LINSEED : PRODUCTION IN EUROPE AND POTENTIALITIES FOR THE FUTURE
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1 LINSEED : PRODUCTION IN EUROPE AND POTENTIALITIES FOR THE FUTURE 3 rd Thematic workshop of Crops2industry EU Project Bordeaux, February 18 th, 2011 Françoise LABALETTE (ONIDOL) 1
2 Production in Europe 2
3 Linseed : an original crop Linseed or flaxseed crop (winter and spring types) : well adapted to cultivation under temperate climates (Europe, northern American continent) Grown mainly for the grain production (+ potential by-product = fibres of the straw) # Flaxseed which is cultivated mainly for textile fibres ( + by-product = seeds) Small size seeds (thousand seed weigh : 5 to 10 g) High oil content of the seeds (38-40 % at 9% of humidity) and interesting % protein content (22 %) Very high linolenic or omega 3 content (> 54%) rapeseed sunflower linseed soybean palm palmitic acid stearic acid oleic acid linoleic acid alpha linolenic acid 3
4 Usages of linseed crop are linked to the omegas 3 content Traditional outlets in Europe : Oil : omega 3 = great siccativity and reactivity of the oil => linoleum, paints, inks for industrial non food markets Meal : appreciated by the farmers for cattle feeding in western Europe (France = first consumer) Emerging new markets in Europe based on the whole seeds valorisation in the feed and food industries : Omega 3 = nutritional properties - Feeding : omega 3 enhancement of the lipid fraction of animal products (eggs, milk, meat..) thanks to the introduction of extruded linseed grains in feed formulations in order to increase the linolenic acid intake of the population - Food : Lin seeds grain incorporation in bread, cakes.. to be directly consumed 4
5 Linseed production in the world 2% 4% 4% 7% 19% 38% 8% 18% Total = 2,38 Millions tons Canada China USA India EU Russia Argentina Others Linseed production in the world in 2009 source : Oil World and et bulletins Agriculture Canada 2010 Minor crop : 1% of the oilseed crops total surface around the world Canada : most important Linseed producer ( ha harvested, 1,4 t/ha in 2009) and first ranking Linseed exporting country 5
6 European Union : most important linseed consumer in the world Attempts to outlets breakdown in tons of seeds (informal data and information provided by the operators, Onidol Linseed study, summer 2008) Crushing (Benelux, Germany) 440 to tons Feeding (as whole seeds) 100 to tons Food (direct human consumption of seeds) TOTAL EU tons? 540 to tons NB : Lin Oil use in human food is supposed to be still weak in Europe 6
7 The European linseed production cannot meet so far the local industrial needs 21% Linseed acreage in the EU27 in % total surface : ha 39% 5% 5% 13% Belgium France Germany Sweden England Others Sources : Eurostat, Oil World 2010 UE : small seeds producer ( tons in 2009, i.e. less than 20% of the needs) because of : - Low surfaces - Low yield (1.5 t average in 2009) England : first European producer France : variable and quite low production : 1992/2010 average acreage = ha/year, mean yield 2005/2009 = 2.1 t/ha/y 7
8 01/90 07/90 01/91 07/91 01/92 07/92 01/93 07/93 01/94 07/94 01/95 07/95 01/96 07/96 01/97 07/97 01/98 07/98 01/99 07/99 01/00 07/00 01/01 07/01 01/02 07/02 01/03 07/03 01/04 07/04 01/05 07/05 01/06 07/06 01/07 07/07 01/08 07/08 01/09 07/09 01/10 07/10 European Union depends on world supply EU : strong dependence on extra- EU imports for its Lindseeds industry ( tons a year) Most imports coming from Canada, but recent increasing role of the eastern countries (Russia, Ukraine..) UE Linseeds imports in 2009 ( tons) 5% 16% 0% 79% Canada USA Russie Ukraine Source : Oil World 2010 Seeds prices ( /T ) High volatility of the Linseed prices Huge sensitivity to seeds offer variations (great impact of Canada supply) Linseed N.W Europe Soybean US cif Rott. Source : Oil World
9 Potentialities for the future 9
10 nombre de rotations Linseed : an environmental friendly crop 1) good solution for longer crops rotations rotation sans lin (93 rotations) rotation avec lin (90 rotations) 124 Enquêtes producteurs Lin Oléagineux CETIOM ans 4 ans 5 ans 6 ans et durée des rotations plus Source : 124 farmers survey; CETIOM 2009 Thanks to linseed crop, short rotation decreases of 20 % in our study Linseed introduction can contribute to diversify, decrease chemical inputs and to cut weeds, fungi cycles of the dominating cultivation of the area (cereals, rapeseed..) 10
11 Linseed : an environmental friendly crop 2) good economical impacts on the following wheat crop marge brute du blé (euros/ha) charges opérationnelles du blé (euros/ha) margin of the wheat (euros/ha) Operational costs of the wheat (euros/ha) 1200 /ha t/ha 8.2 t/ha 8 t/ha blé Wheat de lin after blé Wheat de colza after blé Wheat de blé after wheat Linseed 8 rapeseed Wheat rendement yield du blé according en fonction to du the précédent previous (qx/ha) crop (t/ha) x = nombre number de of data références Intervalle 95% of the de observed confiance situations : 95% des situations rencontrées Technical-economical study 2009 CETIOM / Graine de Lin 28 Linseed as previous crop lead to express productivity gains (+0.3 to 0.5 t/ha) and increased economical results on the following cultivated wheat (less operational costs due to lower inputs of herbicides, fungicides, and nitrogen fertilizer) 11
12 Feed and food markets are able to pusch on production chain, the French example 50 % of the linseed in France is produced under contract, IP process including quality requirements (like 3 content) Major outlet for the linseed cultivated in France : use as whole seed for animal feeding and then naturally 3 enhancement of the related food products Outlets may vary according to the world market situation (crushing = opportunity market, food = high added value but small volumes) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Organic farming : not expanded in Europe because of the poor yields got in this way (0,3% of the surveyed outlets in France, ONIDOL 2009) Outlets of the Linseed French production 5.4% 2.2% 91.8% 6.2% 15.3% 76.8% 94.3% (estimates) 3.6% 0.3% no data bird feeding human food crushing animal feeding Source : 25 cooperatives survey, ONIDOL,
13 Conclusion on the current situation of the Linseed production in Europe - based on the ONIDOL-CETIOM study (French case) Good Points : Original composition of the seed ( 3) Good agro-environnemental impacts (breaking crop, moderate inputs needs, carbon impact..) Genetic progresses in varieties Know-how and efficient organisation allowing IP and high quality production Weak Points : Lack of competitiveness of the European seeds compared to extra UE imports (gap of 100 /t between imports and IP French production in 2009) Quite low and variable yields (1.5 to 2.5 t/ha) Logistic and storage difficulties for cooperatives New emerging markets driven by Small produced volumes the omegas 3 nutritional and Insufficient R&D and healthy effects (direct or through developments efforts in animal product) agriculture sector Huge needs of seeds for crushing industry but low value drawback today, advantage for tomorrow : the straw 13
14 FUTURE FOR LINSEED IN EUROPE (1) SHORT TERM (< 3-5 years) : promising perspectives for doubling the surfaces in Europe? Sharp decrease of the production in Canada in 2010 (- 55%) and consequences of the GM contamination of imported linseeds from Canada => high prices (>570 /t CIF NW Europe) and pressure on seed supply => opportunities for 2011 and 2012 linseed planting in Europe including for crushing industry Environmental constraints : need of adapted breaking crops in order to improve the sustainability of the cropping systems in Europe (Role of European and member state regulatory and agriculture policies) Expected increase of the use of linseeds in animal feeding for improved nutritional and healthy value of the food in France (accumulation of scientific evidences and encouragements of the sanitary authorities) but also in other European countries => growing demand of IP and high quality seeds cultivated at local level (in France tonnes of Linseeds in according to industrial operators) Starting direct use of Linseed products for food : oil (in margarines for example), flour in parallel to the existing direct uses of the seeds in food sector 14
15 FUTURE FOR LINSEED IN EUROPE (2) MEDIUM TERM (+ 5 years ) : durable Linseed cultivation in Europe ( 3, 4 European surfaces?) Extension of the integrated 3 enhancement, healthy and environmental friendly (carbon impact) production chain from feed to human food in Europe, America.. Increased Linseed oil for human consumption but needs for improving the stability of the oil (refining process, mix of oils, fatty acid profile..) Green chemical Directive REACH possible coming back of linseed oil in the formulations of paints, some needs of Linseed composition change? Green chemical and bio-sourcing attitude: innovative derivatives of linseed oil still under research especially in the polymers and polyurethane fields Valorisation of minor components of the seed like lignanes in the cosmetic fields. Valorisation of the straw as renewable fibres sources for biomaterials in addition to other green fibres (local projects) => better economics of the crop 15
16 But efforts are required Genetic progresses have to continue More R&D efforts are needed at different levels : agronomy, environmental evaluation (greenhouse impacts) at crop and cattle production stages, health impacts of linseed introduction in the food, green chemical (new derivatives).. Industry has to accept to pay more for quality and IP local production and agriculture has to be able to meet the industrial requirements in terms of volumes and quality. Operators from agriculture and industry have to establish contracts allowing a good share of the risks and of the value 16
17 Thanks to my colleagues of CETIOM pour their contributions to the Linseed study and Thank you for your attention 17
10055/17 MKL/io 1 DGB 1A
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