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1 EO Information Services in support of Building Exposure Maps of Urban Infrastructure and Crop Fields in the Mekong River Basin Christian Hoffmann, GeoVille group World Bank HQ, Washington DC Date : 11 January 2012

2 Background Up to 80 % of all data records in international organizations have a geospatial component Geographic Information Systems (GIS) & satellite Earth Observation (EO) are powerful tools for better-informed decision-making and management

3 Introduction : The EO Service Provider - Type of business - Earth observation and Geographic Information (GI) System applications - Company locations - Austria & Luxembourg - Operations - In business since 1998 with projects in over 70 countries - Clients - Public: International Organizations, National & Regional Governments, Federal Institutes and Research Centers - Private: Financial & market research, telecommunication, transport and infrastructure - Our team - 40 geo-experts - Quality assurance - ISO certified 9001:2008

4 Rationale Mekong Integrated Water Resources Management Project - Project users : Mekong River Commission & member countries of the lower Mekong River basin (Lao PDR, Cambodia, Vietnam) - Project context : - Promote application of Integrated Water Resource Management within the Lower Mekong River Basin - Build capacity for mapping the impacts of floods, flash floods and droughts - Project Information requirements : - Key requirements: Knowledge about assets exposed to floods and drought detailed inventories of buildings, infrastructure and crops - Further requirements: Multi-hazard & vulnerability maps - Reason / Driver for this information : - Reliable exposure information for modelling of losses, managing impacts of floods and droughts and estimating future disaster risk

5 Service concept 5 Understanding of terms Definition of risk by the UNDP, 2004: The probability of harmful consequences or expected losses resulting from interactions between natural or human induced hazards and vulnerable condition. Risk as a function of - Hazard (=potentially damaging event) - Exposure (=quantity of exposed elements, physical aspect of vulnerability) - Vulnerability (=susceptibility of exposed elements) - Resilience (=strategies for relief and recovery) Source: Thywissen 2006

6 Earth Observation services - Urban mapping of buildings & infrastructure Copyright: Justin Watt - Crop mapping Copyright: Asia Foundation - Hazard extent and exposure mapping Copyright: Mark Zawel

7 Urban mapping of buildings & infrastructure Land cover map with building footprints - Detailed map of building footprints (50 m²) - General land cover types ( m²) Land cover map (detail) - Facts - Predominant rural area with only 2% buildings & other built-up surfaces - More than 70 % covered by grassland / crops - 77 % of buildings are small structures (<100 m² ground area) Copyright: GeoVille for ESA / World Bank

8 Urban mapping of buildings & infrastructure Land use map with building and infrastructure inventory - Infrastructure and building inventory on building block level - Database of building parameters & construction classes Land use / building blocks - Facts - 86% of the buildings are small structures < 100 m² - 90% of the settlement area are low-density stilthouses with 2 stories and a distance of < 100 m to a road Building material Copyright: GeoVille for ESA / World Bank

9 Crop mapping Rice cultivation maps Rice acreage (end of the dry season) - Rice acreage - Rice cropping system - Cropping cycles - Date of emergence & harvest - Facts - Dry-season irrigated rice mainly along Mekong river until September (mostly single cropping) - Doubling of rice cultivation at onset of wet season (single & double cropping) Rice acreage (start of monsoon period) Rice cropping system Crop cycles Date of emergence Copyright: GeoVille for ESA / World Bank

10 Hazard extent maps Hazard extent mapping for floods - Mapping the 2011 flood event 10 June 9 August 8 September 7 November Image copyright: ESA; Processing: GeoVille for ESA / World Bank

11 Hazard extent maps Hazard extent mapping for floods - Flood extent map for 2001 flood event 31. August 2001 (close to flood peak) Permanent water Flood extent 09. November 2001 (end of flood period) Image copyright: ESA; Processing: GeoVille for ESA / World Bank

12 Hazard extent maps Exposure of urban infrastructure & rice paddies to floods Settlement areas under 2001 flood conditions Rice cultivation areas under dry & flood conditions (2001) 100% 90% 80% Copyright: GeoVille for ESA / World Bank 70% 60% - Facts: 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 76,1% 78,8% 88,3% Buildings* Settlements Roads Non-flooded Flooded Under 2001 flood conditions, - 79% of the settlement area, - 88% of the road network, and - more than 90% of the cropland would be affected by high water levels

13 Hazard extent maps Hazard extent map for drought Red: below average (= vegetation stress) Continuous monitoring of soil moisture conditions Jan 2002 Apr 2002 Aug 2002 Sep 2002 Copyright: GeoVille for ESA / World Bank

14 Hazard extent maps Exposure of cropland to drought - Facts - Almost 50% of cropland was under heaviest drought conditions at the drought peak in April % of the cropland was exposed to the 2002 drought for a period of at least 1 month Copyright: GeoVille for ESA / World Bank Copyright: GeoVille for World Bank

15 Service validation Validation of services - Independent quality control of Earth Observation products with independent reference data - Extensive field campaign to capture in-situ data (building & crop parameters) in May/June 2011 Copyright: GeoVille Successful initial validation Ongoing review of products by World Bank & local users in January / February 2012

16 Intended service utilization Intended utilization of EO services by World Bank & Local users - Proof of-concept in the Lower Mekong river basin & capacity building of local stakeholders - Baseline of land cover from satellite data, incl. full characterization of buildings, infrastructure and crops exposed to floods and drought - Critical exposure information for member states, disaster risk specialists & policy makers as input to - Modelling of losses (deaths, injuries, property, livelihoods, economic activity disrupted or environment damaged) - Managing impacts of floods and droughts in the basin & future disaster risk (probabilistic risk analysis)

17 Benefits & Limitations - Benefits / Advantages - Cost-efficient inventory compared to expensive terrestrial measurements - Periodic & repeatable monitoring with known quality levels - Synoptic & consistent information ready for further analyses - Limitations / Constraints - Complexity of geospatial information - In-situ information / field work needed for independent validation

18 Reference projects Spatial Analysis of Natural Hazard and Climate Change Risks in Peri- Urban Expansion Areas of Dakar, Senegal - User: World Bank - Results: Exposure & vulnerability maps related to flooding, coastal erosion and sea level rise 1988 / 1999 / Target: Spatial analysis and diagnostics for hazard risk management in periurban metropolitan areas Copyright: GeoVille for World Bank

19 Thank you Questions & Discussion Christian Hoffmann GeoVille group

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