Permaculture as a Catalyst for Agroforestry Adoption Perennial Production Systems on Diversified Farms
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1 Permaculture as a Catalyst for Agroforestry Adoption Perennial Production Systems on Diversified Farms Dr. Rafter Sass Ferguson Dr. Sarah Taylor Lovell Multifunctional Landscape Analysis and Design Lab University of Illinois at Urbana-Champagin multifunctionallandscape.com North American Agroforestry Conference 2015 Ames, Iowa
2 Overview Introduction What is permaculture? Objectives Methods Results & Discussion Synthesis
3 permanent ~ agriculture A Perennial Agriculture for Human Settlement David Holmgren Bill Mollison Founded 1975
4 international distribution Projects on Permaculture Global
5 912 Responses to 2012 web survey (English only) Grassroots Engagement with Transition to Sustainability: Diversity and Modes of Participation in the International Permaculture Movement. Ferguson RS, ST Lovell. (In Press) Ecology and Society.
6 the conscious design and maintenance of agriculturally productive ecosystems which have the diversity, stability, and resilience of natural ecosystems. Mollison 1988, p. ix Permaculture for agroecology: design, movement, practice, worldview. A review. Ferguson RS & Lovell ST, Agronomy for Sustainable Development 34:2, pp
7 PRACTICES CONCEPTS AGROECOLOGY many distinctive elements common elements agroforestry agrobiodiversity semi-natural landscape elements PERMACULTURE distinctive approach or emphasis design framework land use & livelihood diversity synergies between components multifunctionality nutrient cycling reduced tillage biological pest control crop rotation intercropping alternative crops perennial polycultures integrated water mgmt
8 Overview Introduction What is permaculture? Objectives Methods Results & Discussion Synthesis
9 How are permaculture farmers assembling livelihoods around diversified and alternative production? Quantify the nature and scope of income diversification: perennial production systems, other production and nonproduction enterprises Quantify adoption of AF practices for farmstead and commercial use Synthesis: does permaculture play a role in catalyzing adoption and supporting producers?
10 Overview Introduction What is permaculture? Objectives Methods Results & Discussion Synthesis
11 Methods Data Collection
12 Field Research: Jun Jan sites 5-12 hours / visit crowdfunded at $10,000 / 175 donors
13 Field Research: Jun Jan sites 5-12 hours / visit crowdfunded at $10,000 / 175 donors
14 Methods Analysis 1. Characterization - farm characteristics - agroecosystem mapping (ongoing) 2. Classification and clustering (3. Modeling returns to labor)
15 Overview Introduction What is permaculture? Objectives Methods Results & Discussion Synthesis
16 Results and Discussion Characterization
17 Scale Gross Income Acres in Production $ $800,000 farm-based income acres in production
18 Age and Experience Years Farming Age of Farm 2-40 years of farming experience year old farms
19 Agroecosystem mapping (ongoing) OR TN 14 ha 0.6 prod CA 1 22 ha 3.3 prod 28 ha 5.6 prod VA CA 2 3 ha 1.8 prod 779 ha 483 prod
20 OR seed production 28 ha 5.6 prod open and woodland pasture mixed annual/perennial
21 TN 14 ha 0.6 prod multi-species silvopasture forest garden w/ poultry water management
22 22 ha 3.3 prod 40 ac 30 prod water management pollination services water mgmt/terracing
23 VA annual production 3 ac 1.8 prod contour cultivation mixed annual/perennial drip irrigation & low tunnel
24 CA ha 483 prod large up-slope reservoir orchard silvopasture rangeland
25 Prevalence of AF practices on 48 permaculture sites for home and commercial use
26 Results and Discussion Clustering
27 Clustering of 36 farms based on distribution of gross income across enterprises classes $300K Enterprise class $200K cultural material animal $100K perennial annual $0 cultural/ production animal base cultural service base small mixed production integrated production mixed
28 Overview Introduction What is permaculture? Objectives Methods Results & Discussion Synthesis: catalyzing adoption and supporting producers
29
30 Permaculture farmers are...
31 Permaculture farmers are... implementing AF at a high rate
32 Permaculture farmers are... implementing AF at a high rate managing highly multifunctional landscapes
33 Permaculture farmers are... implementing AF at a high rate managing highly multifunctional landscapes facing same hostile environment as other AF producers and diversifed farms
34 Permaculture farmers are... implementing AF at a high rate managing highly multifunctional landscapes facing same hostile environment as other AF producers and diversifed farms using a familiar set of strategies to survive (non-production enterprises)
35 Neither magic wand nor pyramid scheme!
36 Neither magic wand nor pyramid scheme! Permaculture is not...
37 Neither magic wand nor pyramid scheme! Permaculture is not... enabling farmers to simply avoid or overwhelm the constraints of a hostile environment
38 Neither magic wand nor pyramid scheme! Permaculture is not... enabling farmers to simply avoid or overwhelm the constraints of a hostile environment Permaculture is...
39 Neither magic wand nor pyramid scheme! Permaculture is not... enabling farmers to simply avoid or overwhelm the constraints of a hostile environment Permaculture is... fostering the narratives and values that inspire and motivate AF & diversified producers
40 Neither magic wand nor pyramid scheme! Permaculture is not... enabling farmers to simply avoid or overwhelm the constraints of a hostile environment Permaculture is... fostering the narratives and values that inspire and motivate AF & diversified producers providing social capital for cultural enterprises (i.e. education)
41 Neither magic wand nor pyramid scheme! Permaculture is not... enabling farmers to simply avoid or overwhelm the constraints of a hostile environment Permaculture is... fostering the narratives and values that inspire and motivate AF & diversified producers providing social capital for cultural enterprises (i.e. education) connecting farmers with communities and networks
42 Thank you. Acknowledgements The Agroecology Scholars Program and the JB Turner Fellowship The Multifunctional Landscape Analysis and Design Lab Group My lab assistant Devin Renee Jen All 175 donors to my field research All 48 farmers who took the time to participate
43 Results Model
44
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