Advanced Crop Science, IV-23
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1 UNIT IV - IDENTIFYING AND SELECTING CROPS AND SEEDS Lesson 2: Crop Selection Competency/Objective: Identify factors that determine crop selection. Study Questions References 1. What factors affect crop selection? 2. How does the growing region affect crop selection? 3. What are the maturity groups for selected crops? 4. What economic factors influence crop selection? 1. Advanced Crop Science (Student Reference). University of Missouri-Columbia: Instructional Materials Laboratory, 2000, Unit IV. 2. Transparency Masters a) TM 2.1: Spring Frost Dates b) TM 2.2: Fall Frost Dates c) TM 2.3: Average Annual Rainfall d) TM 2.4: Soybean Maturity Zones 3. Activity Sheet a) AS 2.1: Crop Selection Factors Advanced Crop Science, IV-23
2 Advanced Crop Science, IV-24
3 UNIT IV - IDENTIFYING AND SELECTING CROPS AND SEEDS Lesson 2: Crop Selection TEACHING PROCEDURES A. Review Lesson 1 taught what characteristics to look for when identifying plants. This lesson will expand on that information to include growth characteristics to aid the producer in selecting a specific crop. B. Motivation Ask the students to survey the grain producers in their area, listing not only what crops are grown, but also what varieties are planted. Share this information with the class to draw conclusions on a consensus of producer preferences. C. Assignment D. Supervised Study E. Discussion 1. Discuss with the class various factors that affect crop selection. What factors affect crop selection? a) Climate 1) Rainfall 2) Temperature b) Soil conditions 1) Soil type 2) Soil fertility (a) Existing nutrient supplies (b) Fertilizer recommendations c) Field history 1) Past rotations 2) Current cropping options 3) Current cultural and biological conditions d) Equipment resources e) Economics 1) Input costs 2) Crop value f) Market access 2. Ask students to identify how the growing region affects crop selection. Display TM 2.1 and 2.2 and discuss the average spring and fall frost dates of the United States. TM 2.3 shows the average annual rainfall amounts in Missouri. Also refer to Table 2.1 in the Student Reference to review annual water usage for crops grown in Missouri. How does the growing region affect crop selection? a) Temperature Advanced Crop Science, IV-25
4 1) Cool- and warm-season grasses 2) Planting dates to avoid frost damage b) Rainfall 1) Annual water usage of crops 2) Availability of water c) Soil characteristics 3. Ask students to identify maturity groups for selected crops. Refer to TM 2.4 as an example of maturity groups for soybeans in Missouri. What are the maturity groups for selected crops? a) Corn 1) Full season 2) Mid-season 3) Late season b) Soybeans 1) Maturity groups for Missouri include II through VI. 2) May use an earlier maturing seed if double-cropping. c) Wheat 1) Hard red winter 2) Hard red spring 3) Soft red winter d) Sorghum 1) Similar to corn in planting dates 2) Four basic maturity groups e) Cotton 1) New World cotton (a) Upland (b) Pima 2) Old World cotton (a) Tree (b) Levant f) Rice 1) Very early maturing 2) Early maturing 3) Intermediate or late maturing g) Forages 1) Cool season (a) Grasses - fescue, orchard grass, ryegrass, timothy (b) Legumes - bird s-foot trefoil, alsike clover, ladino clover (c) Thrive when moisture is adquate and temperatures are between 65 and 75EF (d) Exhibit vigorous growth in the spring and fall months 2) Warm season (a) Initiate growth during late April or early May (b) Produce 65 to 75% growth from mid-june to mid-august (c) Soils with low moisture-holding capacity, low ph, low phosphorus levels (d) Grasses - big bluestem, Indiangrass, switchgrass (e) Legumes - alfalfa, crownvetch, lespedeza 4. Discuss economic factors that influence crop selection. Emphasize the importance of developing a marketing plan. What economic factors influence crop selection? Advanced Crop Science, IV-26
5 F. Other Activity a) Land b) Labor c) Capital d) Management Have a crop production specialist from a local seed supplier visit the class and discuss what seeds are sold to producers in that area. G. Conclusion A grain producer has several factors to consider before selecting a specific crop and the variety of the crop planted. These factors include the climate, soil conditions, length of growing season, and economic factors. A relatively new problem has developed for producers with the advent of certain crop weeds that have developed an immunity to herbicides. This is leading producers to consider different methods of weed control. H. Answers to Activity Sheet 1. e 2. j 3. b 4. i 5. f 6. a 7. l 8. k 9. g 10. d 11. h 12. c I. Answers to Evaluation 1. a 2. b 3. b 4. Any four of the following: climate, soil conditions, field history, equipment resources, economic demands, or market access 5. Temperature, rainfall, soil characteristics 6. Different maturity groups may reduce the damage of diseases and environmental stress while also spreading out the harvest time and workload. 7. Land, labor, capital, management Advanced Crop Science, IV-27
6 Advanced Crop Science, IV-28
7 UNIT IV - IDENTIFYING AND SELECTING CROPS AND SEEDS Name Lesson 2: Crop Selection Date EVALUATION Circle the letter that corresponds to the best answer. 1. Which of the following crops are not considered a cool-season plant? a. Corn b. Wheat c. Fescue d. Oats 2. Which type of wheat is predominately grown in Missouri? a. Hard red spring b. Hard red winter c. Soft red winter d. Soft red summer 3. Rice is grown in the part of Missouri. a. Northeast b. Southeast c. Northwest d. Southwest Complete the following short answer questions. 4. List four of the six major factors that must be considered when making the selection of a specific crop. a. b. c. d. 5. What three factors determine growing regions for specific crops? a. b. c. 6. Explain why a corn producer might plant two different maturity groups of corn. Advanced Crop Science, IV-29
8 7. List the four major economic factors that may influence a crop selection. a. b. c. d. Advanced Crop Science, IV-30
9 Spring Frost Dates TM 2.1 Advanced Crop Science, IV-31
10 Advanced Crop Science, IV-32
11 Fall Frost Dates TM 2.2 Advanced Crop Science, IV-33
12 Advanced Crop Science, IV-34
13 Average Annual Rainfall TM 2.3 Advanced Crop Science, IV-35
14 Advanced Crop Science, IV-36
15 Soybean Maturity Zones TM 2.4 Advanced Crop Science, IV-37
16 Advanced Crop Science, IV-38
17 UNIT IV - IDENTIFYING AND SELECTING CROPS AS 2.1 Lesson 2: Crop Selection Name Crop Selection Factors Objective: Students will demonstrate a knowledge of factors used to select certain crops. Directions: Match the definition in the right column to the correct crop selection factor in the left column. 1. Input costs 2. Growing region 3. Cool season crops 4. Warm season crops 5. Soil condition 6. Maturity group 7. Capital 8. Weed control strategies 9. Upland 10. Inventory of resources 11. Calendarizing a crop 12. Field history a. Determined by length of its growing season b. Wheat, oats, barley, fescue c. Past planting of crops and their rotation d. Land, labor, capital, and management e. Fuel, seed, chemicals, and fertilizer f. Determined by soil test to find its nutritive value g. Type of cotton grown in the United States h. Planting more than one maturity group of a crop to spread out the harvest times i. Corn, soybeans, cotton, grain sorghum j. Determined by temperature, rainfall, and soil condition k. Plowing, burning, grazing animals, crop rotation l. Money required to purchase fuel, seed and fertilizer Advanced Crop Science, IV-39
18 Advanced Crop Science, IV-40
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