Deputy Director General Indian Council of Agricultural Research

2 Everything can wait but not agriculture Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru 1 st Prime Minister of India

3 INDIA TODAY 17% of the world s population & 11% livestock 4.2% of the world s water 2.4% of the world s area 51% arable land & 137% cropping intensity 140±2 m ha cultivated; only 60 mha irrigated <18% contribution to GDP but >52 % of workforce in agriculture

4 From Food Shortage to Food Security and a Major Exporter In 50s and 60 India was ship to mouth in response to food shortages In 1967, Mrs. Indira Gandhi embarked on bringing Food Security through Green revolution

5 From Food Shortage to Food Security Green Revolution had several components: Policy Minimum Support Price Subsidized inputs (Seed, Fertilizer,Pesticide, Energy, Water, Extension and New Knowldege) Public Distribution System Vitalizing Agricultural Research, Education and Extension System holistically

6 From Food Shortage to Food Security Results of intervention by mid-1970 s Greater impetus in Agricultural and Rural Development from VI five year plan Restructuring agricultural research system with new Institutional Interventions including building a cadre of agricultural scientists similar to Indian Civil Services Setting of National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

7 Role of new generation breeding in increasing food production *2020 Food grain production [mt] * Req Impact of genetic improvement Increase in production Food grains : 4X Milk : 6X Horticultural : 6X Meat : 8X Fish : 9X

8 Food demand in India Items Production (Mt) Demand of Food (Mt) Demand of Food (Mt) 2000/ Rice 85.4/ Wheat 71.0/ Coarse grains 29.9/ Food grains 200.8/ Pulses 16.1/ Source: State of Indian Agriculture, 2009 ICAR-08-09

9 Current Strengths Indian Agricultural Research System has: 98 Research Institutes with Project Directorates, Bureaus etc with 3 New Institutes for Biotic and Abiotic Stress Management and Agricultural Biotechnology 45 State Agricultural Universities and 1 Central Agricultural University

10 Current Strengths More than 3000 Scientists and Technicians in the Research System 579 Krishi Vikas Kendras which link research and innovation at Farmer Field level State sponsored large extension Services Very strong Civil Society Organization, Cooperative and Private Sector

11 Scientific Achievement Plant and animal sciences Rank papers citations growth citations/paper PR China 12th % 4.8 Brazil 17th % 3.4 India 20th % 2.8 South Africa 23rd % 5.5 Russia 33rd % 3.8 Turkey 36th % 2.2

12 Scientific Achievement Environment/ecology Rank papers citations growth citations/paper PR China 10th % 6.0 Brazil 20th % 8.0 India 21st % 5.3 South Africa 22nd % 9.6 Turkey 33rd % 4.3 Russia 34th % 5.6

13 Scientific Achievement and Trend Agricultural Sciences Citations number rs France China India Brasil years Periods

14 Scientific Achievement Rank Country Papers Citations Citations Per Paper 1 USA 40, , SPAIN 11,584 81, ENGLAND 7,589 74, FRANCE 8,639 70, GERMANY 10,651 64, CANADA 7,662 59, JAPAN 11,668 54, AUSTRALIA 7,353 50, ITALY 6,719 48, NETHERLANDS 4,272 42, DENMARK 2,733 26, PEOPLES R CHINA 6,350 26, INDIA 10,306 25, BELGIUM 2,822 24, BRAZIL 8,225 21, SWEDEN 2,119 20, SWITZERLAND 2,327 20, FINLAND 1,794 19, SCOTLAND 1,762 19, NEW ZEALAND 2,838 19,

15 EXISTING APPROACHES Enhance research capacity and international collaboration, particularly regional. Development of climate responsive crops and land use systems. Keep research outputs in public domain. Strengthen institutions : Establish an Agricultural Intelligence System; Weather watch groups ; Increase pest surveillance. Aggressive capacity building and human resource development. Improve land/resource use policy : Increase soil carbon: minimal tillage, residue management; Improve management of water and fertilizers; Improve energy use efficiency in agriculture: better designs of machinery, and by conservation practices. Multiple use of water & enhance water productivity. Act as hub for regional growth.

16 (Challenges ahead) Ca 140 Agri-land remain fixed for the past 3 decades (still 3% global land provide food for 17% world population) Cropping intensity increased only 25% Lack of quality seeds production (only 20% breeders seeds converted) Productivity of food crops remain stagnant over past 3 decades (all over the world) Shortages of pulses is alarming

17 Global Climate Change C4 crop (Rice) with drought/salinity/submergence tolerance is achievable

18 Deficit of 61.1% green fodder, 21.9% dry and 64% feeds Livestock most economically important sub- sector. Meat and milk consumption in India likely to grow at 5.03 and 3.18% per annum. India accounts world s 15% of the total livestock population dependent upon 2% of geographical area. Livestock population million, expected growth rate of 1.23% in the coming years

19 Breeding Crop varieties for uncertain abiotic stress conditions Early maturity Early or late sown plants with high/low temperature tolerance with water use efficiency Dynamic crop-calendar in response to Environment

20 Cutting edge technology (such as biotech, transgenic) to develop new varieties much more quickly and with desired traits of yield and resistance to abiotic stress. to manage water, fertilizer and pesticide use. to arrest soil degradation. WAY AHEAD R&D efforts will have to concentrate on poor and vulnerable regions. these regions will be the first one (& worst) to be affected by climate change and will be the lab for technologies development. technologies developed will be useful for other regions. Cutting edge technologies would need collaboration with developed countries. All these will require intensive national and international effort including investment.

21 Gene discovery, Allele mining Designer Crops in Designer Agriculture

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23 WHAT INDIA HAS TO OFFER? Co-operation in Capacity Building and Human Resource Development (Strong institutional facilities). Opportunities for Joint Research Projects, particularly in mitigating aspects of Climate stress (Unique lab because of wide spectrum of climatic regions). Partnerships in Genomics,Trans-Boundary Disease Monitoring and Managing Biodiversity of crops, vegetables & fisheries Opportunities for Germplasm & technology exchange.

24 THANK YOU