Teagasc Crops Forum Shay Phelan 07/9/2016
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1 Teagasc Crops Forum 2016 Shay Phelan 07/9/2016
2 Agenda Quick review 2016 harvest Planning for 2017 Autumn Agronomy Rotations Seed rates Autumn diseases
3 Winter Crops 2016 Many challenges Waterlogging Late applications of fertiliser Cold spring Grass weeds Wet weather at flowering BYDV Fusarium Take-all Winter Barley Reduced tiller numbers Reduced grain numbers Lower yield
4 Crop margins 2016 Yield T/ha Wheat Barley Oats OSR Yield T/Ha * 123* * Breakeven yield T/ha * Average yield 2016 Margins based on current grain prices & incl. straw sales (Barley 125/t, Wheat 135/t) Land rental excluded
5 Crop planning for 2017 Potential margin 5 year averages Place in rotation Soil suitability Workload Three crop rule/greening
6 Outlook for 2017 harvest Reasons to be optimistic Fertilizer price drop Energy costs Increasing demand Global use up 3.2 m tonnes High yield potential Possible reduced area
7 Outlook for 2017 harvest Reasons to be worried Record world harvest Poor quality in Europe Brexit Exchange rate Expensive land leases Outlook for alternatives Russian exports
8 World Markets Source USDA
9 World Wheat prices since 2006
10 Tonnes per ha Crop margins 2017 Winter Winter Winter Winter Wheat Barley Oats OSR Margin per hectare Tonnes per ha Cost per tonne Prices Nov 2017: Green wheat 140, Green Barley 130, OSR 350
11 Rotations Three crop rule Advantages Disadvantages Disease control Weed control Alternative markets Workload First cereals (Wheat yields11% higher) Legumes fix nitrogen Profitability of break crop Pests Over supply Options Oats Oilseed rape?? Winter beans
12 Wheat Yield (t/ha): all years 10% yield increase = extra 140/ha 12 Yield (t/ha) CR: +9% BC: +2% CR: +17% BC: +18% High Low 4 BC CR CW 2 0 Knockbeg systems trials
13 Wheat Margin ( /ha): all years /ha BC CR CW High Low
14
15 Winter Barley seed rates 2016/2017 Sept- 3 Sowing date (week) Target plants m2.sowing seeds m2 % Establishment KWS Tower KWS Cassia Leibniz KWS Infinity Volume * Quadra* rd % Sept 4 th st Oct st1 Oct 2 Oct 1 nd Oct 3 rd Oct % % 85% % % % TGW Kg/ha rd st/ac KWS Tower KWS Cassia Leibniz KWS Infinity Volume * Quadra* Available on
16 Winter Wheat 2016/2017 Sept- 3 Sowing date (week) Target plants m2 Sowing Seeds m2 % Establishment TGW* rd Sept 4 th Oct 1 st nd rd Oct 2 Oct 3 Oct 4 rd Nov 1 rd Nov 2 rd Nov % Kg/ha % % % % % % % % JB Diego Avitar Dunmore KWS Lumos Leeds Weaver Monterery Garrus KWS Lilli Rockefeller JB Diego Avitar Dunmore KWS Lumos Leeds Weaver Monterery Garrus KWS Lilli Rockefeller st/ac rd
17 Winter oats 2016/2017 Sowing date (week) Oct 1st Oct 2nd Oct 3rd Oct 4rd Nov 1rd Nov 2rd Target plants 350 m Sowing Seeds m % Establishment 80% 75% 75% 70% 65% 60% TGW* Kg/ha Barra Huskey Vodka Barra 47.5 st/ac Huskey Vodka
18 Diseases/Viruses Fusarium species Take-all Septoria BYDV
19 Fusarium Microdochium Nivale seedling infection Reduced germination Reduced vigour Life cycle
20 Fusarium Control measures Use Certified seed Germination tests Seed dressings Rotation Maize
21 Take-all Can cause substantial yield losses in certain years Source AHDB
22 Take-all
23 Take-all Chemical control Seed treatment Highest responses in 2nd Wheat Effect of Latitude on 2nd wheat in Oak Park Cultural control Avoid highly susceptible years Crop rotation Destroy volunteers & grasses early Early ploughing delayed drilling Good seed bed consolidation Early nitrogen in the spring Avoid lighter soils Source AHDB
24 Septoria Poor stubble hygiene Volunteers Early drilling Susceptible varieties Control options limited!! Avoid planting continuous fields early with very susceptible varieties
25 BYDV Grain Aphid (Sitobion Avenae) Confirmed resistance to pyrethroids in some fields Need to check crops post application Cultural control Clean stubble before preparing seedbed. Leave at least five weeks between ploughing and sowing the new crop Consider applying a desiccant herbicide if cultivation to sowing interval is less than five weeks
26 BYDV control BYDV management in 2016 Crop BYDV risk Sept drilled winter cereals High Control Actions 1. Seed treatment Or Comments Even when aphid and virus occurrence high, NO benefit from extra sprays Apply pyrethroid* at 2/3 leaf stage Followed by: 1. Mid Oct drilled winter cereals Winter cereals emerging after end Nov Medium to High Pyrethroid* in early November Seed Treatment Or V. low Pyrethroid* 1st week Nov (no later/second spray needed) No treatment necessary (except in mild winters when aphids are plentiful) Late spraying of previously unsprayed crops can be beneficial when virus is widespread
27 Summary Good planning for harvest 2017 Decisions made now will have an impact at harvest Rotations can play an important role in field performance Disease control starts before the crop is sown
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