Gender, Innovation, Adoption, Business: Adaptation, Investment Decision-making, and Agriculture. Joyce Cacho Principal, Adinura Advisory, LLC

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1 Gender, Innovation, Adoption, Business: Adaptation, Investment Decision-making, and Agriculture Joyce Cacho Principal, Adinura Advisory, LLC

2 2/25 OUTLINE A. Accountability B. Investment decision-making C. Prioritizing rural areas D. Women in markets E. Conclusion

3 3/25 Data - Climate Shocks Percent of households that experienced shock in the last 5 years Source: IFPRI-AEMFI ANY SHOCK DROUGHT FLOOD ERRATIC RAINFALL FIRE LANDSLIDE HAILSTORM

4 Data - Coping Strategies 4/25 Source: IFPRI-AEMFI Who implemented coping strategies? (percent) [VALUE] Sold livestock Borrowed from relatives HH head migrated to other rural area 28 Sought off-farm employment Ate less Ate different foods Sold crops Male family member Female family member Husband and wife Household

5 Data - Perceptions of Climate Change 5/25 Source: IFPRI-AEMFI 2013 Perceived climate changes (percent) RAINFALL DECREASING RAINS COME LATER MORE HOT DAYS RAINS ARE MORE ERRATIC RAINS COME EARLIER LONGER PERIODS OF DROUGHT MORE FREQUENT DROUGHT MORE COLD DAYS MORE FREQUENT FLOODING LESS FREQUENT FLOODS RAINFALL INCREASING LESS FREQUENT DROUGHT MORE FREQUENT STORMS LESS FREQUENT STORMS

6 How well informed are you about CC? 6/25 Source: IFPRI-AEMFI 2013 Household heads Spouses NOT AT ALL INFORMED NOT VERY INFORMED AVERAGELY INFORMED RELATIVELY WELL INFORMED VERY WELL INFORMED

7 Data Access to Information 7/25 Source: IFPRI-AEMFI 2013 Information on processing and adding value 8 14 Information on marketing Information on tree management and agroforestry Information on livestock production Information on crop production Information on climate change Forecast for the start of the rains (seasonal forecasts) Forecast of extreme events (e.g. drought and flood) Spouses Household heads

8 Data Use of Information 8/25 Source: IFPRI-AEMFI 2013 Information on processing and adding value added Information on marketing of crop/livestock Information on tree management and agroforestry Information on livestock production and management Information on crop production and management Information on climate change Forecast for the start of the rains (seasonal forecasts) Forecast of extreme events (e.g. drought and flood) Spouses Household heads

9 Data Reasons for Not Adapting (%) 9/25 Source: IFPRI-AEMFI 2013 Think that the practice might not work Inputs not available Resources not available Don t see the need Not enough labor Not enough money 3 20 Don t know what to do Spouses Household heads

10 Data Adaptation Strategies Adopted (%) 10/25 Source: IFPRI-AEMFI 2013 PLANT TREES IMPLEMENT SWC CHANGE CROP VARIETY INCREASE FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS CHANGE CROP TYPE CHANGE FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS SEEK OFF FARM EMPLOYMENT CHANGE PLANTING DATES SUPPLEMENT LIVESTOCK FEEDS USE MORE WATER FOR IRRIGATION DECREASE AMOUNT OF LAND UNDER PRODUCTION Spouses Household heads

11 Planned Adaptation Strategies (%) 11/25 Source: IFPRI-AEMFI 2013 IMPLEMENT SWC INCREASE PLANTING OF TREES PLANT TREES INCREASE FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS USE MORE WATER FOR IRRIGATION CHANGE CROP VARIETY INCREASE THE NUMBER OF LIVESTOCK PLANT INDIGENOUS CROPS INCREASE AMOUNT OF LAND UNDER PRODUCTION MIX CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION CHANGE CROP TYPE SUPPLEMENT LIVESTOCK FEEDS CHANGE FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS CHANGE FROM LIVESTOCK TO CROP PRODUCTION CHANGE PLANTING DATES BUILD A WATER HARVESTING SCHEME Spouses Household heads

12 Desired Adaptation Strategies (%) 12/25 Source: IFPRI-AEMFI 2013 USE MORE WATER FOR IRRIGATION INCREASE THE NUMBER OF LIVESTOCK INCREASE AMOUNT OF LAND UNDER PRODUCTION INCREASE FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS INCREASE PLANTING OF TREES IMPLEMENT SWC BUILD A WATER HARVESTING SCHEME PLANT TREES CHANGE CROP VARIETY CHANGE ANIMAL BREEDS SUPPLEMENT LIVESTOCK FEEDS CHANGE CROP TYPE CHANGE FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS Spouses Household heads

13 13/25 OUTLINE A. Accountability B. Investment decision-making C. Prioritizing rural areas D. Women in markets E. Conclusion

14 14/25 Respecting what is inspected Intention in Climate Change responses Monitoring & Evaluation Project planning Engaging all stakeholders Same for private and public sectors Improved opportunity for synergy from coordination

15 15/25 OUTLINE A. Accountability B. Investment decision-making C. Prioritizing rural areas D. Women in markets E. Conclusion

16 Farmers, Industry, Financiers and Government 16/25 Risk management strategies linked to market fences Seeking a return on investment (ROI) that covers current costs and build assets to continue growing the business The better and more timely the information the sharper the decision-making

17 17/25 OUTLINE A. Accountability B. Investment decision-making C. Prioritizing rural areas D. Women in markets E. Conclusion

18 18/25 Climate Change, Rural areas, Women Rural areas in emerging market, frontier, and developing economies are dominated by smallholder farmers mostly women, with youth supplementing labor needs at planting and harvesting times Historically men in these regions are the first to migrate to urban and peri-urban areas valued as income earners (typically generated from employment in service industry, extractive industry, or large scale farming of cash crops)

19 19/25 Climate Change, Rural areas, Women Knowledge of women, smallholder farmers Include farming practices and systems that have been handed down through generations that can be the cornerstone of Climate Change adaptation innovation Underscores reasoning to focus on strengthening rural economies because we are relying heavily on this group of citizens to be stewards of water systems, soil quality, vegetation for carbon sequestration Consistent supply source for increasing food demand - - globally

20 20/25 OUTLINE A. Accountability B. Investment decision-making C. Prioritizing rural areas D. Women in markets E. Conclusion

21 Inclusive markets and Climate Change 21/25 Means making it less costly for informal market participants to join formal markets Requires moving to building on groups + finance, such as Rural Savings and Credit Cooperative Organizations (RuSACCOs) Trade facilitation that acknowledges low volume, seasonal, high volume border trade Capacity building of leadership by women in finance, industry, parliament, judiciary, head of state Focus on applied sciences, entrepreneurship from innovation as anchors of quality education

22 22/25 OUTLINE A. Accountability B. Investment decision-making C. Prioritizing rural areas D. Women in markets E. Conclusion

23 23/25 Collaboration, Coordination, Governance 1. Pressing levers simultaneously, in several markets local knowledge, innovation, credit, weather and extension services information, trade targeting women, is pivotal to transformative, adaptative responses to Climate Change. 2. Data collection disaggregated by gender, supporting investing that strengthens rural economies is a critical step in addressing gender in Climate Change investing.

24 Collaboration, Coordination, Governance 24/25 3. Prioritizing Integrated Reporting (combined financial and sustainability reporting) is an essential building block in going beyond the quantity of investment.to valuing how investments support dampening the impact of Climate Change by rewarding a longer-term focus and valuing communities.

25 Joyce Cacho Principal, Adinura Advisory, LLC kea leboga Murakoze on jaaraama Рахмет! Siyabonga Okuhepa tangi N'itumezi merci አመሰግናለሁ nagode may-dah-say Thank you! ngiyabonga شكرا gracias! oh-yeh-rah-don Jai-rruh-jef asante oṣeun na-ekeleunu eio ndatenda dankie Natotela oh-yeh-rah-don Enkosi kea leboha mahadsanid sağolun ধনয ব দ obrigado Zikomo naagoodee

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