Optimizing Cereal Productivity using Seed Treatments & Fungicides

Transcription

1 Optimizing Cereal Productivity using Seed Treatments & Fungicides Wheat U 2017 Paula Halabicki Technical Market Manager

2 High Yields Are Not Accidents Potential Crop Yield Minimum or Limiting Factor Fertility Fungicide Population Genetics Severe Weather Justus von Liebig

3 Wheat Production Insights Establishment Rapid Vegetative Growth Flag Leaf through Grain Fill Soil Prep / Seeding Up to 60% of final yield potential is determined at planting 4-6 weeks of growth prior to dormancy required to min winter kill Tillering Jointing / Stem Extension Flag Flowering Harvest Head number determined: heads/ft 2 Kernels per head determined: 35 kernels/head Flag leaf produces 60-70% of total required to maximize yield required to maximize yield photosynthate for grain fill Wheat requires 2.6 lbs. of N per bushel of yield Reduced stress critical to maximize yield Healthy leaves promote high test weights Head scab and DON can reduce yield and quality Post harvest weed control essential to maximize soil stored water

4 Plant Establishment: Risk Factors Environmental Conditions Temperature Moisture Soil Texture Seed Quality Varieties Seed Lot Seed Size Chlorophyll Storage Seed Treatments Germination, Vigor, Stand Establishment Pests Wire Worm, Aphids, Seedling Diseases Seeding Practices Seeding Date Seeding Depth Seeding Rate Soil Preparation Fertility

5 Seedling Diseases Seed borne diseases Infection of mother plant during its life cycle Lead to presence of fungal spores on or inside the seed Fusarium, Cochliobolus, and Smuts Soil borne diseases Fungi present in the soil or organic material Fusarium, Pythium, Penecillium and Rhizoctonia Some diseases can be both

6 Importance of Seed Tests Germination test % of seeds capable of germination under the best possible conditions Vigor test % of seeds that will germinate and be vigorous enough to survive the stresses associated with emergence Disease test % of seeds that contain spores from the specific pathogen present on their surface yes/no

7 Seed Treatment Recommendations Plan for a seed treatment if: seed has tested positive for a seed borne disease field has a history of disease (inoculum source) seed has tested positive for any level of Fusarium or Cochliobolus Read Label for Diseases Controlled: Not all STs are equal

8 Find a New Seed Lot > 14% Total Fusarium or Cochliobolus, DISCARD > 5% F. graminearum, DISCARD even premium seed treatments will not have enough activity to manage the disease to acceptable levels reductions in plant stands addition of disease inoculum into the field DO NOT use fusarium infected seed at ANY level if you don t have a history of fusarium in the field

9 Why use a premium seed treatment?

10 1. Complete Disease Control MMOA product Active Ingredients: Xemium (Gr 7) Pyraclostrobin (Gr 11) Triticonazole (Gr 3) Metalaxyl (Gr 4) Add an insecticide when needed

11 2. Stringent Testing Both Field and 3 rd Party evaluations Use inoculated soil and/or infected seed to ensure high disease pressure Un-Inoculated Check Inoculated Check Inoculated Stamina F3 Cereals

12 3. Improved Disease Control Inoculated Fusarium Inoculated Fusarium Stamina F3 Cereals Inoculated Fusarium Stamina F3 Cereals + Xemium 2013-E30-A-US-UGALN1 Increased efficacy against Fusarium spp. with Xemium added to the mix

13 4. Plant Health Benefits Increased and Consistent Emergence Metcalfe Malt Barley 4/24/17- Fairhaven Colony, Ulm, MT NipsIt Suite Cereals (5oz./cwt) Stamina F3 + Xemium Always read and follow label directions. Nipsit is a registered trademark of Valent. Stamina and Xemium are registered trademarks of BASF BASF Corporation. All rights reserved.

14 4. Plant Health Benefits Increased Cold Tolerance BASF laboratory study, RTP. 10 C cold saturated soil. Untreated Stamina F4 Always read and follow label directions. Nipsit is a registered trademark of Valent. Stamina and Xemium are registered trademarks of BASF BASF Corporation. All rights reserved.

15 4. Plant Health Benefits Increased Vigor & Biomass April 26 th, 2017, On Farm - 14 days after planting Regent, ND Untreated Stamina F3 + Xemium + Senator 600FS Always read and follow label directions. Nipsit is a registered trademark of Valent. Stamina and Xemium are registered trademarks of BASF BASF Corporation. All rights reserved.

16 5. Higher Yield Potential 2016 Winter Wheat Trials Conrad, Billings, Fort Benton MT. *All treatments included FloRite 1197 at 2 fl oz/100wt. Cruiser was added to every treatment at 0.66 fl oz/cwt CruiserMaxx Vibrance 50.4 Evergol Energy 52.4 Stamina F4 Cereals 53.9 Untreated 50.4 Vibrance is a registered trademark of Syngenta EverGol is a registered trademark of Bayer CropScience. Stamina is a registered trademark of BASF BASF Corporation. All Rights Reserved Yield Bu/A

17 Importance of Uniform Plant Stand Weed competition and control Decreased tillering leading to more uniform staging Timing and efficacy of herbicide and fungicide applications Gain yield from a thick, even, healthy crop stand

18 Your crop is well established. What are the next concerns for disease management?

19 Cereal Production Goals and Challenges? Goals Maximizing Production and Yield High Grain Grade Quality High Return on Investments Disease Control Challenges Leaf Diseases Weather Stress Application Timing

20 Understanding Pathogen Infection Preventative Control Post-Infection Control

21 Infection and Application Timelines Infection Time-line Spore INFECTION Latent period VISIBLE SYMPTOMS SPORULATION No Symptoms Preventative/ Protectant Curative Eradicative/ Antisporulant

22 Wheat Disease Overview Leaf Rust Spores from overwintering tissue or southern states Infection in 4 hours if leaves are wet New pustules erupt in 7-10 days

23 Wheat Disease Overview Stripe Rust Infection requires high humidity for 4-6 hours at F (longer time at higher and lower temps) Infection to sporulation = days Mycelial growth can continue after spores are produced

24 Wheat Disease Overview Tan Spot Wind/rain blown within canopy and between fields, produced on residue. Alternate hosts: rye, wheatgrass, smooth brome, quackgrass Infection occurs between F on wet foliage

25 Wheat Disease Overview Septoria Initial infection dispersed by wind/rain (produced several weeks after infection) Secondary spread within the canopy via rain splash (produced 14 days after infection) Infect the leaf via the stomata Infection requires 20 hours of high humidity

26 Wheat Disease Overview Powdery Mildew Initial infection dispersed by wind, survives on residue Initial and secondary spread within the canopy via wind/rain splash (produced 7-10 days after infection) Infection requires high humidity (85-100%) and F

27 Risk Factors for Disease Development Planting into stubble (no-till/low till) Irrigation/ high rainfall High humidity/moist areas Rust development to the south Prolonged cool weather delays the crop development and extends window of disease development.

28 Reducing the Risk of Leaf Disease Rotate crops to reduce the build-up of crop-specific disease inoculum in residue Possibly tillage Use certified treated seed to help avoid introducing seedborne inoculum Plant resistant varieties Plan a preventative application of a foliar fungicide at the optimal time for effectiveness

29 Do I scout and wait for the disease to show up? Importance of application timing.

30 Wheat Production Insights Establishment Rapid Vegetative Growth Flag Leaf through Grain Fill Soil Prep / Seeding Up to 60% of final yield potential is determined at planting 4-6 weeks of growth prior to dormancy required to min winter kill Tillering Jointing / Stem Extension Flag Flowering Harvest Head number determined: heads/ft 2 Kernels per head determined: 35 kernels/head Flag leaf produces 60-70% of total required to maximize yield required to maximize yield photosynthate for grain fill Wheat requires 2.6 lbs. of N per bushel of yield Reduced stress critical to maximize yield Healthy leaves promote high test weights Head scab and DON can reduce yield and quality Post harvest weed control essential to maximize soil stored water

31 Priaxor Fungicide Tillering Stage Fall Establishment 1. Fall tillers contribute significantly more to yield than spring tillers 2. Fall root establishment is critical for winter survival. Wheat Stand Tillers 3 5 Root Structure 60% Final Yield Per Plant Cold Tolerance

32 Priaxor Fungicide Tiller Establishment 01/06/16 36 DAT Kinston, NC Powdery Mildew, Plant Health 1.36 tillers/plant 1.99 tillers/plant Untreated Enhanced root and tiller development 2 fl oz/a

33 2016 BASF Corporation. All rights reserved. Priaxor Fungicide Promotes Spring Vigor and Early Green-up 2016, OH Plant Health Untreated Priaxor 2 fl oz/a Greener Leaves, more plants, and more tillers for Maximum Yield Always read and follow label directions. Priaxor fungicicde is a registered trademark of BASF.

34 Wheat Production Insights Establishment Rapid Vegetative Growth Flag Leaf through Grain Fill Soil Prep / Seeding Up to 60% of final yield potential is determined at planting 4-6 weeks of growth prior to dormancy required to min winter kill Tillering Jointing / Stem Extension Flag Flowering Harvest Head number determined: heads/ft 2 Kernels per head determined: 35 kernels/head Flag leaf produces 60-70% of total required to maximize yield required to maximize yield photosynthate for grain fill Wheat requires 2.6 lbs. of N per bushel of yield Reduced stress critical to maximize yield Healthy leaves promote high test weights Head scab and DON can reduce yield and quality Post harvest weed control essential to maximize soil stored water

35 Why application timing is Critical Leaf position and contribution to yield

36 Foliar Fungicide Applications Timing

37 Foliar Fungicide Applications Timing and Yield

38 Foliar Fungicide Applications Timing and Disease 2016 Larned KS. Spring applied F5, Flag applied F9. Days after Flag.

39 Optimize your Fungicide Application Apply prior to development of symptoms on Flag leaf to maximize efficacy Use FHB product at Flowering when environment favors development of FHB Adjust sprayer speed and nozzle droplet size to ensure complete coverage. Know your target. Use minimum 10 gal/ac (ground) and 5 gal/ac (air) to maximize coverage. NEXICOR and CARAMBA are rain fast once dry. Timing Environment Coverage Water volume Rain fast Fungicides are best applied prior to disease development in a preventative application. Adjust water volume under dense canopies.

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