BCI/IAM/CABI National IPM Strategy in Mozambique. Amélia Sidumo Country Coordinator for Better Cotton Initiative IAM

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1 BCI/IAM/CABI National IPM Strategy in Mozambique Amélia Sidumo Country Coordinator for Better Cotton Initiative IAM

2 Layout Importance of cotton and why the IPM we are using Important Cotton Pests in Mozambique Methods of pest control currently in use Integrated Pest Management National Guidance Material

Importance of Cotton Source of income for more than 300.

out the season, Cultivated under concessionary system, in small scale farming Low productivity

3 Importance of Cotton Source of income for more than families in the country, One of the main agricultural export products, Employs many people through out the season, Cultivated under concessionary system, in small scale farming Low productivity associated with inadequate cultural practices, incidence of pests, The crop that uses more pesticides in the country, IPM program started to be developed in I

BCI production principles: Better Cotton is produced by farmers who minimise the harmful impact of crop protection practices) IPM By farmers who use water efficiently and care for the

4 BCI production principles: Better Cotton is produced by farmers who minimise the harmful impact of crop protection practices) IPM By farmers who use water efficiently and care for the availability of water By farmers who care for the health of the soil By farmers who conserve natural habitats By farmers who care for and preserve the quality of the fibre By farmers who promote decent work

5 Important Cotton Pests in Mozambique

6 Important Cotton Pests in Mozambique Divided in 3 groups Early sucking pests Chewing pests Late sucking pests Intermediary sucking pests

7 1. Early sucking pests 1. Jassids 2. Aphids

8 Jassids (sucking pests) Empoasca fascialis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Inject toxins in plants, disturbing the synthesis of sugars Polifagous Life cycle 3-4 weeks

9 Aphids (sucking pest) Aphis gossypii Hosts (citrus, vegetable crops, etc) Short life cycle

10 Intermediary sucking pests Mealy bug Spider mites Phenacoccus solenopsis

11 Spider mites Tetranychus spp.

12 2. Chewing pests (caterpillars and grasshoppers) 1. American bollworm 2. Red bollworm 3. Pink bollworm 4. Other caterpillars

per day Natural enemies important in control Ex:

13 American bollworm Helicoverpa armigera Polifagous Feed on cotton bolls, flowers and leaves Many bolls per day Natural enemies important in control Ex: Trichogramma e Telemonus LE 6 eggs or larvae/24 plants

14 Red Bollworm Diparopsis castanea Found only in Africa Found only in cotton Feeds inside the flowers and cotton bolls 3 arrows on a V shape on the back Pupate in the soil NE important in control ex. Trichogramma and ants Pheidole LE 6 eggs or Larvae /24 Plants

15 Pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiela Feeds inside flowers and cotton bolls Cutting and burning plant remains for control LE = 6 eggs or 6 larvae per 24 plants

16 Lagarta espinhosa Earias biplaga e Earias insulana Brownish in color Adult is green Break plant tips, feed on flowers and cotton bolls Cutting and burning plant remains LE = 6 eggs or 6 larvae in 24 plants

17 Spodoptera spp. Others: Leaf feeders

18 Grasshopers

19 3. Late sucking pests (cotton stainers) 1. Dysdercus spp.

20 Cotton stainer Dysdercus spp. Nymphs are reddish Adults black/reddish and brown Found in colonies Damage Feed on young capsula excrements stain cotton fiber LE = 6 colonies in 24 plants

21 (Integrated Pest Management - IPM) What is IPM? Combination of various methods that are economically, environmentally and socially viable / acceptable Involve scouting for monitoring pest population

22 Economicaly important levels in pest density Pest density NED LE NED LE Pest density NED LE NED LE Time NED Economic Injury Level LE - Economic ( Threshold )

23 Methods of pest control PLANT RESISTENCE CHEMICAL CONTROL CULTURAL PRCCTICES BIOLOGICAL CONTROL POPULATION DINAMICS CONTROLO METHODS INTEGRATION OF METHODS

24 STARTING POINT: SCOUTING PEGBOARD Componentes e uso??? Plants (24) Sucking pests (18) Bollworms (6) Cotton strainers (6) Natural Enemies (24)

26 Chemical control Last resort if strictly necessary (LED). Chose: Low toxicity Low persistence Specific Low cost

27 Resistent varieties

28 Trap cropping / strip intercroping rows of cotton followed by 4 rows of other crops (maize, pigeon pea) 1. Enhance conservation of beneficials 2. Crop rotation 1. Sequence: cotton, leguminous crops, cereals, cotton.

29 Traps

30 Chrysoperla cornea Conservation of beneficials for Larvae and adult feed on white flies, aphids, etc Biological control Parasitoid of Aphids Percevejo Adulto Predator de of bollworms

Exchanging experiences on IPM with Indian experts Title.

Through the partnership between IAM (The National Cotton Institute of Mozambique), BCI (Better Cotton Initiative) and SOLIDARIDA, Dr.

Input providing companies and other cotton stakeholders.

31 Exchanging experiences on IPM with Indian experts Title. Partnership between BCI, IAM and SOLIDARIDAD secures experience exchange between Mozambique and India on better cotton production. Through the partnership between IAM (The National Cotton Institute of Mozambique), BCI (Better Cotton Initiative) and SOLIDARIDA, Dr. Selvam Neeravi, an Entomology and IPM expert from the Solidaridad Cotton Network in India was brought to Mozambique to train the cotton sector national trainers. The training took place in Namialo Nampula from 7 to 18 th August 2013, and had 45 participants coming from IAM, Cotton Concessions, Input providing companies and other cotton stakeholders. Besides training and interacting with the trainers, who were very pleased to be exposed to the Indian experience and share the Mozambican experiences, Dr. Selvam had a second section of training with 64 extensionists of the extension network in OLAM-Ribaue, in which the main topics discussed were the integrated crop management, with emphasis on the use of locally available strategies of pests, diseases and weeds control

32 National guidance materials for IPM Manuals Posters Booklets Obrigado pela atenção Thank you

Natural Enemies (Farmers' Friends) Introduction

Natural Enemies (Farmers' Friends) Introduction Beneficial living organisms which reduce pests and diseases are usually present in any crop unless broad spectrum pesticides (which kill a wide range of