EFFECTS OF VARIETY, ENVIRONMENT AND MANAGEMENT ON SUGARCANE RATOON YIELD DECLINE
|
|
- Jeremy Holt
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 REFEREED PAPER EFFECTS OF VARIETY, ENVIRONMENT AND MANAGEMENT ON SUGARCANE RATOON YIELD DECLINE RAMBURAN S 1, WETTERGREEN T 1, BERRY SD 1 AND SHONGWE B 2 1 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa 2 Swaziland Sugar Association Technical Services, PO Box 367, Simunye, Swaziland Sanesh.Ramburan@sugar.org.za BernardS@ssa.co.sz Abstract Factors influencing ratoon yield decline (RYD) are often unclear and difficult to unravel. The objectives of this study were (i) to explore the relative contributions of variety, environment and management to RYD, and (ii) to evaluate a method of detecting statistical differences in RYD between treatments. Four sets of trials, comprising six irrigated variety trials from South Africa and Swaziland (set 1), four variety trials from the rainfed KwaZulu-Natal region (set 2), three cycles of a long-term burning and trashing trial (set 3), and two variety x nematicide trials (set 4) were analysed. Yield data were collected over six or more crops. Cane yield was fitted as a linear or quadratic function of ratoon number for each replicate of each trial. The differences between the treatment linear or quadratic coefficients were analysed using ANOVA. Significant (p<0.05) and highly significant (p<0.001) differences in quadratic coefficients were observed between varieties in two out of six trials in set 1. No significant differences between variety coefficients were observed in trials in set 2. Highly significant differences were observed between the burning and trashing treatments in set 3. In set 4, a significant difference in the linear coefficient was observed between variety x nematicide treatments in one trial only. The RYD patterns generally varied between trials, while variability of treatments/varieties within trials was negligible. Hence, it was apparent that environment may have an overriding effect on RYD, followed by the effects of management and variety, respectively. The statistical method illustrated here may be applied to other studies of RYD. Keywords: environment, management, ratoon yield decline, variety Introduction Commercial sugarcane production entails the successive harvesting of ratoons (regrowth after harvesting) over as many crops as possible. The decline in crop yields with successive ratoons, a phenomenon termed ratoon yield decline (RYD), limits the economic viability of sugarcane production by increasing the frequency of costly replanting operations. RYD is a well-known phenomenon, which may be attributed to a range of factors including pests and diseases (Spaull and Cadet, 2003), increased competition between tillers, stool damage (Swinford and Boevey, 1984) and compaction (van Antwerpen et al., 2000) caused by machinery, weed competition (Milhollon, 1995; Srivastava and Chauhan, 2006), and other management factors. Modern sugarcane varieties, which are complex hybrids of Saccharum spontaneum and Saccharum officinarum, are known to differ in their ability to sustain yields over many ratoons. The difference arises from the relative contributions to the genetic make- 180
2 up of the variety from the different sugarcane ancestors. Varieties with dominant S. spontaneum traits normally demonstrate greater longevity than those of S. officinarum (Milligan et al., 1996). Consequently, most studies of ratooning in sugarcane have focused on varietal effects. Most studies of ratooning in sugarcane have evaluated the possibility of indirectly selecting for ratooning ability (RA) in younger crops (Jackson, 1992; Milligan et al., 1996). In these studies, RA was usually defined as the ratio of older crop yields to younger crop yields (conventionally second ratoon vs. plant crop yields). This definition for RA is appropriate for industries where the last profitable crop to be harvested is usually the second ratoon (e.g. Louisiana). In industries like South Africa, profitable sugarcane production is possible for as many as eight to ten ratoons (Hoekstra, 1976). The above definition of RA is therefore not appropriate for local conditions. Additionally, the difference in economics and environmental conditions between farms makes it difficult to use a rigid number of ratoons in the definition for RA. In other words, what may be considered as an acceptable number of ratoons on one farm may not be profitable on another. It therefore follows that a description of RA that incorporates a rate of decline rather than a ratio of crop yields at early vs. later ratoons, may be more widely applicable. The factors causing RYD in South Africa are currently unclear. Although it is generally accepted that factors such as pests and diseases (Cadet and Spaull, 2001; Spaull and Cadet, 2003) and stool damage (Meyer, 2005) are of importance, there is a general grower perception that varietal differences in RYD are of greater importance. The reasons for such a perception are also unclear, but may be linked to the long-term yield decline trends in the industry which are thought to be associated with continuous burning, soil degradation and acidification and continuous monocropping. The perception may also be linked to the release of more varieties with S. officinarum traits (high sucrose, low stalk population) as well as the belief amongst growers that the visual appearance of regrowth after harvest is associated with final crop yields. These perceptions have led to numerous questions about the ratooning of new varieties, with many growers suggesting the replanting of older, better ratooning varieties. In light of these developments, it was realised that the relative effects of different crop production factors on RYD had never been evaluated. Information on the relative influences of variety, environment and management practices on RYD is essential to direct any future research. Therefore, the objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate and illustrate the relative contributions of variety, environment and management to RYD, and (ii) to evaluate a method of detecting statistical differences in RYD between treatments to assist future studies. Materials and Methods Trial datasets The approach used in this study was to evaluate the RYD trends of different sets of trials that were conducted under different conditions. Each trial set was conducted with specific objectives. Trial set 1 comprised six fully irrigated variety trials established in South Africa and Swaziland, with the objective of identifying varieties suited to varying environmental and management factors in order to refine recommendations. Trial set 2 comprised four variety trials established in the southern rainfed regions of South Africa, with similar objectives as set 1. Trial set 3 comprised three cycles of a long-term burning and trashing trial. The objectives of these trials are to investigate the effects of burning vs. trashing on sugarcane yield and to quantify various parameters (soil and plant nutrition, soil temperature, soil 181
3 moisture, soil health issues and the impact of reduced soil disturbance) affected by the presence of a trash blanket. Trial set 4 comprised two variety x nematicide trials, where the objectives were to evaluate the agronomic performances over time of different varieties on poor, sandy (<10% clay) soils as well as to examine their response to annual nematicide (Temik at 20 kg/ha) treatment. The six variety trials in set 1 were all established in 2003 and consisted of six to ten commercial varieties (only varieties that were common to all trials were included in the analysis). The trials were established as RCBDs with six to ten replicates. Trial plots consisted of five or six rows that were 8-10 m long and spaced 1.4 to 1.5 m apart. All trials in this set were harvested on a 12-month cutting cycle over six or seven crops (plant + five or six ratoons). The trials were established under different irrigation systems, with fertiliser and weed management as per commercial practice. The four variety trials in set 2 were established between 2001 and These trials consisted of eight to ten varieties planted in RCBDs with four to six replicates. Trial plots consisted of five to six rows that were 8-10 m long and spaced 1.0 to 1.5 m apart. Trials in this set were harvested between 12 and 18 months over six to nine crops (plant + five to eight ratoons). All but one of these trials were established under fully rainfed conditions with weed and fertiliser management as per commercial practice. The three cycles of the burning and trashing trial formed part of a long-term trial that was established in 1939 under rainfed conditions. The cycles used for this paper were established in 1977 (BT1), 1991 (BT2) and 2002 (BT3), and consist of 32 plots each, made up of seven rows 18 m long and spaced 1.4 m apart. The main treatments are trashed (T) vs. burnt (B) cane. The burnt treatments are further divided into four plots with tops spread (t) and four plots with tops removed (t 0 ). An additional treatment subdivision (across all plots) is fertilised (F) and not fertilised (F 0 ). For the first cycle the trial was harvested between 12 and 18 months, but, as of the beginning the second cycle, the trial has been harvested on a 12-month cycle (September/October) each year. A fixed fertiliser rate is applied to treatments requiring fertiliser in October/November each year. The cycles BT 1, BT 2, and BT 3 were planted to varieties NCo376, N16 and N27, respectively. The two trials in set 4 were established between 1994 and These trials consisted of four (VN1) and six (VN2) varieties planted in RCBD (VN1) or split plot (Latin Square, VN2 trial) designs with six replicates. Trial plots consisted of five rows that were 8-10 m long and spaced 1.2 m apart. Trials in this set were harvested at 12 months over six (VN1) or seven (VN2) crops (plant + five to six ratoons). Both trials were established under fully rainfed conditions with weeding and fertiliser management as per commercial practice. Further details of all trials analysed are summarised in Table
4 Table 1. Details of the four trial sets analysed. The trial codes IR, RF, BT and VN refer to the irrigated variety trials, rainfed variety trials, burn vs. trash trials and variety x nematicide trials, respectively. Trial Trial Crops Location Irrigation Soil form Harvest details code harvested Set 1 IR1 Pongola C * Sprinkler Katspruit 12 month, early season 8 Fully IR2 Pongola RS ** Drip Hutton 12 month, late season 7 irrigated IR3 Swaziland C Sprinkler Katspruit 12 month, early season 7 variety IR4 Swaziland C Sprinkler Swartland 12 month, late season 7 trials IR5 Pongola RS Drip Hutton 12 month, early season 8 IR6 Komatipoort RS Drip Glenrosa 12 month, early season 8 Set 2 RF1 Doringkop C Rainfed Shortlands 18 month 7 Rainfed RF2 Empangeni RS Rainfed Shortlands 12 month, early season 7 variety RF3 Scottburgh C Rainfed Glenrosa 12 month, late season 9 trials RF4 Schroeders C Supplementary Inanda 12 month, mid-season 6 Set 3 BT1 Mt Edgcombe RS Rainfed Arcadia month, mid season 11 Burn vs. trash BT2 Mt Edgcombe RS Rainfed Arcadia 12 month, mid season 9 trials BT3 Mt Edgcombe RS Rainfed Arcadia 12 month, mid-season 9 Set 4 VN1 New Guelderland C Rainfed Fernwood 12 month, late season 6 Variety x nematicide VN2 La Mercy C Rainfed Fernwood 12 month, late season 7 C = Trial established on a commercial farm, RS = Trial established on a SASRI research farm Data analysis For all trials, net trial plots (outer two rows discarded) were hand-harvested and weighed using a scale mounted on a tractor-operated hydraulic boom, to determine cane yield in tons cane/ha. Each trial was subsequently analysed separately using conventional analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures. For each trial, the average cane yield of each treatment (variety, burn/trash treatment, variety x nematicide combination) was plotted against the ratoon number to identify the general shape of the RYD curve. Based on this initial assessment, the cane yield of each plot in the trial was fitted as a linear or quadratic function of ratoon number, i.e. curves were fitted at the replicate level. The quadratic function was of the form: Y = Ax 2 + Bx + C where Y = cane yield at ratoon x A = quadratic coefficient (determines whether the curve faces up or down and if it is narrow or wide), B = linear coefficient (determines the axis of symmetry of the curve), C = intercept (determines the y-intercept, i.e. the yield of the plant crop in this study). The linear function was of the form: Y = Ax + B where Y = cane yield at ratoon x A = linear coefficient (rate of yield decline with successive ratoons) B = intercept (y-intercept). Linear or quadratic coefficients were therefore derived for each plot in each trial. Where R 2 values of less than 0.5 were obtained, such coefficients were not included in the analysis and were considered as missing values. The coefficients derived for each plot were subsequently subjected to routine ANOVA to determine whether there were significant differences 183
5 between the treatments. Significant differences in coefficient values between treatments suggested that treatments differed significantly in terms of RYD. This approach allowed for an evaluation of the relative influences of varieties, environments and management practices on RYD. Results Trial set 1 (irrigated variety trials) The RYD trends for trial set 1 are shown in Figure 1. All trials in this set showed quadratic RYD trends. Trial IR1 (Figure 1a) showed the most rapid rate of RYD and was the only trial with downward facing curves, i.e. the values for the A coefficients of all varieties were negative. When calculating the difference in cane yields between the plant and last ratoon harvested, it was found that the early season trials IR1 (Figure 1a), IR3 (Figure 1c) and IR5 (Figure 1e) lost approximately 51, 45 and 61% of their plant crop yields averaged across varieties. This was in contrast to the 30 and 33% loss of plant crop yields observed in the late season trials IR2 (Figure 1b) and IR4 (Figure 1d), respectively. This suggests a possible influence of time of harvest on RYD. Trial IR6 (Figure 1f) showed the most unusual trends, as yields improved after the fourth ratoon. It was later revealed that the unusual increase in yields after the fourth ratoon coincided with a change in farm management on the research station. The new management placed more emphasis on addressing nutrient deficiencies based on soil sample analyses and also implemented irrigation scheduling practices. Therefore, the unusual improvement in yields after the fourth ratoon in Figure 1f may very well be due to changed management practices. Across all trials in this set, variety N25 consistently produced the highest cane yields compared with the other varieties. However, within each trial, the shape of the N25 curve did not differ drastically from the other varieties, suggesting that there were no explicit differences in RYD trends. The ANOVA for differences between varieties in terms of the A, B and C coefficients for each trial showed that significant differences in the C coefficient were observed in five out of six trials (Table 2). These significant and highly significant differences in the C coefficient were due mainly to the high yields of N25, i.e. the C coefficient represents the vertical positioning of the curve (intercept). The A coefficient, which represents the upward/downward shape of the curve, differed significantly between varieties in three out of six trials. The B coefficient, which most closely represents a rate of decline, differed significantly between varieties in two out of six trials. Overall, varieties showed significant differences in all three coefficients in two out of the six trials evaluated, suggesting that in the majority of cases varieties did not differ statistically in terms of RYD. The shapes of the quadratic curves varied across trials, suggesting that the overall RYD trend was dependent on trial site conditions, i.e. environment and management. This was highlighted by the fact that the same variety often produced varying coefficients across trials. For example, values for the A, B and C coefficient for N25 ranged from -0.9 to 4.2, -4.8 to -38.9, and to 186.8, respectively (not shown). Similarly, for a low yielding variety like N40 the A, B and C coefficients varied from -0.5 to 6.9, -7.2 to -46.0, and to 163.0, respectively (not shown). These results suggest that RYD is more dependent on environmental conditions and management practices (which determine the overall shape of the RYD curve), while variety influences only slight variation within a particular shape. 184
6 Figure 1. Quadratic ratoon yield decline trends of varieties tested in trials IR1 (a), IR2 (b), IR3 (c), IR4 (d), IR5 (e), and IR6 (f). All trials were established in 2003 and harvested annually thereafter. Actual (points) and fitted (lines) cane yields for the different varieties are indicated. 185
7 Table 2. Levels of statistically significant differences in quadratic coefficients between treatments in different trials. Trial set Trial code Coefficients A B C 1 IR1 NS NS * IR2 ** ** *** IR3 *** *** *** IR4 * NS *** IR5 NS NS * IR6 NS NS NS 2 RF1 NS NS NS RF2 NS NS ** RF3 NS NS ** RF4 NS NS *** 3 BT1 *** *** BT2 *** *** BT3 NS *** 4 VN1 * NS VN2 NS NS ** *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, NS = not significant Trial set 2 (rainfed variety trials) Trials in this set were more variable in terms of RYD patterns than trials in set 1. In trial RF1 (Figure 2a) variety curves were vertically separated, however, the shape of the curves were similar (except for N39). As a result, there were no significant differences between varieties in any of the coefficients (Table 2). The variety curves in RF2 (Figure 2b), RF3 (Figure 2c) and RF4 (Figure 2d) seemed very different from each other visually. However, the ANOVA showed that no significant differences were observed between the varieties in terms of the A and B coefficient. In the same trials, significant and highly significant differences in the C coefficient were observed between varieties. This suggests that the vertical positioning and intercept of the varieties, which are determined by the average cane yields, were significantly different. The lack of significant differences in the A and B coefficients between the varieties was surprising, given the contrasting variety curves obtained in each trial. For example, variety N32 showed a marked rapid decline in yield compared to N27 in RF2 (Figure 2b). Similarly, varieties N33 and N21 actually showed crossover interactions between the early and late ratoons in RF3 (Figure 2c). The lack of significant differences in RYD (at least in the A and B coefficients) in these trials may point to a possible flaw in the statistical methodology employed. It is apparent from an agronomic perspective that the varieties in these trials differed economically in terms of RYD. Evidence for this can be seen through a simple comparison of the yield differences between the plant and last ratoon harvested for each of the varieties in the trials. 186
8 Figure 2. Quadratic ratoon yield decline trends of varieties tested in trials RF1 (a), RF2 (b), RF3 (c), and RF4 (d). Actual (points) and fitted (lines) cane yields for the different varieties are indicated. Trials consisted of different variety sets. Trial set 3 (burn vs. trash trials) All three trials in this set were fitted to linear RYD curves (Figure 3). In all three trials, the fertilised treatments (solid lines) clustered together and produced flatter curves compared to the unfertilised (broken lines) treatments, which showed more rapid rates of RYD. When calculating the difference in cane yields between the plant and last ratoon harvested, it was found that the fertilised treatments lost on average 17.6, 0 and 36.3% of their plant crop yields for trials BT1 (Figure 3a), BT2 (Figure 3b) and BT3 (Figure 3c), respectively. This was in contrast to the 70.2, 49.9 and 47.3% loss of plant crop yields observed with the unfertilised treatments in trials BT1, BT2, and BT3, respectively. The ANOVA for this trial set (Table 2) showed that there were highly significant differences between treatments for both the A and B coefficients in BT1 and BT2. However, in BT3 there were no significant differences between treatments in the A coefficient (Table 2), which meant that there were similar rates of yield decline, as observed in Figure 3c. It was interesting to note that the burn vs. trash treatments did not produce any contrasting RYD trends, and that the fertiliser treatment was more influential at determining RYD. 187
9 Figure 3. Linear ratoon yield decline trends of different treatments tested in trials BT1 (a), BT2 (b), and BT3 (c). Actual (points) and fitted (lines) cane yields for the different varieties are indicated. BT1, BT2 and BT3 were planted to varieties NCo376, N16 and N27, respectively. Solid lines represent fertilised treatments, while broken lines represent unfertilised treatments (Bt = Burnt with tops retained; Bt0 = Burnt and tops removed from plot; F = Plot has been fertilised, F0 = No fertiliser has been applied to the plot; T = Plot has been trashed). Trial set 4 (variety x nematicide trials) In this series, treatments from trial VN1 were fitted to linear curves, while treatments from VN2 were fitted to quadratic curves (Figure 4). In trial VN1 (Figure 4a), significant differences were observed between the treatments in terms of the A coefficient (Table 2), suggesting that treatments showed differences in RYD. In fact, many treatments in trial VN1 actually showed slight improvements in yields with subsequent ratoons. No explicit differences in RYD were observed between the control and nematicide treatments for the different varieties in VN1. In trial VN2 (Figure 4b), most of the treatments produced curves of a similar shape. Exceptions to this were the N23 nematicide treatment and the N24 control treatment, which produced slightly upward and downward facing curves, respectively. Although there were no significant differences in the A and B coefficients in VN2, it was clear that the nematicide treatments (solid lines) consistently produced higher cane yields than the control treatments (broken line) for all varieties. This vertical separation of the curves (differences in intercepts) resulted in significant differences in the C coefficient (Table 2). 188
10 a b Figure 4. Linear and quadratic ratoon yield decline trends of different variety x nematicide treatments tested in trials VN1 (a), and VN2 (b). Actual (points) and fitted (lines) cane yields for the different treatment combinations are indicated. Solid lines represent nematicide treatments (Temik) while broken lines represent no nematicide treatments. Discussion This study is the first to explore the RYD trends of different varieties and crop management factors under various conditions. It was apparent that the RYD trends varied from one trial site to the next, making it impossible to define a specific RYD pattern for sugarcane in the industry. The RYD trend also varied for specific varieties when planted in different trials. This suggests that the RYD of individual varieties is not a set genetic characteristic that remains constant, but rather a factor that is influenced by the environment. Even in trial set 1, where N25 consistently produced the highest cane yields across trials, it was shown that the actual coefficients for N25 varied drastically from one trial to the next. Similarly, in trial set 2, the RYD trend of N12 varied between RF1 and RF3. Furthermore, in trial set 3, it was shown that the RYD trend of the same varieties (NCo376 in BT1, N16 in BT2, and N27 in BT3) varied dramatically when management practices (fertiliser application) were changed. These observations highlight the fact that RYD is primarily dependent on environmental and management factors. Varieties did differ in RYD (as observed in trial sets 1 and 2 in Table 2); however, these differences were negligible compared to the overall effects of environment 189
11 and management. Follow-up studies should consider performing a combined analysis of the trial sets so that the relative influences of variety and environment can be quantified. The scope of future studies should also include a statistical comparison of the actual coefficient values for the different treatments using means comparison tests, e.g. least significant differences. It was also found that under fully irrigated conditions in trial set 1, the RYD curves for the different varieties clustered together tightly. However, in the rainfed trials in set 2 the variety curves were more separated. This was also evident in the BT trials as well as the VN trials, which were conducted under rainfed conditions. This may suggest that differences in RYD may become more marked under rainfed conditions. Furthermore, all of the crossover interactions (ranking of treatments changing between early and late ratoons) were observed in the rainfed trials only. Most of the trials analysed in this study showed quadratic RYD trends, which gave the best R 2 values. Although providing a more accurate representation of the yield decline than a linear trend, the quadratic coefficients were not practical in terms of interpretation. In many cases, the lack of significant differences in the A and B coefficients, coupled with significant differences between the C coefficients, made it difficult to reach any affirmative conclusions about differences in RYD. In contrast, a linear model was more practical, as significant differences in the A coefficient meant only that treatments differed in terms of their rate of yield decline. However, the linear model produced lower R 2 values when fitted to the data. There was therefore a trade-off between accurately representing the RYD pattern (using quadratic models) and obtaining results that were practically relevant to crop production (using linear models). Most studies of ratooning in sugarcane have focused on production up to the second ratoon. However, as pointed out by Kang et al. (1987), ratoons of sugarcane are confounded with seasonal effects (each ratoon grows through a different season). It is therefore possible that past studies that have evaluated ratooning up to the second ratoon only, may have confounded the ratoon and season effect. Good performance in the second ratoons compared to the first may have been due to better seasons experienced in the second ratoons or better responses of certain varieties to conditions in the second ratoons. In South Africa, good ratooning varieties are those that produce good yields beyond the fifth ratoon. A ratio of plant crop to ratoon crop performance (any defined ratoon beyond the fifth) should determine whether a variety is a good ratooner. However, the problem of confounding the ratoon and seasonal effect still exists. Therefore, a definition of ratooning that takes into consideration both the rate of yield decline, as well as the absolute yields at older ratoons, would be more accurate. Conclusions The recent concerns around ratooning in the industry prompted this exploration of factors influencing RYD. The results showed that: Environmental conditions and management practices are of primary importance in determining RYD trends. The effects of variety are of secondary importance, and influence only the variation within a RYD pattern which is ultimately determined by environment and management. 190
12 The same variety will show different RYD patterns under different environmental conditions and management practices. A greater number of statistically significant differences in RYD were observed between management practices (BT trials) than between varieties (IR and RF trials). The implications of these results are that: Growers in the industry should place more emphasis on altering the environment through management rather than focusing their efforts on choosing a variety with perceived better ratooning. Growers must be made aware of the relative importance of management vs. variety in maintaining yields over ratoons; a message that SASRI should deliver more explicitly. Any further study of RYD of varieties must occur across contrasting environmental conditions. Future studies of RYD should focus on: In-depth scrutiny of which treatments are significantly different from each other in terms of the coefficients. Determining whether other yield components such as stalk population are responsible for differences in RYD. Integrating the rate of yield decline with an absolute yield at a specific ratoon to better define ratooning ability. Using the crop model to correct for seasonal variability in order to evaluate the true RYD of different treatments. Allowing all sugarcane field trials to proceed beyond the fifth ratoon in order to gather sufficient data on RYD. REFERENCES Cadet P and Spaull VW (2001). Annual and long term benefits of nematode control on yield of sugarcane. Proc S Afr Sug Technol Ass.75: 115. Hoekstra G (1976). Analysis of when to plough out a sugarcane field. Proc S Afr Sug Technol Ass 50: Jackson PA (1992). Genotype x environment interaction in sugarcane. II: Use of performance in plant cane as an indirect selection criterion for performance in ratoon crops. Aust J Agric Res 43: Kang MS, Miller JD, Tai PYP, Dean JL and Glaz B (1987). Implications of confounding genotype x year and genotype x crop effects in sugarcane. Field Crops Res 15: Meyer E (2005). Machinery systems for sugarcane production in South Africa. MSc Eng Thesis. 36 pp. Milhollon RW (1995). Growth and yield of sugarcane as affected by Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) interference. Am Soc Sug Cane Technol 15: Milligan SB, Gravois KA and Martin FA (1996). Inheritance of sugarcane ratooning ability and the relationship of younger crop traits to older crop traits. Crop Sci 36: Spaull VW and Cadet P (2003). Impact of nematodes on sugarcane and the benefit of tolerant varieties. Proc S Afr Sug Technol Ass 77:
13 Srivastava TK and Chauhan RS (2006). Weed dynamics and control of weeds in relation to management practices under sugarcane (Saccharum species complex hybrid) multi-ratooning system. Indian J Agron 51: Swinford JM and Boevey TMC (1984). The effects of soil compaction due to infield transport on ratoon cane yields and soil physical characteristics. Proc S Afr Sug Technol Ass 58: van Antwerpen R, Meyer JH and Meyer E (2000). Soil compaction in the South African sugar industry A review. Proc S Afr Sug Technol Ass 74:
SUGARCANE VARIETIES SUITABLE FOR SANDY SOILS IN MPUMALANGA
SUGARCANE VARIETIES SUITABLE FOR SANDY SOILS IN MPUMALANGA SPAULL V W 1, CADET P 2 and BERRY S 1 1 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa Vaughan.spaull@sugar.org.za
More informationA FINANCIAL ESTIMATION OF THE MILL AREA-SCALE BENEFITS OF VARIETY ADOPTION IN SOUTH AFRICA: A SIMPLISTIC APPROACH
REFEREED PAPER A FINANCIAL ESTIMATION OF THE MILL AREA-SCALE BENEFITS OF VARIETY ADOPTION IN SOUTH AFRICA: A SIMPLISTIC APPROACH KADWA M 1, RAMBURAN S 2, NICHOLSON RJ 1 AND REDSHAW KA 2 1 South African
More informationCHARACTERISATION OF CANE VARIETIES BASED ON SUGAR PROCESSING PARAMETERS
CHARACTERISATION OF CANE VARIETIES BASED ON SUGAR PROCESSING PARAMETERS BARKER B and DAVIS S B Sugar Milling Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa bbarker@smri.org,
More informationDRIVING FACTORS OF CROP RESIDUE LAYER EFFECTS ON SUGARCANE DEVELOPMENT AND WATER USE
SHORT, NON-REFEREED PAPER DRIVING FACTORS OF CROP RESIDUE LAYER EFFECTS ON SUGARCANE DEVELOPMENT AND WATER USE OLIVIER FC 1, SINGELS A 1,2 AND SAVAGE MJ 2 1 South African Sugarcane Research Institute,
More informationPERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SASRI VARIETIES N19 AND N25 IN TANZANIA
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SASRI VARIETIES N19 AND N25 IN TANZANIA CHAMBI JY AND ISA DW Sugarcane Research Institute, PO Box 30031, Kibaha, Tanzania sri@awayafrica.com Abstract SASRI varieties N14, N19,
More informationSUGARCANE IRRIGATION SCHEDULING IN PONGOLA USING PRE-DETERMINED CYCLES
SUGARCANE IRRIGATION SCHEDULING IN PONGOLA USING PRE-DETERMINED CYCLES N L LECLER 1 and R MOOTHILAL 2 1 South African Sugar Association Experiment Station, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa.
More informationLOCATION AND CROP-YEAR EFFECTS ON PARENT SELECTION FOR ELDANA SACCHARINA RESISTANCE
SHORT, NON-REFEREED PAPER LOCATION AND CROP-YEAR EFFECTS ON PARENT SELECTION FOR ELDANA SACCHARINA RESISTANCE LICHAKANE M AND ZHOU MM South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe,
More informationFURTHER EVIDENCE OF THE EFFECTS OF RATOON STUNTING DISEASE ON PRODUCTION UNDER IRRIGATED AND RAINFED CONDITIONS
FURTHER EVIDENCE OF THE EFFECTS OF RATOON STUNTING DISEASE ON PRODUCTION UNDER IRRIGATED AND RAINFED CONDITIONS RA BAILEY AND GR BECHET South African Sugar Association Experiment Station, P/Bag X02, Mount
More informationC.P.M. Sweet and M.R. Boast
YELD PATTERNS AS AN AD TO EVALUATE PERFORMANCE ON A COMMERCAL SUGARCANE ESTATE N SWAZLAND C.P.M. Sweet and M.R. Boast Simunye Sugar Estate P.O. Box 1, Simunye, Swaziland ABSTRACT Agronomy n Southern Africa,
More informationEFFECT OF ANHYDROUS AMMONIA ON CANE YIELD, NEMATODES AND ELDANA
Berry SD Proc S Afr Sug Technol Ass (211) 84: 226-235 REFEREED PAPER EFFECT OF ANHYDROUS AMMONIA ON CANE YIELD, NEMATODES AND ELDANA BERRY S D South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X2,
More informationYIELD PERFORMANCE OF SOUTH AFRICAN SUGARCANE VARIETIES IN PLANT CANE TRIALS AT NCHALO SUGAR ESTATE, MALAWI
YIELD PERFORMANCE OF SOUTH AFRICAN SUGARCANE VARIETIES IN PLANT CANE TRIALS AT NCHALO SUGAR ESTATE, MALAWI M M ISYAGI and M W WHITBREAD Illovo Sugar, Nchalo Estate, P/Bag 50, Blantyre, Malawi E-mail: misyagi@illovo.co.za
More informationPERFORMANCE OF VARIETIES N14 AND NCO376 IN THE SOUTH-EAST LOWVELD OF ZIMBABWE
PERFORMANCE OF VARIETIES AND NCO376 IN THE SOUTH-EAST LOWVELD OF ZIMBABWE M ZHOU Zimbabwe Sugar Association Experiment Station, P/Bag 7006, Chiredzi, Zimbabwe E-mail: 399021@ecoweb.co.zw Abstract Varieties
More informationTHE DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A PREDICTIVE MILL-SCALE SUGARCANE QUALITY MODEL
SHORT, NON-REFEREED, PAPER THE DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A PREDICTIVE MILL-SCALE SUGARCANE QUALITY MODEL JENKINS EPG AND BEZUIDENHOUT CN School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01,
More informationESTIMATING THE FAMILY PERFORMANCE OF SUGARCANE CROSSES USING SMALL PROGENY TEST. Canal Point, FL. 2
Journal American Society of Sugarcane Technologists, Vol. 23, 2003 ESTIMATING THE FAMILY PERFORMANCE OF SUGARCANE CROSSES USING SMALL PROGENY TEST P.Y.P. Tai 1*, J. M. Shine, Jr. 2, J. D. Miller 1, and
More informationTHE EFFECT OF RATOON STUNTING DISEASE ON THE YIELD OF SOME SOUTH AFRICAN SUGARCANE VARIETIES UNDER IRRIGATED AND RAINFED CONDITIONS
THE EFFECT OF RATOON STUNTING DISEASE ON THE YIELD OF SOME SOUTH AFRICAN SUGARCANE VARIETIES UNDER IRRIGATED AND RAINFED CONDITIONS RA BAILEY AND GR BECHET South African SugarAssociation Experiment Station,
More informationFUNGICIDE SPRAYS TO CONTROL BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA MELANOCEPHALA) GAVE VARIABLE CANE AND SUGAR YIELD RESPONSES IN THE SOUTH-EAST LOWVELD OF ZIMBABWE
FUNGICIDE SPRAYS TO CONTROL BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA MELANOCEPHALA) GAVE VARIABLE CANE AND SUGAR YIELD RESPONSES IN THE SOUTH-EAST LOWVELD OF ZIMBABWE ZVOUTETE P Zimbabwe Sugar Association Experiment Station,
More informationMASS AND COMPOSITION OF ASH REMAINING IN THE FIELD FOLLOWING BURNING OF SUGARCANE AT HARVEST
REFEREED PAPER MASS AND COMPOSITION OF ASH REMAINING IN THE FIELD FOLLOWING BURNING OF SUGARCANE AT HARVEST VAN ANTWERPEN R 1,2, MILES N 1,3 AND MTHIMKHULU SS 1 1 South African Sugarcane Research Institute,
More informationCORRELATION AND PATH ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND ITS COMPONENT IN SUGARCANE. M. S. Yahaya ; A.M. Falaki; E.B. Amans and L.D. Busari
CORRELATION AND PATH ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND ITS COMPONENT IN SUGARCANE M. S. Yahaya ; A.M. Falaki; E.B. Amans and L.D. Busari Abstract Correlations and path coefficients were used to determine the interrelationship
More informationInter-relationships among cane yield and commercial cane sugar and their component traits in autumn plant crop of sugarcane
Euphytica 95: 109 114, 1997. 109 c 1997 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Inter-relationships among cane yield and commercial cane sugar and their component traits in autumn plant
More informationTHE ECONOMICS OF GREEN MANURING IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN SUGAR INDUSTRY
SHORT, NON-REFEREED PAPER THE ECONOMICS OF GREEN MANURING IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN SUGAR INDUSTRY RHODES R 1, FERRER SRD 2 AND GILLITT CG 2 1 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe,
More informationJournal of the American Society of Sugar Cane Technologists, Vol. 34, 2014
Journal of the American Society of Sugar Cane Technologists, Vol. 34, 2014 SUGARCANE GENOTYPE SELECTION ON MUCK AND SAND SOILS IN FLORIDA - A CASE FOR DEDICATED ENVIRONMENTS Per H. McCord 1*, Isabel A.
More informationMONITORING LONG TERM SOIL FERTILITY TRENDS IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN SUGAR INDUSTRY USING THE FAS ANALYTICAL DATABASE
MONITORING LONG TERM SOIL FERTILITY TRENDS IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN SUGAR INDUSTRY USING THE FAS ANALYTICAL DATABASE 'SASA Experiment Station, Private Bag X, Mount Edgecornbe, Dan Pienaar Road, Klooj Abstract
More informationSUGARCANE VARIETY IMPROVEMENT IN KENYA
POSTER SUMMARY SUGARCANE VARIETY IMPROVEMENT IN KENYA JAMOZA J E Kenya Sugar Research Foundation (KESREF), PO Box 44-40100, Kisumu, Kenya japhethjamoza@yahoo.com Abstract Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids)
More informationSugarcane Variety Census: Florida
SS AGR 268 Sugarcane Variety Census: Florida 2005 1 B. Glaz and R. A. Gilbert 2 This report was first published in the July, 2006 issue of Sugar Journal. This annual variety census of the Florida sugarcane
More informationEFFECT OF LONG-TERM SUGARCANE PRODUCTION ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS IN KWAZULU-NATAL
EFFECT OF LONG-TERM SUGARCANE PRODUCTION ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS IN KWAZULU-NATAL L.L. QONGQO 1, 2 AND R. VAN ANTWERPEN 2 1 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University
More informationPERFORMANCE OF CHOPPER HARVESTERS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON SOIL AND CROP AT BEAU CHAMP SUGAR ESTATE. V Rivière, C Marot, R Ng Cheong and E Jacquin
PERFORMANCE OF CHOPPER HARVESTERS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON SOIL AND CROP AT BEAU CHAMP SUGAR ESTATE V Rivière, C Marot, R Ng Cheong and E Jacquin Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute ABSTRACT Beau Champ
More informationGrowth and yield responses of commercial sugarcane cultivars to mulching. in the coastal rainfed region of South Africa
Growth and yield responses of commercial sugarcane cultivars to mulching in the coastal rainfed region of South Africa BNG Nxumalo 1,2, S Ramburan 1 and JM Steyn 2 1 South African Sugarcane Research Institute,
More informationFinal report SRDC project CSR10S : Selecting clones for better ratooning under wet harvesting conditions
Sugar Research Australia Ltd. elibrary Completed projects final reports http://elibrary.sugarresearch.com.au/ Varieties, Plant Breeding and Release 1997 Final report SRDC project CSR10S : Selecting clones
More informationINTERCROPPING IN SUGARCANE: A PRACTICE WORTH PURSUING?
REFEREED PAPER INTERCROPPING IN SUGARCANE: A PRACTICE WORTH PURSUING? RAMOUTHAR PV, RHODES R, WETTERGREEN T, PILLAY U, JONES MR, VAN ANTWERPEN R AND BERRY SD South African Sugarcane Research Institute,
More informationFACTORS AFFECTING THE ECONOMICS OF TRASHING
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ECONOMICS OF TRASHING A T WYNNE 1 and R VAN ANTWERPEN 2 1 South African Cane Growers Association, PO Box 88, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa 2 South African Sugar Association
More informationRATE, TIME AND METHOD OF TEMlK APPLICATION IN RATOON SUGARCANE
Proceedings of The South African Sugar Technologists' Association June 1 RATE, TIME AND METHOD OF TEMlK APPLICATION IN RATOON SUGARCANE By H. ROSTRON South African Sugar Association Experiment Station
More informationSOIL ORGANIC MATTER UNDER SUGARCANE: LEVELS, COMPOSITION AND DYNAMICS
REFEREED PAPER SOIL ORGANIC MATTER UNDER SUGARCANE: LEVELS, COMPOSITION AND DYNAMICS MILES N 1,2, VAN ANTWERPEN R 1,3 AND RAMBURAN, S 1 1 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X2, Mount Edgecombe,
More informationSugarcane Selection for Sucrose and Tonnage Using Economic Criteria 1
FE476 Sugarcane Selection for Sucrose and Tonnage Using Economic Criteria 1 José Alvarez, Chris W. Deren, and Barry Glaz 2 Introduction Plant breeders select an array of traits or characteristics to select
More informationPERFORMANCE OF PROMISING SUGARCANE CLONE FOR YIELD AND QUALITY CHARACTERS 11. STABILITY STUDIES
Pak. J. Bot., 34(3): 247-251,2002. PERFORMANCE OF PROMISING SUGARCANE CLONE FOR YIELD AND QUALITY CHARACTERS 11. STABILITY STUDIES IMTIAZ AHMED KHAN, ABDULLAH KHATRI, MUHAMMAD ASLAM JAVED, SHAMIM H. SIDDIQUI,
More informationNUTRIENT CONTENTS OF SOYABEANS: A GUIDE FOR SUGARCANE GROWERS UNDER FAST TRACK LAND REFORM PROGRAMME [FTLRP] IN ZIMBABWE. Shoko MD 1* and Zhou M 2
NUTRIENT CONTENTS OF SOYABEANS: A GUIDE FOR SUGARCANE GROWERS UNDER FAST TRACK LAND REFORM PROGRAMME [FTLRP] IN ZIMBABWE Shoko MD 1* and Zhou M 2 Munashe Shoko * Corresponding author Email: munashoko@yahoo.co.uk
More informationSugarcane Flowering in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilization and Ratoon
Vol.4 (7), pp. 155-160, July 2016 ISSN 2354-4147 Article Number: DRJA12266256 Copyright 2016 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science http://directresearchpublisher.org/aboutjournal/drjafs
More informationGrowth and yield responses of commercial sugarcane cultivars to residue mulching in different environments. Braveman Nkosinathi Gcugcwa Nxumalo
Growth and yield responses of commercial sugarcane cultivars to residue mulching in different environments by Braveman Nkosinathi Gcugcwa Nxumalo Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for
More informationThe nature and causes of sugarcane genotype x environment interactions: Integrated approaches to analysis and interpretation
The nature and causes of sugarcane genotype x environment interactions: Integrated approaches to analysis and interpretation Sanesh Ramburan Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Philosophiae
More informationCROP GUARD SUGARCANE ADVISORY JUNE 2012
CROP GUARD SUGARCANE ADVISORY JUNE 2012 INTRODUCTION Trials on sugarcane were carried out to determine the efficacy of Crop Guard as a nematicide under dryland and irrigated field conditions. It was found
More informationWHOLE FARM HARVESTING STRATEGY OPTIMISATION USING THE CANEGRO MODEL: A CASE STUDY FOR IRRIGATED AND RAINFED SUGARCANE
WHOLE FARM HARVESTING STRATEGY OPTIMISATION USING THE CANEGRO MODEL: A CASE STUDY FOR IRRIGATED AND RAINFED SUGARCANE C N BEZUIDENHOUT, A SINGELS and D HELLMANN South African Sugar Association Experiment
More informationSOYBEAN IN SUGARCANE BREAKCROP SYSTEMS IN ZIMBABWE: AN ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL NUTRIENT AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS
SOYBEAN IN SUGARCANE BREAKCROP SYSTEMS IN ZIMBABWE: AN ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL NUTRIENT AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS SHOKO M D 1, 2 and TAGWIRA F 2 1 Zimbabwe Sugar Association Experiment Station, P/Bag 7006,
More information1 (Sc/er(r~~ora sacchari Miy). and nematodes are presen. i EARLY STAGES OF VARIETAL SELECTION PROGRAM IN FIJI 1
Cane Breeding I i EARLY STAGES OF VARIETAL SELECTION PROGRAM IN FIJI 1 M. Krishnamurthi and S. C. Prasad Agricultural Experiment Station, Fiji Sugar Corporation Limited, Lautoka, Fiji ABSTRACT A new scheme
More informationRELEASE OF SUGARCANE VARIETIES IN SOUTH AFRICA
RELEASE OF SUGARCANE VARIETIES IN SOUTH AFRICA PARFITT R C South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa roy.parfitt@sugar.org.za Abstract One of the core functions
More informationEVALUATION OF THE DSSAT-CANEGRO MODEL FOR SIMULATING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS AT SITES IN SEVEN COUNTRIES
SHORT NON-REFEREED PAPER EVALUATION OF THE DSSAT-CANEGRO MODEL FOR SIMULATING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS AT SITES IN SEVEN COUNTRIES JONES MR, SINGELS A, THORBURN P, MARIN F, MARTINE J-F, CHINORUMBA S, VIATOR
More informationGENETIC VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND GENETIC ADVANCE IN SELECTED CLONES OF SUGARCANE
Plant Archives Vol. 16 No. 2, 2016 pp. 700-704 ISSN 0972-5210 GENETIC VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND GENETIC ADVANCE IN SELECTED CLONES OF SUGARCANE S. N. Swamy Gowda 1, K. Saravanan 2 and C. R. Ravishankar
More informationInvestigation of the limits to high density planting : SRDC final report : project BSS212
Sugar Research Australia Ltd. elibrary Completed projects final reports http://elibrary.sugarresearch.com.au/ Farming Systems and Production Management 2002 Investigation of the limits to high density
More informationINTRODUCTION. Influence of bio-fertilizer strains on sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid complex) production RESEARCH ARTICLE H.M.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FORESTRY AND CROP IMPROVEMENT (June, 2011); 2 (1) : 25-29 RESEARCH ARTICLE Received : Jan., 2011; Accepted : March, 2011 Influence of bio-fertilizer strains on sugarcane (Saccharum
More informationFinal Report effect of funnel ants on eleven commercial clones of sugarcane at Tully
Sugar Research Australia Ltd. elibrary Completed projects final reports http://elibrary.sugarresearch.com.au/ Pest, Disease and Weed Management 1996 Final Report effect of funnel ants on eleven commercial
More informationIMPACT OF SUGARCANE THRIPS, FULMEKIOLA SERRATA (KOBUS) (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) ON SUGARCANE YIELD IN FIELD TRIALS
IMPACT OF SUGARCANE THRIPS, FULMEKIOLA SERRATA (KOBUS) (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) ON SUGARCANE YIELD IN FIELD TRIALS WAY M J, RUTHERFORD R S, SEWPERSAD C, LESLIE G W AND KEEPING M G South African Sugarcane
More informationINFLUENCE OF PLANTING TECHNIQUES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SPRING PLANTED SUGARCANE (SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM L.)
Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 44(), 2007 INFLUENCE OF PLANTING TECHNIQUES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SPRING PLANTED SUGARCANE (SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM L.) Muhammad Umer Chattha, Asghar Ali and Muhammad Bilal Department
More informationINFLUENCE OF YIELD AND OTHER CANE CHARACTERISTICS ON CANE LOSS AND PRODUCT QUALITY. University of Southern Queensland/NCEA, Australia
1 INFLUENCE OF YIELD AND OTHER CANE CHARACTERISTICS ON CANE LOSS AND PRODUCT QUALITY By S KHAWPRATEEP 1, 2, TA JENSEN 1, BL SCHROEDER 1, S EBERHARD 1 1 University of Southern Queensland/NCEA, Australia
More informationReductions in sugarcane yields with moisture shortages (Smith, 1998) Section 16.3 SUGARCANE YIELD ESTIMATION R.E. Schuze, P.J. Hull and M.
Section 16.3 SUGARCANE YIELD ESTIMATION R.E. Schuze, P.J. Hull and M. Maharaj Background Information South Africa is ranked 13th in the world (SA Yearbook, 05) as a producer of sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum.
More informationESTIMATES OF REGIONAL SCALE WATER USE FOR SUGARCANE IN SOUTH AFRICA *
SHORT COMMUNICATION ESTIMATES OF REGIONAL SCALE WATER USE FOR SUGARCANE IN SOUTH AFRICA * BEZUIDENHOUT C N 1, LECLER N L 2, GERS C 2 and LYNE P W L 2 1 School of Bioresources Engineering & Environmental
More informationPRESENTATION SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF CHANGES IN AGRONOMIC PRACTICES ON SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF SUGARCANE ON THE NORTH COAST OF KWAZULU-NATAL CONTEXT
PRESENTATION SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF CHANGES IN AGRONOMIC PRACTICES ON SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF SUGARCANE ON THE NORTH COAST OF KWAZULU-NATAL CONTEXT A PRESENTATION TO THE SOUTH AFRICAN SUGAR INDUSTRY
More informationSYSTEMS AND COSTS OF LAND PREPARATION, PLANTING AND RATOON MANAGEMENT
MECHANISATION REPORT NO. 2 SYSTEMS AND COSTS OF LAND PREPARATION, PLANTING AND RATOON MANAGEMENT The costs given in the following tables are based on replanting 20 hectares per year and using new equipment
More informationThe User Method Statement
The User Method Statement This User Statement complements the Department of Environment and Heritage Protection document General Approval of a resource for beneficial use Sugar Mill By-Products (Filter
More informationCHAPTER 8 EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND SPACING ON STEM YIELD AND JUICE QUALITY OF TWO SWEET SORGHUM LANDRACES
CHAPTER 8 EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND SPACING ON STEM YIELD AND JUICE QUALITY OF TWO SWEET SORGHUM LANDRACES 8.1 ABSTRACT Main effects of nitrogen, landrace and spacing were studied at the Experimental Farm
More informationCHANGES IN SOIL FERTILITY INDUCED BY TRASH RETEN- TION AND FERTILISER APPLICATIONS ON THE LONG-TERM TRASH MANAGEMENT TRIAL AT MOUNT EDGECOMBE
CHANGES IN SOIL FERTILITY INDUCED BY TRASH RETEN- TION AND FERTILISER APPLICATIONS ON THE LONG-TERM TRASH MANAGEMENT TRIAL AT MOUNT EDGECOMBE M.H. GRAHAM 1, R.J. HAYNES 1 AND J.H. MEYER 2 1 School of Applied
More informationSUSTAINABILITY FOR A SUGARCANE GROWER IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN SUGAR INDUSTRY CAN SUSFARMS ADD VALUE? K.M. Hurly. Abstract
SUSTAINABILITY FOR A SUGARCANE GROWER IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN SUGAR INDUSTRY CAN SUSFARMS ADD VALUE? K.M. Hurly CANEGROWERS, PO Box 888, Mount Edgecombe,4300 Abstract A farm management system called SUSFARMS
More informationGROWTH AND YIELD OF A SUGARCANE PLANT CROP UNDER WATER STRESS IMPOSED THROUGH DEFICIT DRIP IRRIGATION
REFEREED PAPER GROWTH AND YIELD OF A SUGARCANE PLANT CROP UNDER WATER STRESS IMPOSED THROUGH DEFICIT DRIP IRRIGATION ROSSLER RL 1,2, SINGELS A 1,2, OLIVIER FC 1 AND STEYN JM 2 1 South African Sugarcane
More informationEconomics and Intercropping Indices of Sugarcane Based Intercropping System in Plant Cane
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 08 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.708.012
More informationCOST IMPLICATIONS AND GROWER PERCEPTIONS OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILISER RECOMMENDATIONS BASED ON SOIL TESTS NOT CALIBRATED FOR SUGARCANE
COST IMPLICATIONS AND GROWER PERCEPTIONS OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILISER RECOMMENDATIONS BASED ON SOIL TESTS NOT CALIBRATED FOR SUGARCANE F BOTHA and J H MEYER South African Sugar Association Experiment Station,
More informationINFORMATION SHEETS AS AT 31 OCTOBER 2010
INFORMATION SHEETS AS AT 31 OCTOBER 2010 Editorial Note: Please note that these Information Sheets are updated as and when the information contained herein becomes outdated. Please contact SASRI to enquire
More informationASSESSING NITROGEN FERTIGATION STRATEGIES FOR DRIP IRRIGATED SUGARCANE IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
ASSESSING NITROGEN FERTIGATION STRATEGIES FOR DRIP IRRIGATED SUGARCANE IN SOUTHERN AFRICA D W F Butler 1, J H Meyer 2 and A W Schumann 3 1 Swaziland Sugar Association, PO Box 367, Simunye, Swaziland 2
More informationAN EXTENSION SPECIALIST S YIELD AND GROSS REVENUE DATABASE, USED TO GUIDE RECOMMENDATIONS AND IMPROVE GROWER PROFITABILITY
REFEREED PAPER AN EXTENSION SPECIALIST S YIELD AND GROSS REVENUE DATABASE, USED TO GUIDE RECOMMENDATIONS AND IMPROVE GROWER PROFITABILITY MCELLIGOTT DM 1, VAN ANTWERPEN R 1.2, DUCASSE G 3 1 South African
More informationSugarcane Variety Census: Florida
SS AGR 266 Sugarcane Variety Census: Florida 2003 1 B. Glaz, J. Vonderwell and R. A. Gilbert 2 This report was first published in the July, 2004 issue of Sugar Journal. This annual variety census of the
More informationVarietal Variation in Growth, Physiology and Yield of Sugarcane under Two Contrasting Water Regimes
Tropical Agricultural Research Vol. 16: 1-12 (2004) Varietal Variation in Growth, Physiology and Yield of Sugarcane under Two Contrasting Water Regimes A.L.C. De Silva and W.A.J.M. De Costa 1 Postgraduate
More informationEvaluation of mid-late clones of sugarcane for their cane yield and yield components
International Journal of Farm Sciences 5(1) : 1-7, 2015 Evaluation of mid-late clones of sugarcane for their cane yield and yield components D ADILAKSHMI Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University Regional
More informationCORRELATION AND HERITABILITY STUDIES IN SUGARCANE MALI, S. C. AND *PATEL, A. I.
CORRELATION AND HERITABILITY STUDIES IN SUGARCANE MALI, S. C. AND *PATEL, A. I. REGIONAL SUGARCANE RESEARCH STATION NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY NAVSARI - 396 450, GUJARAT, INDIA *Email: akshay742000@yahoo.co.in
More informationRATES FOR SASRI SERVICES
SOUTH AFRICAN SUGARCANE RESEARCH INSTITUTE RATES FOR SASRI SERVICES 2015-201 Prices do NOT include VAT (Prices subject to change 1 April 201) Private Bag X02 Mount Edgecombe 4300 KwaZulu-Natal Telephone
More informationCOMPONENTS OF GENOTYPE BY ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION AMONG SASRI REGIONAL BREEDING AND SELECTION PROGRAMMES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS
Zhou et al roc S Afr Sug Technol Ass (2011) 84: 363-374 REFEREED AER CETS F ETYE BY EVRET TERACT A SASR REA BREED AD SEECT RRAES AD TER CATS ZU, S S, ARTZ T AD BERSTE South African Sugar Sugarcane Research
More informationCLIMATE, SUGAR YIELDS AND IRRIGATIOPT RESPONSE IN QUEENSLAND
1970 THIRTY-SEVENTH CONFERENCE CLIMATE, SUGAR YIELDS AND IRRIGATIOPT RESPONSE IN QUEENSLAND By B. J. WHITE Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane Summary Sugar yields over the period 1945-69 have been
More informationEFFECTS OF DATE AND RATE OF BILLET PLANTING ON SUGARCANE YIELD
EFFECTS OF DATE AND RATE OF BILLET PLANTING ON SUGARCANE YIELD J. W. Hoy 1*, A. E. Arceneaux 2, and C. F. Savario 1 1 Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology and 2 Department of Agronomy and
More informationTHE INTERACTION OF HERBICIDES AND NEMATlClDES ON PLANT CANE GROWN IN WEAK SANDY SOILS
Proceedings of The South African Sugar Technologists' Association - June 98 7 THE NTERACTON OF HERBCDES AND NEMATlClDES ON PLANT CANE GROWN N WEAK SANDY SOLS By R. A. DONALDSON and P. E. T. TURNER South
More informationOn-Farm Evaluation of Twin-Row Corn in Southern Minnesota in 2010 and 2011 Stahl, Lizabeth A.B. and Jeffrey A. Coulter
On-Farm Evaluation of Twin-Row Corn in Southern Minnesota in 2010 and 2011 Stahl, Lizabeth A.B. and Jeffrey A. Coulter INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Growers are continually striving to increase corn yield
More informationOn-Farm Evaluation of Twin-Row Corn in Southern Minnesota (2010 to 2012) Stahl, Lizabeth A.B. and Jeffrey A. Coulter
On-Farm Evaluation of Twin-Row Corn in Southern Minnesota (2010 to 2012) Stahl, Lizabeth A.B. and Jeffrey A. Coulter INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Growers are continually striving to increase corn yield
More information9 Egypt. J. Agron. Vol. 37, No. 2, pp (2015)
9 Egypt. J. Agron. Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 137-157 (2015) Yield and Ratooning Ability of Thirty Sugar Cane Genotypes M. I. Masri # and M. M. M. Amein Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo Univeristy,
More informationPotassium Fertilizer Recommendations for Sugarcane on Florida Organic Soils 1
SS-AGR-428 Potassium Fertilizer Recommendations for Sugarcane on Florida Organic Soils 1 J. Mabry McCray 2 Introduction This document is intended primarily for Florida sugarcane growers but may also be
More informationSimulation of Potential Growth of Sugarcane in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka
Simulation of Potential Growth of Sugarcane in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka K. Sarunuganathan and G.C.L. Wyseure 1 Sugarcane Research Institute Uda Walawe. ABSTRACT. A crop growth model was developed to simulate
More informationABSTRACT Field experiment was conducted during and on deep black soil. Results revealed
Agric. Sci. Digest, 32 (2) : 117-122, 2012 Vol. 32, No. 2, 2012 117 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE www.ar.arccjour ccjournals.com / indianjournals.com nals.com SOIL FERTILITY AND YIELD OF SUGARCANE
More informationEFFECT OF ROW SPACING ON SEEDCANE YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN WESTERN KENYA
Omoto G et al Proc S Afr Sug Technol Ass (2013) 86: 19-155 SHORT O-REFEREED PAPER EFFECT OF ROW SPACIG O SEEDCAE YIELD AD YIELD COMPOETS I WESTER KEYA OMOTO G 1, AUMA EO 2 AD MUASYA RM 2 1 Kenya Sugar
More informationSOlL DEGRADATION - II: EFFECT OF TRASH AND INORGANIC FERTILISER APPLICATION ON SOlL STRENGTH
SOlL DEGRADATION - II: EFFECT OF TRASH AND INORGANIC FERTILISER APPLICATION ON SOlL STRENGTH R VAN ANTWERPEN AND JH MEYER South African Sugar Association Experiment Station, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe,
More informationMANUAL SUGARCANE CUTTER PERFORMANCES IN THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN REGION
MANUAL SUGARCANE CUTTER PERFORMANCES IN THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN REGION E MEYER 1 and L J FENWICK 2 1 South African Sugar Association Experiment Station, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa 2 South
More informationApplying Dairy Lagoon Water to Alfalfa
Manure Technical Bulletin Series University of California Cooperative Extension Applying Dairy Lagoon Water to Alfalfa This bulletin discusses use of dairy lagoon water on alfalfa and summarizes a field
More informationCORRELATION AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS IN INDIAN MUSTARD [Brassica juncea (L.) CZERN & COSS] RATHOD, V. B., *MEHTA, D. R. AND SOLANKI, H. V.
CORRELATION AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS IN INDIAN MUSTARD [Brassica juncea (L.) CZERN & COSS] RATHOD, V. B., *MEHTA, D. R. AND SOLANKI, H. V. DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING JUNAGADH AGRICULTURAL
More informationMaturity Curves and Harvest Schedule Recommendations for CP Sugarcane Varieties 1
SSAGR221 Maturity Curves and Harvest Schedule Recommendations for CP Sugarcane Varieties 1 Hardev S. Sandhu, Maninder P. Singh, Robert A. Gilbert, James M. Shine Jr., Ronald W. Rice, and D. C. Odero 2
More informationIMPACTS OF PAPER MILL PRIMARY CLARIFIER SLUDGE ON SUGAR CANE PRODUCTION AND YIELDS
IMPACTS OF PAPER MILL PRIMARY CLARIFIER SLUDGE ON SUGAR CANE PRODUCTION AND YIELDS R. Hendrick 1, B. L. Legendre 2, K. P. Bischoff 3, and K. A. Gravois 3 Agronomy Department 1, St. Gabriel Research Station
More informationABSTRACT INTRODUCTION
GENOTYPIC PERFORMANCE OF PRESOWN SUGARCANE UNDER SOUTHERN PUNJAB CONDITIONS Muhammad Aslam, Naeem Ahmad, Muhammad Kashif Hanif* and Raja Javed-ur-Rehman** *Sugarcane Research Station, Khanpur **Fodder
More informationAGRONOMIC TRIALS ON SUGARCANE CROP UNDER FAISALABAD CONDITIONS, PAKISTAN
Pak. J. Bot., 43(2): 929-935, 2011. AGRONOMIC TRIALS ON SUGARCANE CROP UNDER FAISALABAD CONDITIONS, PAKISTAN LALL KHAN BABAR 1, TEHREEMA IFTIKHAR 2*, HAMMAD NAQI KHAN 1 AND ARIF HAMID MAKHDUM 1 1 World
More informationPREDICTING TRACTOR ENGINE LOADING IN TILLAGE OPERATIONS
SHORT NON-REFEREED PAPER PREDICTING TRACTOR ENGINE LOADING IN TILLAGE OPERATIONS BOOTE DN 1, SMITHERS JC 2 AND LYNE PWL 1 1 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300,
More informationYield and quality analysis of spring planted sugarcane as influenced by nutrient and weed management
Indian Journal of Weed Science 45(2): 120 125, 2013 Yield and quality analysis of spring planted sugarcane as influenced by nutrient and weed management Sandeep Kumar, Vachin Kumar, Avesh Kumar, Sanjay
More informationCHAPTER 7 EFFECT OF PLANTING DATE AND SPACING ON STEM YIELD AND SUCROSE CONCENTRATION OF SWEET SORGHUM
CHAPTER 7 EFFECT OF PLANTING DATE AND SPACING ON STEM YIELD AND SUCROSE CONCENTRATION OF SWEET SORGHUM 7.1 ABSTRACT The effects of planting date and spacing were studied at the Experimental Farm of the
More informationGreen cane trash blanket Australia - Trash blanket
Green cane trash blanket Australia - Trash blanket Elimination of burning as a pre-harvest treatment of sugar cane, and managing the resultant trash as a protective blanket to give multiple on and off-site
More informationAhmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria *Corresponding author: Tel: ABSTRACT
ISSN - 2277-2755 UNAAB 2010 Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment YIELD AND YIELD CHARACTERS OF SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench )VARIETIES AS INFLUENCED BY IRRIGATION INTERVAL AND PLANT DENSITY
More information2014 Final Report Seeding Rates, and Plant and Stem Density as Tools to Estimate Forage Yield In Glyphosate-Tolerant Alfalfa. Marisol Berti, North
Final Report Seeding Rates, and Plant and Stem Density as Tools to Estimate Forage Yield In Glyphosate-Tolerant Alfalfa. Marisol Berti, North Dakota State University Alfredo Aponte, Dulan Samarappuli,
More informationJournal American Society of Sugar Cane Technologists, Vol. 32, 2012
Determining Breakeven Third Stubble Sugar Yields to Economically Optimize Sugarcane Crop Cycle Length Michael E. Salassi, 1* Michael A. Deliberto 1 and Juan Steer Nunes 1 1 Department of Agricultural Economics
More informationMaturity Curves and Harvest Schedule Recommendations for CP Sugarcane Varieties 1
SSAGR221 Maturity Curves and Harvest Schedule Recommendations for CP Sugarcane Varieties 1 Robert A. Gilbert, James M. Shine, Jr., Jimmy D. Miller, Ronald W. Rice, and D. C. Odero 2 Introduction Given
More informationSYNTHESIS REPORT 2009/ /13 Wet Seasons
SYNTHESIS REPORT 2009/10-2012/13 Wet Seasons Runoff and Water Quality from Best Management Practices in Sugarcane Farming Reef Water Quality Science Program in the Mackay Whitsunday Region K. Rohde, B.
More informationBILLET PLANTING RESEARCH. J. W. Hoy and C. F. Savario Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology
BILLET PLANTING RESEARCH J. W. Hoy and C. F. Savario Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology Research continued to develop methods to maximize the chances of success with billet (stalk section)
More informationIMPACT OF SUGARCANE FALLOW MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ON WATER QUALITY AND PLANT YIELD
IMPACT OF SUGARCANE FALLOW MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ON WATER QUALITY AND PLANT YIELD R.L. Bengtson 1 and K.A. Gravois 2 1 Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department 2 LSU Agricultural Center, Sugar
More information