ICES scientific aquaculture work and available expertise. Pauline Kamermans co-chair of

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1 ICES scientific aquaculture work and available expertise Pauline Kamermans co-chair of

2 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ICES Member countries: Belgium(BE) Canada (CA) Denmark (DK) Estonia Finland (FI) France (FR) Germany (DE) Iceland (IS) Ireland (IE) Latvia Lithuania Netherlands (NL) Norway (NO) Poland Portugal (PT) Russian Federation Spain (ES) Sweden (SE) United Kingdom (GB) United States of America (US) Light blue countries members in WGAQUA

3 Aquaculture and fisheries production in ICES countries

4 Vision and Mandate for WGAQUA Vision: A diverse aquaculture sector in ICES member states that will meet the increasing demand for seafood and products while providing jobs, products, and services in harmony with healthy, productive, and resilient freshwater and marine ecosystems. Mandate: Improving the sustainability of aquaculture in the ICES area through state-of-the-art science and advice.

5 WGAQUA One of 23 Expert Groups in Science Committee Steering Group on Ecosystem Pressures and Impacts (SSGEPI) Established in 2013 (WGEIM+WGMASC) 58 experts from Research Institutes and Universities Close connections with related ICES Expert Groups Application of Genetics in Fisheries and Mariculture (WGAGFM) Socio-Economic Dimensions of Aquaculture (WGSEDA) Aquaculture (WGAQUA) Pathology and Diseases of Marine Organisms (WGPDMO) Introduction and Transfers of Marine Organisms (WGITMO) Marine Planning and Coastal Zone Management (WGMPCZM)

6 Science Themes of WGAQUA Aquaculture Technologies and Ecological Services Sustainable Aquaculture Management Approaches Environment and Fisheries Interactions with Aquaculture IMTA Off-shore issues Spat supply Diversification for new species Bioremediation Goods and services Animal welfare and domestication Marine Spatial Planning Thresholds and indicators Carrying capacity Pest and predator management Eco-certification Risk assessment and dealing with uncertainty EU Framework Directives Escapees Sea lice Carrying capacity Pest and predator management Spat supply Climate change Goods and services Impact on wild fish and fisheries

7 ICES Scientific Aquaculture Work WGMASC/WGEIM Hatchery impact on shellfish production, application of genetic tools and genetic consequences on natural populations Hatchery enhancement of wild fisheries Stress indicators to explain mortalities Ecological factors affecting shellfish production and performance indicators Evaluate examples of sustainability indices proposed for mariculture operations and provide specific recommendations on utility of proposed Issues of environmental impact, sustainability and technological change Framework for the integrated evaluation of shellfish aquaculture impacts in the coastal zone Effect of bivalve aquaculture transfers between sites to wild and cultured bivalve stocks Evidence for and effect of climate change on shellfish aquaculture distribution and production Climate change and Aquaculture

8 ICES Scientific Aquaculture Work WGMASC/WGEIM Site selection criteria in molluscan aquaculture with particular reference to accessing and developing offshore facilities Offshore farming Diversify production through new species Assess the relationships between WFD targets and aquaculture requirements Alternate protein and lipid use in fish feed Potential impact of escaped non-salmonid aquaculture candidates on local stocks Sea lice Treatment Fouling hazards The current state of development of integrated culture systems (IMTA) with a view to assessing the potential of polyculture to mitigate the environmental effects of mariculture

9 WGAQUA Scientific Aquaculture Work Theme 1: Benthic Effects of aquaculture Effects of aquaculture on benthic habitats with a focus on rocky and mixed substrata bottoms including eelgrass and maerl beds Theme 2: Pest Management in aquaculture Environmental effects of biofouling pest management Environmental effects of sea lice pest management Introducing foreign strains and species of finfish and shellfish and other invertebrates for aquaculture purposes Theme 3: Ecosystem Interactions with aquaculture Attraction and repulsion of wild populations by fish and shellfish farms Ecosystem services and impacts of aquaculture Acceptance of aquaculture in Marine Protected Areas

10 WGAQUA Scientific Aquaculture Work Effectiveness of open-water Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) operations to recycle and extract particulate and dissolved wastes generated by fish culture. Feasibility of closed containment systems as an alternative to open-water netpen fish culture. Ecosystem interactions and health and welfare issues associated with the use of alternatives to traditional fish feed components (e.g. terrestrial plants and insects, shellfish, ascidians, microbes, seaweed, etc.) Potential role of aquaculture in establishing food security. How to define an acceptable impact level and spatial zone (i.e. what is a sustainable aquaculture operation). What are appropriate ecological carrying capacity thresholds (including socio-economic considerations)? Is ocean acidification presently impacting aquaculture production in the ICES area?

11 WGAQUA Available Expertise Expertise available on sustainable production, environmental dependence and effects of aquaculture (e.g. performance indicator selection, risk assessment approaches, monitoring programs, generic and specific management frameworks, strengthening stakeholder inclusion in decision making). Present expertise does not cover product quality, consumer safety & health, aquatic animal health & welfare.

12 ICES Available Expertise Relevant aquaculture issues suited to be addressed largely by other groups within ICES in collaboration with WGAQUA Topic Socio-economics (externalities, viability, coastal communities, food security) Microplastics Climate change Disease, probiotics, vaccine development, medicines Marine spatial planning (cumulative effects, zonation ICZM, spatial scale) Harmful algal blooms Transport (well boat, pest management) Statistical and analytical methods for quantifying genetic introgression of farmed escaped salmon in native populations ICES group WGSEDA MCWG SGOA, WKSICCME WGPDMO WGMPCZM WGHABD WGITMO, WGBOSV WGAGFM

13 Thanks for your attention!

14 Research Institutes and Universities WGAQUA experts NO Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Directorate of Fisheries US University of Rhode Island, University of New England, Rutgers Cooperative Extension, University of Maine, University of New Hampshire ES Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia (IEO), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC) FR Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (IFREMER) GB Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Marine Scotland Science CA Fisheries & Oceans Canada FO Aquaculture Research Station of the Faroes NL Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES) DK Danish Technical University (DTU-AQUA) IE Marine Institute DE Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Thünen Institute of Fisheries Research, University of Rostock SE University of Gothenburg, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences FI Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute IS Marine Research Institute BE Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO) PT Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA)

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