Tools for Improving Irrigation Management. Michael Cahn Irrigation and Water Resources Advisor University of California, Cooperative, Monterey Co
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1 Tools for Improving Irrigation Management Michael Cahn Irrigation and Water Resources Advisor University of California, Cooperative, Monterey Co
2 Nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation interactions (ppm) Nitrate-N Soil Grower practice Quick Nitrate Test Field 1 94% of Crop ET (5.1 inches) Field 2 198% of Crop ET (17.4 inches) Days after Planting Treatment Applied N fertilizer (lb/acre) Grower 192 QNT 135 Treatment Applied N fertilizer (lb/acre) Grower 302 QNT 160
3 Applied Water as Percentage of 350 Crop ET Ap pplied Wa ater (% Crop ET) Avg Applied Water = 176% of Crop ET Field Number
4 What s new in irrigation scheduling? Soil moisture sensors Flow meters Crop ET Irrigation scheduling software Irrigation Mobile Lab Services
5 Dataloggers improve ease of data collection: View trends in data Interface with multiple sensors Built in connectivity
6 Data Connectivity has improved: Radio Cell phone Satellite Internet
7 Data Connectivity: Commercial services Hortau ClimateMinder Ranch Systems Puresense CropSense (John Deere) Decagon Irrometer Onset Computer Spectrum Technology
8 Approaches to Irrigation Scheduling Weather based Plant based Soil based
9 Coastal crops: berries and vegetables Moderate soil moisture deficits can cause yield loss
10 Tensiometers monitor the matric potential (tension) of the soil Measurement of soil moisture that is most related to water status in a plant
11 ClimateMinder with Irrometer tensiometers
12 Hortau tensiometer system
13 Watermark granular matrix blocks: Soil moisture tension: 0 to 200 cbars
14 Don t give up your soil probes and shovels yet: Soil moisture sensors monitor a few locations within a field Soil moisture sensors are probably not affordable to use in every field Ground truthing is still needed
15 Volumetric soil moisture sensors Many manufacturers and models Most interface with dataloggers Most useful for evaluating relative changes in soil moisture
16 Decagon 10HS Volumetric Soil Moisture Sensor
17 How much water did you apply?
18 Flow meters are not just for wells
19 Seametric magnetic flow meter (gpm) Flow rate :00 9:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 Time
20 Applied Water vs. Crop Evapotranspiration Cumulativ ve Applied Water + Rain (inches) mulative Crop ET (inches) Crop ET Applied Water Cu 0 Days after Transplanting 0
21 Evapotranspiration Ranch System Atmometer CIMIS weather station
22 Evapotranspiration p can be estimated using CIMIS weather stations: Solar Radiation Wind Speed Relative Humidity Air Temperature Active CIMIS Stations: Watsonville West II (209) Pajaro (129) Green Valley Rd (111) Castroville (19) North Salinas (116) South Salinas (89) wwwcimis.water.ca.gov
23 Spatial CIMIS ETo Reporting
24 Comparison of different methods of estimated ETo (Gilroy Ca) Cumulat tive refer rence ET (inche es) Spatial CIMIS 16 CIMIS station 14 ET gage Jul-04 Jul-18 Aug-01 Aug-15 Aug-29 Sep-12 Sep-26 Date
25 ET crop = ET ref K crop 8% canopy 29 DAP K c can vary from 0.1 to Canopy Cover (% %) % canopy 77 DAP CIMIS reference ET Days after Planting Crop Coefficient
26 Wbb Web based dirrigation and N management software for lettuce ucanr.org/cropmanage
27 CropManage Web based based software: Assist growers in managing water and nitrogen fertilizer using information from multiple sources Soil tests Weather data (CIMIS ETo) Soil physical characteristics Crop models Flow meter Soil moisture sensors
28 Mi Main features: Maintain and share irrigation, fertilizer, and soil test records within a farming operation. Manage information for multiple fields and ranches Guide irrigation schedule using CIMIS evapotranspiration data and crop models Guide nitrogen fertilization decisions based on crop uptake model and quick nitrate test
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32 Fertilizer Summary
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34 Irrigation Efficiency Program (mobile irrigation i i lb) lab) Distribution uniformity evaluation System design and operation review Scheduling Shdli evaluation
35 Summary Water management plays a critical role in managing N fertilizer in shallow rooted vegetables Connectivity using radios, cell phones and the internet facilitates monitoring crop water use in real-time The combination of ET and soil moisture monitoring are the best approaches to evaluate irrigation i scheduling in cool season vegetables and berries
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