Climate policy, Land and smart agriculture 2020, 2030

Transcription

1 Climate policy, Land and smart agriculture 2020, 2030 Simon Kay DG Climate Action, Unit A2 JRC workshop, Arona May 2014 Climate Action

2 Treatment of emissions related to agriculture and LULUCF in the EU's current 2020 climate policy ETS EU Target: - 20% ESD: 27 MS targets Council and Parliament Decision on LULUCF (529/2013): CO2 estimates for emissions and removals, Energy Industrial processes Agriculture: Waste LULUCF Non-CO2 emissions (livestock and fertilizer use) Aforestation Reforestation Deforestation Forest Management Cropland and Grassland Management Wetland Drainage and Rewetting

3 Decision 529/2013 on LULUCF Collectively develop experience on the accounting and potential of mitigation for activities " all land use should be considered in a holistic manner and LULUCF should be addressed within the Union s climate policy." preamble (2) " use these estimates to identify key categories and develop country-specific Tier 2 and Tier 3 key methodologies for the robust and accurate estimation of emissions and removals." Art 3.2(b) Thereby, to prepare ourselves for post

4 Purpose of Article 10 Bridge the sectorial split and tendency to silo based policymaking at all levels facilitate an integrated approach Encourages information sharing across policies areas and institutions promote cooperation and collaboration across ministries and MS " to promote best practice and synergies with other policies and measures relating to forest and agriculture " knowledge sharing 4

5 Art 10. Information on LULUCF actions Plans should build on information found in: Green growth strategies Rural Development Programmes, National Renewable Energy Action Plans, Low Carbon Development Plans, Forest Management Reference Level submissions, Agricultural policy strategies, National Communications other relevant sources 5

6 Information items Article 10(2) a) Past emissions and removals b) Projections c) Identification of mitigation potential d) List of measures e) Existing and planned policies and their impact f) Timetables 6

7 A+B: Past and projections trends projections Providing a comprehensive overview of the LULUCF sector 7

8 C, D and E: Mitigation potential Biophysical-technical potential Biological barriers, e.g. land availability Economic potential Economic barriers, e.g. mitigation costs Market potential Social/political/institutional barriers, e.g. conflicting policies Policies needed to realize potential 8

9 Source: Quelle contribution de l'agriculture française à la réduction des émissions de GES?, INRA (France), July 2013

10 D: Most appropriate measures Annex IV contains 20 examples of measures. Not exhaustive and not globally applicable National circumstances guide and decide Find further inspiration in: EC PICCMAT (2008) study CATCH-C FP7 project (underway) European Climate Change Programme (EECP) reports 10

11 E+F: Existing policies and timetable for planned ones Funding, state aid, support schemes, research, pilot schemes Strategies: environmental, forest, (bio)energy, agricultural, food sector, transport, green growth, and of course climate change Legislation: bans, nature protection, Common Agricultural Policy: SMRs, GAEC, Agri-environmentclimate measures, Timetable/timeline Forest Strategy Non-legal R&D Bioenergy Support scheme Legal act Funding and feed-in tariffs Standards for manure handling Regulation Minimum collection requirements Public procurement review Legal Criteria for paper products 11

12 Sharing knowledge in time Three options for submission format: 1. Separate document 2. Clearly identifiable part of: A. National Strategies or plans related to LULUCF B. Low Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS) Submission by: 1 and 2a: 1 July b: 9 January

13 Reduced Uncertainty Concept improving accuracy and robustness of Art 3.2 estimates IPCC 2006 Tiers and Approaches for implementing 529/2013 Tier 3 High res. data (e.g. model) Not applicable Modelled data combined with LUC matrix (not necessarily spatially dis-aggregated) Geo-information at high-resolution, detailed time series, country-specific disaggregated data based on inventories and/or models Tier 2 Country specific values National area statistics, combined with country-specific values typical 1 st improvement Annual LUC stats, combined with country-specific values Geo-information, time series, country specific values good coverage, detailed analysis Tier 1 IPCC default values National area statistics, combined with IPCC default values basic entry level Annual (or annualised) LUC stats presented as national matrix applied using default IPCC values Geo-information, time series, default values weak, but better than App 1 and 2 Approach 1 Approach 2 Approach 3 National statistics Land Use Change matrix Geo-tracked Improved Coverage and Representation

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16 Why a new framework for 2030? Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) cost-effectively 2050 objective: -80% to -95% GHG Security of EU energy supplies EU oil and gas imports: 400 billion per year EU contribution to 2015 international climate agreement Competitive energy and new growth and jobs Eco-industry already employs 4.2 million

17 Where do we go after 20%?

18 Where do we go?

19 Agriculture and land Land-based emissions will grow in relative importance if no action is taken. Agriculture and land emissions need to contribute to the shift to a low carbon economy. 100% 100% 80% Power Sector 80% Current policy 60% 40% Residential & Tertiary Industry 60% 40% 20% Transport 20% Non CO 2 Agriculture 0% Non CO 2 Other Sectors 0%

20 Share of Greenhouse Gas emissions from sectors "Agriculture", "Energy" and "LULUCF", EU-27, 2011 CH4- Manure management (storage); 8% CH4- Enteric Fermentation; 26% CO2- Energy; 7% CO2- Cropland, grassland; 12% N2O- Agricultural Soils (Fertilisers); 41% 80,3 Mt from croplands (source) and - 12,3 Mt (sinks) from grasslands N2O- Manure management (storage); 5%

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22 Absolute emissions, k t.co2 eq. Agricultural GHG emissions in EU Member States % % EU-27 : 10% 20% 15% 10% 5% % total GHG emissions, without LULUCF 0 AT BE DK FI FR DE GR IE IT LU NL PT ES SE GB CY CZ EE HU LV LT MT PL SK SI BG RO 0%

23 Mitigation Agriculture and land Broadly, agriculture can contribute to mitigation by: direct emissions from farm operations (CH4 and N2O) CO2 emissions by improving farm "energy profile" (efficiency, on-farm use of renewable energies) Improve CO2 balance of farmland soils by protecting or expanding carbon sinks CO2 from fossil fuel use in other sectors by supplying feedstock for bioenergy and industrial applications Measures with strong mitigation potential: Increase production efficiency (fertilizer, resource use) Improving manure and slurry management (storage, application) 'Waste to worth' (anaerobic digestion for animal waste biogas) Grassland management (improving livestock "carbon footprint" and carbon sink) Actions which improve resource efficiency are positive for climate (reduce direct and indirect emissions) Synergies with soil protection (erosion), water quality (nitrates), air quality (ammonia) High mitigation potential variability in systems and management practices: potential depends on baseline climates, soil types, farm production systems