Legislation on biosafety and regional coordination of biosafety regulations. The Case of West African Countries

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1 Legislation on biosafety and regional coordination of biosafety regulations The Case of West African Countries Dr. Siaka Dembélé Regional Biosafety Coordinator INSAH/CILSS, Bamako Mali Bt Cotton Workshop Ouagadougou October 29-31, 2007

2 REPORT PLAN 1. Introduction 2. Legislation on Biosafety in WA 3. Regional Biosafety Coordination Justifications and Basic Principles Common Biosafety Regulation for WA 4. Perspectives and Conclusions

3 Introduction Signature and ratification of PC by the majority of WA countries since its adoption in on January 29, 2000 in Montreal (13/17) Did not sign or ratify: Côte d Ivoire Guinea (not ratified) Guinea Bissau Sierra Leone

4 Introduction UNEP-GEF Project beginning in 2004 National Biosafety Frameworks Proposed draft of the law on biosafety

5 Situation in Sahelian Countries 1/2 Burkina Faso and Nigeria: law adopted and CNB in place (NBA) Drafts of laws and CNB: Mali, Senegal, Ghana, Niger, Côte d Ivoire, etc. Laws not yet adopted and decrees to establish the CNB not taken in some countries In nearly all cases, the CNBs are not operational Other countries at the beginning of the process: Cape Verde, Chad, Mauritania

6 Situation in Sahelian Countries 1/2 Different assessments of the countries regarding the concept of genetically modified organisms Some examples: Benin: end of a 5-year moratorium Burkina has introduced several Bt cotton events and is in the field testing stage Mali: civil company regularly questioning the authorities

7 Situation in the Countries 2/2 National Capacity Capacity for reliable traceability Countries have laboratories somewhat equipped: Burkina Faso, Mali, Côte d Ivoire, Senegal, Nigeria, Ghana Low level of training.

8 Regional Biosafety Approach Why? Peasant farmers from the same regional area Plant the same basic crops, Fight similar diseases and pests, Face the same abiotic constraints. The context of economic integration of our states Countries alone are limited

9 Regional Biosafety Approach Strong Recommendation By the PC (Article 14): Countries can enter into bi- and multilateral agreements on movements of genetically modified organisms, and regional biosafety systems. UNEP-GEF Project: Important role of regional approaches in biosafety and encouragement of regional and subregional cooperation

10 Advantages of Regional Approach to Biosafety Motivation: Seek efficiency in the implementation of biosafety actions through: Reducing disparities between neighboring countries with regard to the implementation of regulations Greater efficiency and economies of scale in the assessment of risks Sharing costs

11 Advantages of Regional Approach to Biosafety (cont.) Capitalize on scientific and administrative expertise Process files by creating unique point of entry Additional weight in decision making Greater transparency of the countries in the use of GM varieties and more confidence in decisions, which were approved through a regional mechanism

12 Advantages of Regional Approach to Biosafety (cont.) Facilitation of international trade: ECOWAS and UEMOA treaty on the free circulation of goods Only way possible for access to seeds from some countries and even more advantages

13 Dimensions of Regional Approach to Biosafety Two Levels Targeted: Regional: Common biosafety regulations to which the countries adhere National: National regulations coordinated amongst each other and in phase with the common regulations

14 Responsibilities between the Levels Important Question: sharing of responsibilities Concerning: Authorizations to be granted for introductions and use in confined areas, Use in open areas, Authorization for direct use (food, etc.), Assessment of the risks, etc.

15 Responsibilities of the Levels Possible Figures: More responsibility on the regional level (case of the European Union) More responsibility on the national level (case of the regulations proposed for Sahelian countries) Sharing between the two levels.

16 Biosafety Initiatives in WA Biosafety initiative for CILSS countries (2003) ECOWAS program for biotechnology and biosafety (2007) UEMOA biosafety program (2007)

17 A Long Process: CILSS Countries Began in 2002: on instruction of heads of state Resulted in the establishment of a Framework convention on biosafety and a Regional Biosafety Framework adopted in March 2006 by the CILSS Extension to all 17 countries of WA and Chad underway

18 Biosafety Convention for CILSS Countries Common biosafety regulations driven by national biosafety systems Coordination of the national texts A policy of reinforcing the capacity of national biosafety organizations

19 Institutional Framework Regional Level Regional Coordination: Regional biosafety committee Comprised of national representatives, international experts, representatives of consumers, international research institutes, the private sector, etc. Responsible for implementing the framework convention

20 Institutional Framework National Level Competent national authority Intersectorial national coordination etablished by the ANC: Responsible for ensuring coordination and monitoring of the implementation of this convention and national texts Comprised of representatives from the public sector, scientific and professional organizations, NGOs and local communities.

21 Decision-making Competence 1/3 1) Authorizations for use in confined areas and experiments in the field Countries with national regulations: are responsible for granting authorization, with notification of the decision to the CRB

22 Decision Making and Competences of the National and Regional Levels 2/3 Authorizations for use in confined areas and experiments in the field (2) For countries without regulations: decisions made by the CRB.

23 Decision Making and Competences of the National and Regional Levels 3/3 2) Applications for authorization of voluntary spread or marketing The ANC gives a ruling for the country involved in the application The CRB gives a ruling for marketing in other countries

24 Implementation Perspectives For CILSS Countries For CILSS countries: implmentation of the CRB planned for 2008 For all ECOWAS Countries Extension of the approach planned in the scope of the biotechnology and biosafety plan of action

25 Aw ni sè! Thank you for your attention!

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