2016 Southern Consultants Meeting High Yield Soybean Production
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1 2016 Southern Consultants Meeting High Yield Soybean Production Daniel H. Poston February 25, 2016
2 Things That Drive Soybean Yield Light (Temperature) Nutrition Water (Drainage) Pest management
3 What do high yield soybean farmers have in common? Irrigation Excellent fertility Excellent pest control Rotation with corn Grid sampling and variable rate fertility Early planting Adapted varieties Hands on Management Deep Soils (generally)
4 2014 Field Environment Profile Darlington County, SC R1-R4 Planting Date 2 days above 95 degrees R1-R4 12 days below 90 degrees
5 2014 Field Environment Profile Darlington County, SC R1-R4 Planting Date Above average solar radiation leading up to and during flowering and pod set
6 Fertilized for Corn Cool Growing Season Lots of Sunlight Don Gause Bu/A Scranton, SC bu/a
7 Key Parameters Influencing Soybean Yield at the Landscape Scale Ethan R. Smidt and Shawn P. Conley
8 Introduction Growers are collecting multiple layers of data each year GPS and equipment advances have allowed for variable rate technology (VRT) Many growers are unsure which data layer(s) to use when creating these prescriptions
9 Combined Results Most important variables 2013 Pooled Data Most important variables 2014 Pooled Data Node Purity (measure of importance) Node Purity (measure of importance)
10 Single Field Analyses 2013 Variable Rankings 2014 Variable Rankings 1. Elevation (1.73) 1. Elevation (2.00) 2. Soil Potassium (3.18) 2. Soil ph (3.09) 3. Soil Organic Matter (3.27) 3. Soil Potassium (3.18) 4. Soil ph (3.91) 4. Soil Organic Matter (3.36) 5. Soil Phosphorus (4.09) 5. Soil Phosphorus (3.82) Very different story Local knowledge is still very important All other variables (including soil type) ranked 6.00 or lower
11 Nutrient Requirements 80 Bushel/acre Soybeans - Lbs/A N P 2 O 5 K 2 O Mg S Uptake Removal Uptake Removal Uptake Removal Uptake Removal Uptake Removal
12 High Yield Soybean Nutrient Uptake R. Flannery, 101 Bu/A Soybeans Soybean Nutrient Uptake per Day Stage Days N P 2 O 5 K 2 O lb/a/day rd trifoliate th trifoliate Full Bloom Early pod Soft seed Maturity
13 P & K for 101 bu Yields Dr. R. Flannery, Rutgers Univ. study
14 Is there a specific yield level that you have difficulty surpassing? (West KY) 67% A. 40 Bu/A B. 50 Bu/A C. 60 Bu/A D. 70 Bu/A 16% 12% E. 80 Bu/A 5% 0% 40 Bu/A 50 Bu/A 60 Bu/A 70 Bu/A 80 Bu/A
15 Is there a specific yield level that you have difficulty surpassing? (NE AR) 50% A. 40 Bu/A B. 50 Bu/A C. 60 Bu/A 25% D. 70 Bu/A 13% 13% E. 80 Bu/A 0% 40 Bu/A 50 Bu/A 60 Bu/A 70 Bu/A 80 Bu/A
16 Is there a specific yield level that you have difficulty surpassing? (West TN) 38% A. 40 Bu/A B. 50 Bu/A C. 60 Bu/A 27% 21% D. 70 Bu/A 7% 7% E. 80 Bu/A 40 Bu/A 50 Bu/A 60 Bu/A 70 Bu/A 80 Bu/A
17 When sending in soil samples, what yield goal do you select for soybean? (West KY) 45% A. 40 Bu/A 35% B. 50 Bu/A C. 60 Bu/A D. 70 Bu/A 10% 8% E. 80 Bu/A 3% 40 Bu/A 50 Bu/A 60 Bu/A 70 Bu/A 80 Bu/A
18 When sending in soil samples, what yield goal do you select for soybean? (NE AR) 44% A. 40 Bu/A 33% B. 50 Bu/A C. 60 Bu/A D. 70 Bu/A 11% 11% E. 80 Bu/A 0% 40 Bu/A 50 Bu/A 60 Bu/A 70 Bu/A 80 Bu/A
19 When sending in soil samples, what yield goal do you select for soybean? (West TN) 60% A. 40 Bu/A B. 50 Bu/A C. 60 Bu/A 29% D. 70 Bu/A E. 80 Bu/A 2% 2% 7% 40 Bu/A 50 Bu/A 60 Bu/A 70 Bu/A 80 Bu/A
20 How many pounds of Sulfur do you generally apply to you soybean crop? (West KY) 58% A. None B C % D E. >30 8% 3% 5% None >30
21 How many pounds of Sulfur do you generally apply to you soybean crop? (NE AR) 50% 50% A. None B C D E. >30 0% 0% 0% None >30
22 How many pounds of Sulfur do you generally apply to you soybean crop? (West TN) 50% A. None B % C D % E. >30 2% 2% None >30
23 What best describes your fertility practices for soybeans? (West KY) A. Fertilize corn crop and follow with soybeans B. Fertilize corn and soybeans individually C. I don t fertilize soybeans D. Fertilize only when fertilizer prices are low Fertilize corn crop and fo... 38% Fertilize corn and soybea.. 53% I don t fertilize soybeans 10% Fertilize only when fertili... 0%
24 What best describes your fertility practices for soybeans? (NE AR) 78% A. Fertilize corn crop and follow with soybeans B. Fertilize corn and soybeans individually C. I don t fertilize soybeans D. Fertilize only when fertilizer prices are low 22% Fertilize corn crop and fo... Fertilize corn and soybea.. I don t fertilize soybeans 0% 0% Fertilize only when fertili...
25 What best describes your fertility practices for soybeans? (West TN) 95% A. Fertilize corn crop and follow with soybeans B. Fertilize corn and soybeans individually C. I don t fertilize soybeans D. Fertilize only when fertilizer prices are low 5% Fertilize corn crop and fo... Fertilize corn and soybea.. I don t fertilize soybeans 0% 0% Fertilize only when fertili...
26
27 Iowa State University Optimum Soil Test Levels Soil Test Category Phosphorus Potassium % of applications Corn and Soybeans on avg to produce a yield response Corn and Soybeans Dried Samples (ppm) Dried Samples (ppm) Very Low % Low % Optimum % High % Very High <1% Source: ISU PM 1688
28 ISU - Relationship between relative corn and soybean yield and soil test potassium
29 ISU - Relationship between relative corn and soybean yield and soil test potassium High K Tests
30 ISU - Relationship between relative corn and soybean yield and soil test potassium Low K Tests
31 ISU - Relationship between relative corn and soybean yield and soil test potassium Optimum K Tests
32 Effect Of Bray P Soil Test Level On Soybean Yield and Response To Residual P Fertilization. (Gyles Randall, Univ. of Minnesota) 3-year Average Soybean Yield Residual Low P High P Application Method P Rate 1 Soil Soil Bu/A High P Advantage Bu/A % None Pop-Up 25/ Deep Band 25/ Broadcast 25/ D. Band + Pop-Up 25/ / Pop-Up 50/ Deep Band 50/ Broadcast 50/ p > f LSD (0.05) NS Average Bray P1 Soil Test 6-9 ppm ppm 1 Residual Rates are for Previous Corn Crop Low Test Site/High Test Sites
33 Yield (Bu/A) Opportunity GP Agronomy Trials Phosphorus Impact on Yield SE Iowa, locs, locs % Fields with sample sites all above 16 ppm 31% Fields with sample sites 15 or less ppm Phosphorus ppm
34 Yield (Bu/A) Opportunity GP Agronomy Trials Potassium impact on yield SE Iowa, locs, locs % Fields with all sample sites above 161 ppm 89% Fields with some sample sites 160 or less ppm Potassium ppm
35 Yield (Bu/A) Opportunity GP Agronomy Trials Soil ph impact on yield SE Iowa, locs, locs % Fields with all sample sites above % Fields with some sample sites 5.9 or less Soil ph
36 Example Field Bosket very fine sandy loam Average yield 2000 to 2005 about 65 bu/a Furrow/wheel track irrigated Basic broadcast sufficiency fertility Monoculture soybeans Poor water flow, compaction Pioneer brand variety 94Y61 in 2012 Following corn Metribuzin injury 100+ Bu/A??? Corrective actions: Build and maintain fertility started 2008, grid sampling and variable rate fertilizer, adjusted row direction 13 degrees east of north, sub-soiled and re-leveled, corn rotation in 2011
37
38 Nutrient Mobility - Soil Immobile Nutrients N (Ammonium) P and K in all other soils Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu Mobile Nutrients N (Nitrate) P in sandy soils K in sandy soils or high SOM S, Mn, Mo, B, Cl Roots explore ~3% of Soil
39 Effects of Fertility Level and Root Mass Immobile Nutrients Low Fertility (2) High Fertility (4) Low Fertility (4) High Fertility (7)
40 PPST 2030 Biological Components PPST 2030 amplifies the traditional plant growth process Microbials multiply in the area around the soybean seed at germination. Microbials produce plant hormones that trigger root growth and nodulation. Increased root growth leads to more surface area for greater nutrient uptake. PPST 2030 Untreated
41 Soybean Situation Southeast High yields needed for irrigated soybeans to compete with other crops MG 5-8 varieties are prevalent Resistance to Southern Root Knot nematode needed RKI resistance in Indeterminate varieties may change production practices
42 2014 Field Environment Profile Brooks County GA R1-R4 Planting Date 5 days above 95 degrees R1-R4 4 days below 90 degrees
43 2014 Field Environment Profile Brooks County GA R1-R4 Planting Date Average Solar Radiation during Flowering and Pod Set
44 2014 MG 4.7 MG 4.8 MG 4.5 MG 3.9
45 Root Knot Nematode Damage
46 Pioneer brand variety P45T11R
47 Root Knot Nematode Pioneer brand variety P45T11R
48 109 bu/a Pioneer brand variety P47T36R
49 Pioneer brand variety P48T53R
50 108 bu/a Pioneer brand variety P52T50R
51 Potassium Levels Over Time High Input Soybeans Nutrient Percent K 1T K 2T K 4TE 75 lbs/a KCl Preplant K 4TW 250 lbs/a KN0 3 Pre-plant K AVG Yellow spot
52 2015 High Yield Soybean Demo Randy Dowdy 70 acre demo site in Lowndes County, GA 4 Indeterminate Pioneer brand varieties P47T36R P46T59R P48T53R P49T80R 3 Determinate Pioneer brand varieties P54T94R P52T50R P56T29R2 With and Without Telone soil fumigant for nematode control High Management Weekly Tissue Sampling Moisture probes Always follow grain marketing, stewardship practices and pesticide label directions. Varieties with the Glyphosate Tolerant trait (including those designated by the letter R in the product number) contain genes that confer tolerance to glyphosate herbicides. Glyphosate herbicides will kill crops that are not tolerant to glyphosate. Always follow grain marketing, stewardship practices and pesticide label directions. Varieties with the Glyphosate Tolerant trait (including those designated by the letter R in the product number) contain genes that confer tolerance to glyphosate herbicides. Glyphosate herbicides will kill crops that are not tolerant to glyphosate.
53 High Yield Soybean Demo Goals Track nutrients to determine limiting nutrients during specific growth periods Assess agronomic fit of Pioneer brand variety P46T59R for deep south environments Evaluate Telone for nematode control and soybean yield response Determine utility of indeterminate varieties Develop agronomy data for Pioneer Brand varieties Always follow grain marketing, stewardship practices and pesticide label directions. Varieties with the Glyphosate Tolerant trait (including those designated by the letter R in the product number) contain genes that confer tolerance to glyphosate herbicides. Glyphosate herbicides will kill crops that are not tolerant to glyphosate.
54 Managing for 100 Bu/A Soybeans Objective: Soil applied fertilizer to meet bu/a yield goal and supplement via fertigation to meet peak nutrient demand periods and provide enough additional nutrients for 25 extra bu/a.
55 1 week earlier planting 1 week later planting 2015 Field Environment Profile Lowndes County GA R1-R4 Planting Date 9 days above 95 degrees R1-R4 8 days below 90 degrees R2-R3 noted by field scout (6-18) and K levels below sufficiency (6-19) 55
56 2015 Field Environment Profile Lowndes County GA R1-R4 10 year average solar radiation accumulation base line Planting Date Lower than Average Solar Radiation Accumulation from Planting through Pod Set 56
57 2015 Field Environment Profile Lowndes County GA Planting Date R7-R8 57
58 Seed Quality
59 Nutrient Tracking Variety Nutrient Concentration (%) 3.5 Potassium Concentration Over Time P46T59 P47T36 P52T50 P54T V3 V5-R1 R2-R3 R4 R5 R6-R7 Date
60 Nutrient Tracking Lowndes Co. Nutrient Concentration (%) 3.5 Potassium Concentration Over Time Determinate Indeterminate V3 V5-R1 R2-R3 R4 R5 R6-R7 Date
61 Nutrient Tracking Brooks Co. High Yield Nutrient Concentration (%) 3.5 Potassium Concentration Over Time NORTH SOUTH R2-R3 R4 R Date
62 High Yield Soybean Demo 2015 Lowndes Co. Soybean Yield (Bu/A) 80 Soybean Yield by Variety P46T59R P47T36R P48T53R P49T80R P52T50R P54T94R P56T29R Pioneer Brand Varieties Always follow grain marketing, stewardship practices and pesticide label directions. Varieties with the Glyphosate Tolerant trait (including those designated by the letter R in the product number) contain genes that confer tolerance to glyphosate herbicides. Glyphosate herbicides will kill crops that are not tolerant to glyphosate.
63 High Yield Soybean Demo 2015 Lowndes Co. Soybean Yield (Bu/A) Soybean TW by Variety P46T59R P47T36R P48T53R P49T80R P52T50R P54T94R P56T29R Pioneer Brand Varieties Always follow grain marketing, stewardship practices and pesticide label directions. Varieties with the Glyphosate Tolerant trait (including those designated by the letter R in the product number) contain genes that confer tolerance to glyphosate herbicides. Glyphosate herbicides will kill crops that are not tolerant to glyphosate.
64 Comparative Tissue Nutrient Levels Days After Planting Nitrogen % Phosphorous % Potassium % 75 Bu/A Yield 100 Bu/A Yield 75 Bu/A Yield 100 Bu/A Yield 75 Bu/A Yield 100 Bu/A Yield AVG
65 Comparative Tissue Nutrient Levels Days After Planting Magnesium % Sulfur % Calcium % 75 Bu/A Yield 100 Bu/A Yield 75 Bu/A Yield 100 Bu/A Yield 75 Bu/A Yield 100 Bu/A Yield AVG
66 Comparative Tissue Nutrient Levels Days After Planting Boron ppm Zinc ppm Manganese ppm 75 Bu/A Yield 100 Bu/A Yield 75 Bu/A Yield 100 Bu/A Yield 75 Bu/A Yield 100 Bu/A Yield AVG
67 Comparative Tissue Nutrient Levels Days After Planting 75 Bu/A Yield Iron ppm 100 Bu/A Yield 75 Bu/A Yield Copper ppm 100 Bu/A Yield AVG
68 High Yield Soybean Demo Pioneer brand variety P47T89R 118 Bu/A
69 Maximizing Yield with Harvest Moisture Yield vs. Harvest Moisture Data Mst % Yield (bu/a) 14% % % % % % Harvest Mst Loss = 5.6 bu/a Yield Loss 9% 75.4
70 Questions? Always read and follow all label directions and precautions for use. Unless indicated, trademarks with, TM or SM are trademarks of DuPont, Pioneer or affiliates DuPont.
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