Functional Land Management: A governance tool to develop the bio-economy? Rogier Schulte & Dina Popluga

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1 Functional Land Management: A governance tool to develop the bio-economy? Rogier Schulte & Dina Popluga

2 Ireland - Latvia Latvia Area km 2 Population Population density 30.8/km 2 Highest point 311 m (Gaiziņš) Agrarian sector crucial for economy Agriculture: 29% of land area Forests: 45% Ireland Area km 2 Population Population density 57.1/km 2 Highest point m Agrarian sector crucrial for economy Agriculture: 64%

3 Bioeconomy in Ireland

4 Demand & supply from our land Functional Land Management Question: = framework for governance of supply and demand of ecosystem services; Including food production & environmental services Can Functional Land Management be adapted into a framework for governance of supply and demand of the bio-economy sectors?

5 Functional Land Management: managing supply & demand of soil functions

6 Demands on our land I want to grow my milk output by 50%

7 Demands on our land We will provide clean drinking water

8 Demands on our land We need to sequester carbon

9 Demands on our land Protect the home of biodiversity

10 Demands on our land We need to find a home for our waste

11 What can our land supply? Functions in EU Thematic Strategy: All soils / land perform all - Primary productivity: food, fibre, fuel functions - Water regulation & purification - Carbon regulation & sequestration - Habitat for functional & intrinsic biodiversity - Nutrient Cycling - (Archeological archive) - (Building platform) but different parts of the land(scape) are better at delivering different functions

12 Soil Functions: a landscape approach Grassland (unimproved)

13 Soil functions in relation to land use Relative importance depends on land use land use Tillage (crops) Biomass / biofuel Grassland (improved) Forestry (coniferous) Grassland (unimproved) Forestry (deciduous) Peat (upland) NATURA 2000

14 Soil functions in relation to land use Well drained Relative importance depends on land use x soil type: land use Tillage (crops) Biomass / biofuel Grassland (improved) Forestry (coniferous) Grassland (unimproved) Forestry (deciduous) Peat (upland) NATURA 2000 Moderately drained Poorly drained

15 Soil functions in relation to land use

16 drainage Mapping the supply of soil functions land use

17 oil functions: demand

18 Demands for soil functions Agricultural policy framework Common Agricultural Policy (Pillar 1) Areas of Natural Constraints (Pillar 2) Environmental policies Greening Measures (Pillar 1) Nitrates Directive Water Framework Directive (DG Env) Habitat & Birds Directive (DG Env) Agri-Environmental Schemes (Pillar 2) EU 2030 Climate and Energy Package (European Council) Sewage Sludge Directive

19 oil functions: demand

20 oil functions: demand

21 How?

22 Protection of Rare species habitats Policy framework Scale Policy Objectives Pathway National Food / Fuel Sovereignty High Status Sites GHG mitigation Land Use Management (National / EU) Regional Regional development Surface water quality Sewage Sludge Management Local Farm viability Drinking water quality Soil Quality Manure Management (intensive enterprises) Farm Management (local)

23 Protection of Rare species habitats Policy framework Scale Policy Objectives Pathway National Food / Fuel Sovereignty High Status Sites GHG mitigation Land Use Management (National / EU) Regional Regional development Surface water quality Sewage Sludge Management Local Farm viability Drinking water quality Soil Quality Manure Management (intensive enterprises) Farm Management (local)

24 Value-chain Policy framework Pathway Existing Policy Instruments Market Mandatory Voluntary Land Use Management (National / EU) Marketing Designation of NATURA 2000 & High Status Waterbodies River Basin District Management Plans Afforestation Schemes Areas of Natural Constraint Farm Management (local) Manure trading Quality assurance schemes Nitrates Environmental Impact Assessment GAEC Greening measures Single Farm Payment Agri-environment schemes

25 Protection of Rare species habitats Value-chain Policy framework No 1:1 alignment of objectives and instruments Many (enough?) instruments Scale Policy Objectives Pathway Existing Policy Instruments Market Mandatory Voluntary National Food / Fuel Sovereignty High Status Sites GHG mitigation Land Use Management (National / EU) Marketing Designation of NATURA 2000 & High Status Waterbodies Afforestation Schemes Areas of Natural Constraint Regional Local Regional development Farm viability Surface water quality Drinking water quality Soil Quality Sewage Sludge Management Manure Management (intensive enterprises) Farm Management (local) Manure trading Quality assurance schemes River Basin District Management Plans Nitrates Environmental Impact Assessment GEAC Greening measures Single Farm Payment Agrienvironment schemes Room for more alignment? Some alignment Customisation by soil x land use?

26 To be

27 Demand & supply from our land Functional Land Management Question: = framework for governance of supply and demand of ecosystem services; Including food production & environmental services Can Functional Land Management be adapted into a framework for governance of supply and demand of the bio-economy sectors?

28

29 What can our land supply? Functions in EU Thematic Strategy: Functions of the Bioeconomy? - Primary productivity: food, fibre, fuel - Food, Water drinks, regulation functional & purification food, feed - Non-food Carbon regulation products: & packaging, sequestration - Habitat cosmetics, for functional bioplastics, & intrinsic biodiversity - Nutrient biopharma Cycling - Energy: biogas, biofuels, - (Archeological electricity, heat archive) - (Building platform) - Raw materials: wood, byproducts, biomass - Carbon sequestration?

30 Grassland (unimproved) A landscape approach

31 Peat? Soil Mineral? Functions in relation to land use land use Relative importance depends on land use x soil type: Forest Ag land Marsh Shrub Other land use Well drained Tillage (crops) Biomass / biofuel Grassland (improved) Forestry (coniferous) Grassland (unimproved) Forestry (deciduous) Peat (upland) NATURA 2000 Moderately drained Poorly drained

32 Peat map drainage Mapping the supply CORINE Land Cover Latvia land use

33 supply & demand Source: Niklas M., 2011 Supply Food Non-food energy materials C-seqest Demand Latvia s teritories with natural gas infrastructure Source: Source: AS LGIA Augstsprieguma tīkls, 2014 Network of biogas plants in Latvia in 2014 Population density in Latvia, 2011 Electric power lines infrastructure in Latvia, 2014

34 Value-chain Policy framework Pathway Existing Policy Instruments Market Mandatory Voluntary Land Use Management (National / EU) Marketing Designation of NATURA 2000 & High Status Waterbodies River Basin District Management Plans Afforestation Schemes Areas of Natural Constraint Farm Management (local) Manure trading Quality assurance schemes Nitrates Environmental Impact Assessment GAEC Greening measures Single Farm Payment Agri-environment schemes

35 Policy framework Pathway Existing Policy Instruments Market Mandatory Voluntary Land Use Management (National / EU) Farm Management (local)

36 Demand & supply from our land Functional Land Management In principle: yes = framework for governance of Advantages: supply and demand of - ecosystem Allows for services; holistic management of competing targets - environmental Allows us to services get the most from our land Including food production & Question: Can Functional Land Management be adapted into a framework for governance of supply and demand of the bio-economy sectors?

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