TOWARDS RESILIENT CITIES

Transcription

1 TOWARDS RESILIENT CITIES Dr Jyoti K Parikh Rohit Magotra Regional Policy Dialogue on Sustainable Urbanization in South Asia 18th December, 2014, Le Meridien Hotel, New Delhi

2 Thematic Areas of Work Energy and Power System Urban Infrastructure and Services Climate Change and Environment Poverty Alleviation and Gender Agriculture and Food Security

3 Centre of Excellence- Urban Development & Climate Change As a CoE Urban Development and Climate Change OF CENTRE 1. Climate Change and Urban Resilience 2. Disaster Management & Vulnerability Assessment EXECELLENCE 3. Urban Development and services

4 Geographical coverage - CoE 4

5 Sustainable and Disaster Resilient cities 10 cities study 10 Cities selected on the basis of different ecosystems and regions East India- Guwahati, Shillong West India- Pune, Ahmadabad, Bhopal South India- Vishakhapatnam, Hyderabad, Bhubaneswar North India- Dehradun, Srinagar

6 Hazards: Physical and Meteorological Indicators H Temperature (Maximum. Minimum) Precipitation (Maximum. Minimum) Mean Sea Level Frequency of Drought Frequency of Floods Frequency of Cyclones

7 Infrastructure and Urban Services I Water supply Solid Sewerage system Waste management Storm water drainage Transportation Power Housing

8 Governance- Institutions G Participatory Transparency Accountability Response efficiency and capability Innovative financing

9 Socio-Economic Indicators S Demographic composition (Sex-Ratio, age structure) Slum Population (Poverty status) Literacy rate Migration flow Urbanisation trend and urban sprawl

10 Exposure to Hazards of the Cities Sl. No Variables High Medium Low Index Details and Remarks Vulnerability Assessment Matrix for Ahmedabad City 1.1 Earthquakes Seismic Zone III 1.2 Landslides No records 1.3 Urban Floods Incidence of urban floods every two to three years. 1.4 Cyclones According to the wind and cyclone zoning United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) report Ahmedabad lies in the "very high damage risk". 1.5 Water scarcity (days/occurrences) Incidence of water scarcity in Heat Waves (Temp crossing 40 0 C and number of occurrences) Existing records indicate that average summer temperatures are increasing, 1.7 Industrial Hazards/Fire High concentration of MAH units in Ahmedabad Vulnerability Assessment Matrix for Pune City 2.1 Earthquakes Seismic Zone III 2.2 Landslides Landslides incidence in Urban Floods Yearly occurrence and high frequency 2.4 Water scarcity (days/occurrences) Yearly occurrence and in winter months 2.5 Heat Waves (Temp crossing 40 0 C and number of occurrences) Gradually intensity is increasing 2.6 Industrial Hazards/Fire Rarely occurs low frequency Vulnerability Assessment Matrix for Bhopal City 3.1 Earthquakes Bhopal lies in Zone II 3.2 Landslides City not prone to landslides 3.3 Urban Floods 3.4 Cyclones City not prone to cyclones Flooding occurred in and 2006 due to heavy rains 3.5 Heat Waves (Temp crossing 40 0 C and number of City vulnerable to heat waves. occurrences) 3.6 Water Scarcity(days/occurrences) Severe water crisis in 2002 and Industrial Hazards City vulnerable to industrial hazards due to presence of many industries

11 Exposure to Hazards of the Cities Sl. No Variables High Medium Low Index Details and Remarks Vulnerability Assessment Matrix for Vishakhapatnam City 4.1 Earthquakes Seismic Zone III 4.2 Landslides Outside the city areas 4.3 Cyclones High frequency 4.4 Urban Floods Frequency of urban floods and water logging is high. 4.5 Water scarcity Periodic and in winter months 4.6 Heat Waves Gradually intensity is increasing 4.7 Industrial Hazards/Fire Tendency to occur with high impact Vulnerability Assessment Matrix for Hyderabad City 5.1 Earthquakes Seismic Zone II &III 5.2 Landslides No incidence reported 5.3 Hail storms Incidence reported in 2012, 2013, Urban Floods Regular occurrence and high frequency 5.5 Water scarcity (days/occurrences) High occurrence 5.6 Heat Waves (Temp crossing 40 0 C and number of occurrences) Gradually intensity is increasing Vulnerability Assessment Matrix for Bhubaneswar City 6.1 Earthquakes Seismic Zone III 6.2 Landslides No incidence reported 6.3 Cyclone High Frequency 6.4 Urban Floods Yearly occurrence and high frequency 6.5 Water scarcity (days/occurrences) No incidence reported 6.6 Heat Waves (Temp crossing 40 0 C and number of occurrences) Peak temperature in summer goes up to 46 degrees. 6.7 Industrial Hazards/Fire Rarely occurs low frequency

12 Exposure to Hazards of the Cities Sl. No Variables High Medium Low Index Details and Remarks Vulnerability Assessment Matrix for Guwahati City 7.1 Earthquakes Seismic Zone V 7.2 Landslides Low occurrence & loss of life and infrastructure 7.3 Urban Floods Yearly occurrence and high frequency 7.4 Thunderstorms Yearly occurrence and damage to houses 7.5 Water scarcity Yearly occurrence and in winter months 7.6 Heat Waves Gradually the intensity is increasing 7.7 Industrial Hazards/Fires Yearly and high frequency Vulnerability Assessment Matrix for Shillong City 8.1 Earthquakes Seismic Zone V 8.2 Landslides Yearly occurrence & Loss of life and infrastructure 8.3 Urban Floods Yearly occurrence and high frequency 8.4 Thunderstorms Yearly occurrence and damage to houses 8.5 Cold waves/water scarcity - Yearly occurrence in winter months 8.6 Heat waves (Temp crossing 40 0 C and number of occurrences) - No data available

13 Exposure to Hazards of the Cities Sl. No Variables High Medium Low Index Details and Remarks Vulnerability Assessment Matrix for Srinagar City 9.1 Earthquakes Seismic Zone V 9.2 Landslides Occurrence outside city areas 9.3 Urban Floods The occurrence of the floods is not a very common phenomena but the impact is very high, the recent flooding in Srinagar has proved that the city is vulnerable to flooding Yearly occurrence and in winters due to freezing 9.4 Water scarcity temperatures as well as in summers the city face water scarcity due to lack of piped water coverage 9.5 Cold Wave/ Yearly occurrence 9.6 Industrial Hazards/Fire Rarely occurs low frequency Vulnerability Assessment Matrix for Dehradun City 10.1 Earthquakes Dehradun lies in Zone IV 10.2 Landslides Minor landslides are normal, on 26th July, 2009 landslide at Shahtra dhara region 10.3 Urban Floods Water logging occurs every year due to poor drainage system Cold wave/ Frequent cold waves during every winter season Water Scarcity City not prone to water scarcity Many minor incidences of forest fires happened in the 10.6 Industrial Hazards /Forest Fires recent years, but due to adequate moisture in the air no major incidence

14 Key findings. Fully functioning and sustainable cities more likely to be resilient faster. Concentrated in areas exposed to hazards related to climatic events, they are more vulnerable. Inadequacy of the existing urban infrastructure, the poor management and governance, reduce the city s ability to cope and respond quickly to extreme events. Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) & Sustainable Urban Development strategies this involves measuring and monitoring of service delivery. Resource allocation: Currently, there are no specific agencies or institutions at the city level that oversee main streaming of sustainable and resilient measures ; managing climate change knowledge; or disseminating climate/disaster related information to the general public

15 Recommendations to become resilient Road map for achieving Service Level Benchmarks is required for each city. Investment plan required. Prioritize a climate resilient agenda : Cities need to identify priority activities that respond to their urgent needs for adaptation to climate change. Rejuvenation of water bodies: Restoration may also help overcome the growing water scarcity also the risk of flooding can be reduced. Drought and floods can be addressed simultaneously if we look after urban lakes, ponds and wetlands. Climate conscious development and spatial planning: Development planning that incorporates climate change and variability is essential and this should apply to institutions and governments alike. 15

16 Climate Resilience Plan Development - State / Regional Vulnerability assessment of cities at the city level Incorporation of prudent climate and disaster resilient plan into City Development Plan & Master Plan Strengthen strategic Role of ULBs to bring more investment Mainstreaming of climate concerns in many other related initiatives

17 Centre of Excellence Urban Development and Climate Change Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India For more information, at I 17