Inorganic Phosphorus Fractions and Phosphorus Availability in a Calcareous Soil Receiving 21-Year Superphosphate Application 1
|
|
- Milo Miller
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Pedosphere 20(3): , 2010 ISSN /CN /P c 2010 Soil Science Society of China Published by Elsevier Limited and Science Press Inorganic Phosphorus Fractions and Phosphorus Availability in a Calcareous Soil Receiving 21-Year Superphosphate Application 1 WANG Jun 1,2, LIU Wen-Zhao 1, 2, MU Han-Feng 2 and DANG Ting-Hui 1 1 State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling (China) 2 College of Urban and Environment, Northwest University, Xi an (China) (Received December 28, 2009; revised March 25, 2010) ABSTRACT A long-term (21-year) field experiment was performed to study the responses of soil inorganic P fractions and P availability to annual fertilizer P application in a calcareous soil on the Loess Plateau of China. Soil Olsen-P contents increased by 3.7, 5.2, 11.2 and 20.6 mg P kg 1 after 21-year annual fertilizer P application at 20, 39, 59, and 79 kg P ha 1, respectively. Long-term fertilizer P addition also increased soil total P and inorganic P (Pi) contents significantly. The contents of inorganic P fractions were in the order of Ca 10 -P > Ca 8 -P > Fe-P > Al-P > occluded P > Ca 2 -P in the soil receiving annual fertilizer P application. Fertilizer P application increased Ca 8 -P, Al-P and Ca 2 -P contents as well as their percentages relative to Pi. Pi application increased Fe-P and occluded P contents but nor their percentages. Soil Ca 10 - P content remained unchanged after fertilizer P application while its percentage relative to Pi declined with increasing fertilizer P rate. All Pi fractions but Ca 10 -P were correlated with Olsen-P significantly. 90% of variations in Olsen-P could be explained by Pi fractions, and the direct contribution of Ca 8 -P was predominant. Long-term annual superphosphate application would facilitate the accumulation of soil Ca 8 -P, and thus improve soil P availability. Key Words: long-term experiment, Olsen-P, path analysis, Loess Plateau Citation: Wang, J., Liu, W. Z., Mu, H. F. and Dang, T. H Inorganic phosphorus fractions and phosphorus availability in a calcareous soil receiving 21-year superphosphate application. Pedosphere. 20(3): INTRODUCTION Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth. Therefore, maintenance of an adequate amount of soil P through application of inorganic and/or organic P is critical for the sustainability of cropping systems (Sharpley et al., 1994). The availability and fractions of soil P may change due to long-term continuous P fertilization besides its yield-increasing effect (Fan et al., 2003; Lai et al., 2003). Many researches have found that soil phosphorus availability would increase after long-term fertilizer P application (Halvorson and Black, 1985; Samadi and Gilkes, 1998; Fan et al., 2003; Lai et al., 2003; Zhang et al., 2004). However, such an effect of fertilizer P application varies with climatic condition, soil type, and soil test method employed, as well as the rate of fertilizer P applied (Zhang et al., 2004). In calcareous soils, soil Olsen-P content (Olsen et al., 1954) is a good indicator for estimating soil P availability. Samadi and Gilkes (1998) found that soil Olsen-P increased by 200% in fertilized soil compared with virgin soil in Western Australia. On the Loess Plateau of China, both Fan et al. (2003) and Lai et al. (2003) reported that compared with soil without fertilizer P application, soil Olsen- P increases from about 3 to over 20 mg kg 1 after 26 kg P ha 1 application under a winter wheat 1 Supported by the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China (No. 2005CB121102), the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. kzcx2-yw-424), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No ). 2 Corresponding author. wzliu@ms.iswc.ac.cn.
2 SOIL PHOSPHORUS AND SUPERPHOSPHATE APPLICATION 305 monoculture system. Shen et al. (2004) found that fertilizer P treatments significantly increases soil Olsen-P in the first few years and then it remains stable under a rice monoculture system. However, how soil Olsen-P can increase with fertilization rates after long-term fertilization in calcareous soils has not been well understood. The knowledge of soil P fractions is important for investigating soil P availability, and several kinds of fractionation methods are available for different soil types (Chang and Jackson, 1957; Hedley et al., 1982; Jiang and Gu, 1989). In calcareous soils, soil inorganic P (Pi) represents the dominant component of the soil P pool, accounting for about 75% 85% of soil total P in calcareous soils in China (Jiang and Gu, 1989). Soil Pi was divided into various fractions such as Ca-P (HCl extractable P), Fe- and Al-P (non-occluded Fe- and Al-bound P), and occluded P (Chang and Jackson, 1957; Solis and Torrent, 1989). However, in calcareous soils, the majority of Pi exists in the various Ca-bound forms and there is a great difference in P availability among the Ca-P fractions. To better characterize Pi transformations, Jiang and Gu (1989) proposed a fractionation scheme for calcareous soils based on the methods described by Chang and Jackson (1957) and Hedley et al. (1982), where soil Pi was divided into six fractions (Ca 2 -P, Ca 8 -P, Al-P, Fe-P, occluded P, and Ca 10 -P) using a sequential extraction procedure, based on their availability and solubility. This has been confirmed by Gu and Qin (1997), Samadi and Gilkes (1998), Lai et al. (2003), and Shen et al. (2004) based on the simple correlation coefficients between Olsen-P and Pi fractions. Such sequential extraction has been widely used for the calcareous soils in Northern China (Gu and Jiang, 1990; Fan et al., 2003; Lai et al., 2003; Shen et al., 2004) and Western Australia (Samadi and Gilkes, 1998) to study the response and availability of soil P fractions to fertilizer application. Samadi and Gilkes (1998) found that in Western Australia the agricultural development of soils resulted in increases in all Pi fractions compared with their virgin analogues, and soil Ca 2 -P and Ca 10 -P were major contributors to available P as determined by the Olsen and Colwell soil tests. On the Loess Plateau, Lai et al. (2003) found that the contents of all Pi fractions but Ca 10 -P increased after soil received annual application of chemical fertilizer or manure for 17 years, and long-term fertilization also raised the percentages of Ca 2 -P, Ca 8 -P, and Al-P. However, how the soil Pi fractions transformed due to long-term fertilization is little known, which is important to understand the impact of fertilization on soil phosphorus availability in calcareous soils. In the present study, a long-term fertilization experiment was performed under a winter wheat monoculture system in calcareous cultivated soils on the Loess Plateau of China, where chemical fertilizer has been annually added before crop sowing to maintain a high crop yield since 1980s (Hao et al., 2007). The study aimed 1) to investigate how much the soil available P (Olsen-P) and total P can accumulate after long-term fertilization, 2) to characterize the changes in Pi fractions under different fertilizer P application rates, and 3) to clarify the correlation and transformation in Pi fractions in such a calcareous soil. MATERIALS AND METHODS A long-term field experiment on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. QM4 from 1984 to 1985, cv. CW131 from 1986 to 1995, and cv. CW134 from 1996 to 2005) was carried out to examine yield responses and soil fertility response to fertilizer applications under winter wheat monoculture system. The experiment was performed at the Changwu Agro-ecological Experimental Station ( E, N) in Shaanxi Province, China. With an average annual temperature of 9.1 C, an annual frost-free period of about 171 d, and an annual precipitation of 585 mm, rainfed agriculture is the dominant production system. The soil is a calcareous soil, and referred to as a Heilu soil following the Chinese Soil Classification System, which corresponds to a Calcarid Regosol according to the FAO/UNESCO Classification System (FAO-ISRIC, 1988). It had a ph value of 8.3, organic matter of 10.5 g kg 1, total nitrogen of 0.80 g kg 1, available nitrogen of 37.0 mg kg 1, total phosphorus of 0.66 g kg 1, available phosphorus of 3.0 mg kg 1 (extracted with 0.5 mol L 1 NaHCO 3 ), available potassium of mg
3 306 J. WANG et al. kg 1 (extracted with 1 mol L 1 NH 4 CH 3 COO), and CaCO 3 of g kg 1 based on tests carried out in Soil loss by water and wind is rather low. The long-term experiment had seventeen fertilization treatments arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications (Hao et al., 2007). Each plot area was 22 m 2. Urea and superphosphate were used as the sources of N and P fertilizers, respectively, and applied prior to wheat sowing for each year. Five phosphorus fertilization rates were applied (i.e., 0, 20, 39, 59 and 79 kg P ha 1 )at the same nitrogen fertilizer level (90 kg N ha 1 ). Soil samples were collected after harvesting on July 15, By using a 5 cm diameter tube auger, five random cores were taken to a depth of 20 cm in each plot. Large pieces of organic matter were removed by hand. Moist subsamples were brought to the laboratory, air-dried, and ground to pass through 1 and 0.25 mm nylon screens for analysis. Total P in soil was measured after the digestion with HClO 4 -H 2 SO 4 (Bao, 2000). Olsen-P was determined by extraction of air-dry soil with 0.5 mol L 1 NaHCO 3 at ph 8.5 (Olsen et al., 1954). Soil Pi fractionation was carried out according to a fractionation scheme for calcareous soils based on methods described by Chang and Jackson (1957) and Hedley et al. (1982). In the Pi fractionation scheme, soil Pi was divided into six fractions as Ca 2 -P, Ca 8 -P,Al-P,Fe-P,OccludedP,andCa 10 -P using a sequential extraction procedure with 1) 0.25 mol L 1 NaHCO 3 solution at ph 7.5 to remove Ca 2 -P, 2) 0.5 mol L 1 NH 4 Ac at ph 4.2 to remove Ca 8 -P, 3) 0.5 mol L 1 NH 4 F at ph 8.2 to remove Al-P, 4) 0.1 mol L 1 NaOH-0.1 mol L 1 Na 2 CO 3 to remove Fe-P, 5) 0.3 mol L 1 Na 3 (citrate)-na 2 S 2 O mol L 1 NaOH solution to remove occluded P, and 6) 0.25 mol L 1 H 2 SO 4 to remove Ca 10 -P. The P pools measured by the scheme are strictly empirical and to some extent overlap, but the fractions roughly correspond to the following P pools. The Ca 2 -P represents monocalcium phosphate [Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 ] and dicalcium phosphate (CaHPO 4 2H 2 O) equivalents. The Ca 2 -P includes water-soluble P, citrate soluble P and partial surface-adsorbed P, and can be readily taken up by plants. The Ca 8 -P represents a group of phosphates with chemical structure similar to Ca 8 H 2 (PO 4 ) 6 5H 2 O. The Ca 8 -P fraction belongs to the sparingly soluble P, but can be partly used by plants. The Al-P (Al phosphates) and Fe-P (Fe phosphates) fractions have very low availability to plants, but can be constrainedly utilized by plants when available soil P is severely depleted. The Ca 10 -P represents a group of phosphates with chemical structure similar to Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2, which is difficult to be used by plants (Gu and Jiang, 1990). Variance analysis, correlation analysis, and path analysis were conducted using SAS software PROC ANOVA and PROC REG (SAS Institute, 1989). Path analysis is a statistical technique that partitions correlations into direct and indirect effects, and attempts to differentiate between correlation and causation. This technique also features multiple linear regressions and generates standardized partial regression coefficients (path coefficients) (Wei et al., 2006). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Crop yield, total P and Olsen-P Table I shows the mean annual wheat yield and the contents of soil total P and Olsen-P. The mean annual yield ( ) increased significantly after long-term fertilizer P application according to the reports by Hao et al. (2007). However, no significant difference was found in crop yield for different fertilizer P application rates, which means that the increasing fertilizer P application would result in the increasing P accumulation in soil because of the similar P uptake by wheat. Consistently, soil total P contents increased by 4.2%, 26.0%, 36.5% and 49.8% in the treatments receiving 20, 39, 59, and 79 kg P ha 1, respectively. Regression analysis in Table I showed that soil total P content was closely correlated to fertilizer P rate, although no significant differences were found among fertilizer P 0, 20, and 39 kg P ha 1, and between fertilizer P 59 and 79 kg P ha 1. Soil Olsen-P content in the soil without fertilizer P application decreased from the initial value of
4 SOIL PHOSPHORUS AND SUPERPHOSPHATE APPLICATION 307 TABLE I Mean annual crop yields, soil total P contents and Olsen-P contents after long-term fertilizer P applications at Changwu Agro-ecological Experimental Station Fertilizer rate Yield a) Total P Olsen-P kg P ha 1 kg ha 1 mg kg b b) 753c 2.3d a 789c 6.0cd a 837b 7.4c a 1 027a 13.5b a 1 127a 22.9a Linear regression with fertilizer P rate (n = 15) Slope Intercept R P - < < a) Cited from Hao et al. (2007). b) Values within one column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P< to2.3mgkg 1 after 21-year continuous wheat monoculture. This is consistent with the findings of Ma et al. (2009) who reported that in the soil without P added, soil Olsen-P concentration decreased with cultivation time until about 3 mg kg 1, afterwards it remained constant and did not decline although the P balance was negative. The decrease in Olsen-P caused by crop uptake can be replenished by other forms of soil P because of low uptake and crop yield at this range of Olsen-P in soils (Selles et al., 1995). Compared with no fertilizer P application, applications of 20, 39, 59, and 79 kg P ha 1 increased the levels of soil Olsen-P by 3.7, 5.2, 11.2 and 20.6 mg P kg 1 soil, respectively. These values were very consistent with the results reported by Fan et al. (2003) in the same experimental site, where Olsen-P increased by 4.2 mg kg 1 in the soil receiving 26 kg P ha 1. These results were also similar but higher than those reported by Halvorson and Black (1985) on a glacial till soil, where they found that soil Olsen-P content increased by 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg P kg 1 in the treatments receiving fertilizer P application at 22, 45, 90, and 180 kg P ha 1 year 1 for 16 years, respectively. In five long-term wheat-maize crop rotation experiments, Ma et al. (2009) found that the Olsen-P concentration in soils with fertilizers increased with cultivation time, and the accumulation rate of P in soils was affected mainly by P fertilization rate, crop yield and soil ph (Ma et al., 2009). In this study, there was a strong linear correlation between Olsen-P and fertilizer P rate, and fertilizer P rate might be the only factor for affecting the accumulation of Olsen-P due to the similar crop yield and soil ph (data not shown) among different fertilizer P application treatments. The increasing rates of Olsen-P are 0.18, 0.24, 0.53 and 0.98 mg kg 1 year 1 when the fertilizer P rates are 20, 39, 59 and 79 kg P ha 1 year 1, respectively. Pi and its fractions Soil Pi contents ranged from to mg kg 1 (Table II), and accounted for 56.2% to 67.5% of the total P. Compared with no fertilizer P application, soil Pi increased by 19.7%, 16.4%, 64.6%, and 75.0% when fertilizer P rates were 20, 39, 59, and 79 kg P ha 1, respectively, and the percent increases were statistically correlated to fertilizer P rates. The contents of all Pi fractions but Ca 10 -P increased after fertilizer P applications as shown in Table II, although no significant differences were found among two low fertilizer P levels and no fertilizer P treatment for Ca 8 -P, Al-P, Fe-P and occluded P. Table II also showed a high correlations coefficient between fertilizer P rates and all Pi fractions but Ca 10 -P. The slope of linear correlation equations between Pi fractions and fertilizer P rate was in the order of Ca 8 -P > Al-P > Fe-P > Ca 2 -P occluded P, which indicated the extent how Pi fractions increased or affected by fertilizer P applications. Long-term fertilizer P application had a more positive impact on the accumulation of soil Ca 8 -P than the
5 308 J. WANG et al. TABLE II Concentrations of soil Pi fractions after long-term fertilizer P applications at the Changwu Agro-ecological Experimental Station Fertilizer rate Ca 2 -P Ca 8 -P Al-P Fe-P Occluded P Ca 10 -P Total Pi kg P ha 1 mg kg d a) 70.3b 10.2c 26.6c 13.1b 296.7a 421.5b c 88.2b 16.6bc 34.2c 13.4ab 342.0a 504.6b bc 114.8b 21.8bc 37.8bc 17.2ab 288.4a 490.7b ab 200.0a 44.4ab 49.0ab 20.4ab 365.5a 693.8a a 242.2a 56.0a 57.4a 24.0a 341.8a 737.6a Linear regression with fertilizer P rate (n = 15) Slope Intercept R P < < < < < ns b) < a) Values within one column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different at P<0.05. b) Not significant. other fractions, which is consistent to the results from Samadi and Gilkes (1998). The contents of Pi fractions after fertilizer P application were in the order of Ca 10 -P > Ca 8 -P > Fe-P > Al-P > occluded P > Ca 2 -P, and only Al-P exceeded occluded P when comparing to that without fertilizer P application (Fig. 1). As the dominant component, soil Ca 10 -P accounted for 70.5% of the total Pi in the soils without fertilizer P application, and with increasing fertilizer P rate the percentage decreased to 42.8% when receiving 79 kg P ha 1. Similar result was also found by Lai et al. (2003) where the percentage of Ca 10 -P declined from 75.1% to 59.5% after receiving 26 kg P ha 1. In contrast, the percentages of Ca 2 -P (1.1% 2.2%), Ca 8 -P (16.6% 32.7%), and Al-P (2.4% 7.7%) relative to total Pi increased with fertilizer P application, while the percentages of Fe-P and occluded P remained stable after fertilizer P applications, being 6.3% 7.8% and 2.7% 3.5%, respectively. Fig. 1 Percentages of Pi fractions under different rates of fertilizer P application. Relationship between Olsen-P and Pi fractions Simple correlation coefficients showed that Olsen-P was positively correlated with all Pi fractions except for Ca 10 -P (Table III). According to Jiang and Gu (1989), Pi fractions had different contributions to plant-available P which could be reflected by the extraction sequence. However, the correlation coefficients did not decrease in the extraction order, and high correlations were also found among these Pi fractions except for Ca 10 -P as shown in Table III, so the transformation among these fractions would be more important to understand their potential of P release and direct availability. Path analysis was used to partition the relationship between Olsen-P and P fractions into direct and
6 SOIL PHOSPHORUS AND SUPERPHOSPHATE APPLICATION 309 TABLE III Pearson correlation coefficients for soil Olsen-P and Pi fractions Olsen-P Ca 2 -P Ca 8 -P Al-P Fe-P Occluded P Ca 2 -P 0.81*** Ca 8 -P 0.92*** 0.86*** Al-P 0.80*** 0.71** 0.82*** Fe-P 0.75** 0.83*** 0.90*** 0.75** Occluded P 0.83*** 0.84*** 0.93*** 0.66** 0.89*** Ca 10 -P 0.25ns a) 0.20ns 0.02ns 0.03ns 0.03ns 0.31ns **, ***Significant at P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively. a) Not significant. indirect effects. Direct path coefficients measure the direct effect of a fraction on Olsen-P, while indirect path coefficients specify the effect of a fraction passed through other fractions. A high path coefficient indicates a strong effect on Olsen-P. Inorganic P fertilizer accounted for 90% of variations in Olsen-P (Table IV). The direct path coefficient from path analysis showed that the importance of soil P fractions to Olsen-P was in the order of Ca 8 -P > Fe-P > Ca 2 -P >occluded P > Ca 10 -P > Al-P. Fe-P had a negative direct path coefficient, and its high correlation with Olsen-P was mainly from indirect effect through Ca 8 -P and Ca 2 -P. This indicated that Fe-P might be an intermediate in the transformation of Pi fractions. As the most labile fraction, Ca 2 -P can be easily absorbed by crop or transformed into Ca 8 -P, which resulted in a low direct effect on Olsen-P. Al-P and occluded P both had a very low direct path coefficient to Olsen-P, the high correlation between them and Olsen-P was mainly through the indirect effect with Ca 8 -P (positive) and Fe-P (negative). Being consistent with correlation analysis, Ca 10 -P had a low direct and indirect path coefficient. The transformation mainly occurred among other Pi fractions. TABLE IV Path coefficients a) of soil Pi fractions for Olsen-P Direct path coefficient Indirect path coefficient Ca 2 -P Ca 8 -P Al-P Fe-P Occluded P Ca 10 -P Ca 2 -P Ca 8 -P Al-P Fe-P Occluded P Ca 10 -P a) R 2 = P added to the soil was distributed between labile and non-labile pools. Shen et al. (2004) found that labile P (Ca 2 -P, Ca 8 -P, and Al-P) could be readily fixed into non-labile P (Fe-P, occluded P, and Ca 10 -P) due to the association with hydrous Fe oxides and calcareous compounds in calcareous soils. However, the present study showed as a labile pool, more Ca 8 -P accumulated due to the transformation from other fractions after long-term continuous inorganic fertilizer application, which had a significant contribution to soil P availability. CONCLUSIONS In the Heilu soil or Calcarid Regosol on the Loess Plateau of China, Olsen-P increased linearly with fertilizer P application rates after long-term annual P (superphosphate) application. Compared with no fertilizer P application, applications of 20, 39, 59, and 79 kg P ha 1 increased soil Olsen-P content
7 310 J. WANG et al. by 3.7, 5.2, 11.2 and 20.6 mg P kg 1 soil, respectively. Soil total P and Pi accumulated largely after long-term fertilizer P application and were strongly correlated with fertilizer P rate. In the soil with fertilizer P application, the contents of Pi fractions were in the order of Ca 10 -P > Ca 8 -P > Fe-P > Al-P > occluded P > Ca 2 -P, and soil Pi fractions changed with fertilizer P rate differently. Fertilizer P increased both Ca 8 -P, Al-P and Ca 2 -P contents and their percentages relative to Pi, while only contents for Fe-P and occluded P increased. Soil Ca 10 -P remained stable after long-term fertilizer P application, and its relative content to Pi declined linearly with increasing fertilizer P rate. Strong correlations were found between Olsen-P and the Pi fractions but Ca 10 -P after long-term fertilizer P application. 90% of variations in Olsen-P could be explained by Pi fractions, and the direct contribution was mainly from Ca 8 -P. The high correlations between Olsen-P and Ca 2 -P, Al-P, and occluded P were mainly through their positive indirect effect on Ca 8 -P and negative indirect effect on Fe-P. As a labile pool, more Ca 8 -P accumulated due to the transformation from other fractions after long-term continuous inorganic fertilizer application, which improved soil P availability. REFERENCES Bao, S. D Analysis of Soil and Agrochemistry (in Chinese). 3rd Edition. China Agriculture Press, Beijing. Chang, S. C. and Jackson, M. L Fractionation of soil phosphorus. Soil Sci. 84: Fan, J., Hao, M. D. and Wang, Y. G Effects of rotation and fertilization on soil fertility on upland of Loess Plateau. Res. Soil Water Conserv. (in Chinese). 10(1): Food and Agriculture Organization-International Soil Reference and Information Centre (FAO-ISRIC) FAO- UNESCO Soil Map of the World. Revised Legend. FAO, Rome, Italy. Gu, Y. C. and Jiang, B. F The fraction method for determining soil inorganic P in calcareous soils. Soils (in Chinese). 22: Gu, Y. C. and Qin, S. W Effect of long-term phosphate fertilization on soil phosphorus accumulation, transformation and availability in a fluvo-aquic soil. Soils (in Chinese). 29: Halvorson, A. D. and Black, A. L Long-term dryland crop responses to residual phosphorus fertilizer. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49: Hao, M. D., Fan, J., Wang, Q. J., Dang, T. H., Guo, S. L. and Wang, J. J Wheat grain yield and yield stability in a long-term fertilization experiment on the Loess Plateau. Pedosphere. 17: Hedley, M. J., Stewart, J. W. B. and Chauhan, B. S Changes in inorganic and organic soil phosphorus fractions induced by cultivation practices and by laboratory incubations. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 46: Jiang, B. F. and Gu, Y. C A suggested fractionation scheme of inorganic phosphorus in calcareous soils. Sci. Agri. Sin. (in Chinese). 22(3): Lai, L., Hao, M. D. and Peng, L. F The variation of soil phosphorus of long-term continuous cropping and management on Loess Plateau. Res. Soil Water Conserv. (in Chinese). 10(1): Ma, Y. B., Li, J. M., Li, X. Y., Tang, X., Liang, Y. C., Huang, S. M., Wang, B. R., Liu, H. and Yang, X. Y Phosphorus accumulation and depletion in soils in wheat-maize cropping systems: Modeling and validation. Field Crop. Res. 110: Olsen, S. R., Cole, C. V., Watanable, F. S. and Dean, L. A Estimation of Available Phosphorus in Soils by Extraction with Sodium Bicarbonate. USDA Circular No U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. Samadi, A. and Gilkes, R. J Forms of phosphorus in virgin and fertilized calcareous soils of Western Australia. Aust. J. Soil Res. 36: SAS Institute SAS/STAT User s Guide, Version 6. 4th Edition. SAS Institute, Cary, NC. Selles, F., Campbell, C. A. and Zentner, P. R Effect of cropping and fertilization on plant and soil-phosphorus. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 59: Sharpley, A. N., Sims, J. T. and Pierzynski, G. M Innovative soil phosphorus availability indices: Assessing inorganic phosphorus. In Havlin, J. and Jacobsen, J. (eds.) Soil Testing: Prospects for Improving Nutrient Recommendations. SSSA Special. Publication No. 40. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, USA. pp Shen, J., Li, R., Zhang, F., Fan, J., Tang, C. and Rengel, Z Crop yields, soil fertility and phosphorus fractions in response to long-term fertilization under the rice monoculture system on a calcareous soil. Field Crop Res. 86: Solis, P. and Torrent, J Phosphate fractions in calcareous Vertisols and Inceptisols of Spain. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53: Wei, X. R., Hao, M. D., Shao, M. A. and Gale, W. J Changes in soil properties and the availability of soil micronutrients after 18 years of cropping and fertilization. Soil Till. Res. 91: Zhang, T. Q., MacKenzie, A. F., Liang, B. C. and Drury, C. F Soil test phosphorus and phosphorus fractions with long-term phosphorus addition and depletion. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68:
Anil Kumar, Neeraj Kumar, S.K. Singhal, Vinay Singh 1 and V. K. Sharma
Agric. Sci. Digest., 33 (4) : 304-308, 2013 DOI- 10.5958/j.0976-0547.33.4.030 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE www.arccjournals.com / indianjournals.com SOIL PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS IN A TYPIC HAPLUSTEPT
More informationReceived: 28 th July-2014 Revised: 9 th Sept-2014 Accepted: 10 th Sept-2014 Research article
Received: 28 th July-2014 Revised: 9 th Sept-2014 Accepted: 10 th Sept-2014 Research article CORRELATION STUDIES BETWEEN PHYSICO-CHEMICAL, CHEMICAL AND NUTRIENT UPTAKES OF PADDY IN PHOSPHORUS RICH VERTISOLS
More informationTransformation of phosphorus fractions in paddy soil amended with pig manure
Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2013, 13 (4), 809-818 Transformation of phosphorus fractions in paddy soil amended with pig manure Y. Yin, C. H. Liang * Department of Soil and Environment,
More informationNUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PLAN FIELD MONITORING 1. Bradford D. Brown ABSTRACT
NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PLAN FIELD MONITORING 1 Bradford D. Brown ABSTRACT Nutrient Management Plan Field Monitoring enables producers to evaluate the effectiveness of their Nutrient Management Plan implementation
More informationShaanxi, China b The Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and. Shaanxi, China Published online: 28 Oct 2013.
This article was downloaded by: [Northwest A & F University] On: 05 March 2014, At: 17:05 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office:
More informationCycling and Biogeochemical Transformations of N, P and S
Cycling and Biogeochemical Transformations of N, P and S OCN 401 - Biogeochemical Systems Reading: Schlesinger, Chapter 6 1. Nitrogen cycle Soil nitrogen cycle Nitrification Emissions of N gases from soils
More informationConservation Tillage Systems for Spring Corn in the Semihumid to Arid Areas of China
This paper was peer-reviewed for scientific content. Pages 366-370. In: D.E. Stott, R.H. Mohtar and G.C. Steinhardt (eds). 2001. Sustaining the Global Farm. Selected papers from the 10th International
More informationCycling and Biogeochemical Transformations of N, P, S, and K
Cycling and Biogeochemical Transformations of N, P, S, and K OCN 401 - Biogeochemical Systems 20 September 2016 Reading: Schlesinger & Bernhardt, Chapter 6 2016 Frank Sansone 1. Nitrogen cycle Soil nitrogen
More informationEffects of Nitrogen Application Levels on Ammonia Volatilization and Nitrogen Utilization during Rice Growing Season
Rice Science, 2012, 19(2): 125 134 Copyright 2012, China National Rice Research Institute Published by Elsevier BV. All rights reserved Effects of Nitrogen Application Levels on Ammonia Volatilization
More informationEffects of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation rate on nitrate present in the profile of a sandy farmland in Northwest China
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Environmental Sciences 11 (2011) 726 732 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation rate on nitrate present in the profile of a sandy farmland in Northwest
More informationInstitute of Ag Professionals
Institute of Ag Professionals Proceedings of the 2014 Crop Pest Management Shortcourse & Minnesota Crop Production Retailers Association Trade Show www.extension.umn.edu/agprofessionals Do not reproduce
More informationEvaluation of Five Extraction Methods for Available Phosphorus in Intensively Fertilized Greenhouse Soils
J. Fac. Agr., Kyushu Univ., 56 (1), 87 92 (2011) Evaluation of Five Extraction Methods for Available Phosphorus in Intensively Fertilized Greenhouse Soils Than AYE AYE 1, Masato ARAKI 2 and Shin Ichiro
More informationSOILS AND PLANT NUTRITION
The Journal of Cotton Science 3:126-131 (1999) http://journal.cotton.org, The Cotton Foundation 1999 126 SOILS AND PLANT NUTRITION Evaluation of Calcium Nitrate as an In-furrow Applied Starter For Cotton
More informationPhosphorus Chemistry and Sequestration in Soil
Phosphorus Chemistry and Sequestration in Soil Elizabeth (Libby) Dayton Research Scientist / Soil Environmental Chemistry School of Environment and Natural Resources Ohio State University Today s Presentation
More informationNITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN SOME CALCAREOUS SOILS OF IRAQ. Faiz G. Aziz, Hamad M. Salih, Barzan I. Khayatt, M. A. Umran
Proc. 5th Sci. Conf. / SRC Iraq, Baghdad 7 11 Oct. 1989 Vol. I Part 2 NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN SOME CALCAREOUS SOILS OF IRAQ Faiz G. Aziz, Hamad M. Salih, Barzan I. Khayatt, M. A. Umran Department of
More informationEFFECT OF SLOPE STEEPNESS AND WHEAT CROP ON SOIL, RUNOFF AND NUTRIENT LOSSES IN ERODED LAND OF MALAKAND AGENCY, NWFP, PAKISTAN
Sarhad J. Agric. Vol. 23, No. 1, 2007 EFFECT OF SLOPE STEEPNESS AND WHEAT CROP ON SOIL, RUNOFF AND NUTRIENT LOSSES IN ERODED LAND OF MALAKAND AGENCY, NWFP, PAKISTAN Farmanullah Khan, Waliullah, M. Naeem
More informationEffect of fertilizer application and the main nutrient limiting factors for yield and quality of sugarcane production in Guangxi red soil
TROPICS Vol. ( ) Issued July, Effect of fertilizer application and the main nutrient limiting factors for yield and quality of sugarcane production in Guangxi red soil Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,
More informationEffects of soil properties on phosphorus fractions in subtropical soils of Iran
Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2013, 13(1), 11-21 Effects of soil properties on phosphorus fractions in subtropical soils of Iran E. Adhami 1,H.R. Owliaie 1, R. Molavi 1, M. Rezaei Rashti
More informationEvaluation of a new fertilizer recommendation approach to improve nitrogen use efficiency across small-holder farms in China
Evaluation of a new fertilizer recommendation approach to improve nitrogen use efficiency across small-holder farms in China Ping He 1, Xinpeng Xu 2, Limin Chuan 3, Adrian Johnston 4 1 International Plant
More informationEFFECT OF NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES ON PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY IN BASMATI-WHEAT SYSTEM
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 3, No 4, 2014, 1602 1608 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) EFFECT OF NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES ON PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY IN BASMATI-WHEAT SYSTEM
More informationPhosphorus (P) Soil Tests?
Phosphorus (P) Soil Tests? Application rate? P is essential for plant and animal nutrition In plants: involved in photosynthesis, energy transfer, cell division & enlargement root formation and growth
More informationTHE BENEFITS OF MANAGING MANURES WITH ALFALFA. Roland D. Meyer
THE BENEFITS OF MANAGING MANURES WITH ALFALFA Roland D. Meyer Abstract: Alfalfa is a major crop in California, accounting for approximately ten percent of the irrigated acreage, contributing significantly
More informationImpact of Fertigation and Target Yield Levels on Soil Microbial Biomass and Cane Yield of Ratoon Sugarcane
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 4 (2017) pp. 1718-1722 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.604.206
More informationNutrient Plant Availability Coefficients for Manures in North Carolina Jot Smyth and David Crouse, Soil Science Department, N.C.
Nutrient Plant Availability Coefficients for Manures in North Carolina Jot Smyth and David Crouse, Soil Science Department, N.C. State University Commercial fertilizers contain known quantities of specific
More informationAssessment of the efficiency of organic amendments in coastal sandy soil area of Thua Thien Hue province, Central Vietnam
Assessment of the efficiency of organic amendments in coastal sandy soil area of Thua Thien Hue province, Central Vietnam Hoang Thi Thai Hoa, Pham Khanh Tu 1, Pham Quang Ha 2, Cl.N. Chiang and J.E. Dufey
More informationEffect of Fertilizer Nitrogen (N) on Soil Organic Carbon, Total N and Soil Ph in Long-Term Continuous Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.
Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis ISSN: 0010-3624 (Print) 1532-2416 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/lcss20 Effect of Fertilizer Nitrogen (N) on Soil Organic Carbon,
More informationPart B: Phosphorus Loss Potential due to Management Practices and P Source Characteristics
not suffer from such impacts. Surface waters having high water quality may require the implementation of policies and management practices to protect them from deterioration due to excess inputs of nutrients.
More informationIntegrated nutrient management and continuous cropping for a decade on soil properties in a terraced land
An Asian Journal of Soil Science Volume 9 Issue 1 June, 2014 e ISSN 0976 7231 Open Access www.researchjournal.co.in Research Article Integrated nutrient management and continuous cropping for a decade
More informationAbstract. Introduction. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 21 (No 4) 2015, Agricultural Academy
742 Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 21 (No 4) 215, 742-746 Agricultural Academy Efficiency of Some Foliar fertilizers in Winter Wheat S. KOSTADINOVA 1, St. KALINOVA 1, A. HRISTOSKOV 1 and A.
More informationAssessment of Soil Fertility of Grape Field at Bijapur District, Karnataka, India
ISSN: 0973-4945; CODEN ECJHAO E- Chemistry http://www.e-journals.net 2010, 7(4), 1304-1307 Assessment of Soil Fertility of Grape Field at Bijapur District, Karnataka, India A.S.PUJAR *, M.S.YADAWE, U.S.PUJERI,
More informationEFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS APPLICATION ON WHEAT AND RICE YIELD UNDER WHEAT- RICE SYSTEM
Sarhad J. Agric. Vol. 23, No. 4, 2007 851 EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS APPLICATION ON WHEAT AND RICE YIELD UNDER WHEAT- RICE SYSTEM Rahmatullah Khan *, Ali Raza Gurmani **, Akber Hussain Gurmani *, and M.Sharif
More informationManaging Soil Fertility for Sustainable Agriculture in Taihang Mountain Piedmont, North China
12 Managing Soil Fertility for Sustainable Agriculture in Taihang Mountain Piedmont, North China Chunsheng Hu* Abstract Soil fertility the ability of soil reserves to supply adequate levels of essential
More informationSoil phosphorus dynamic, balance and critical P values in long-term
Soil phosphorus dynamic, balance and critical P values in long-term fertilization experiment in Taihu Lake region Shi Lin-lin, Shen Ming-xing*, Lu Chang-yin, Wang Hai-hou, Zhou Xin-wei, Jin Mei-juan, Wu
More informationEVALUATION OF THE ILLINOIS SOIL NITROGEN TEST IN THE NORTH CENTRAL REGION i. Abstract. Introduction
EVALUATION OF THE ILLINOIS SOIL NITROGEN TEST IN THE NORTH CENTRAL REGION i C.A.M. Laboski 1, J.E. Sawyer 2, D.T. Walters 3, L.G. Bundy 1, R.G. Hoeft 4, G.W. Randall 5, and T.W. Andraski 1 1 University
More informationLABORATORY 10 SOIL FERTILITY. Objectives
LABORATORY 10 SOIL FERTILITY I Objectives Learn a method for measuring extractable soil P. Make fertilizer recommendations for a crop. Gain experience with calculations involving inorganic fertilizer materials.
More informationNutrient use Efficiency as Influenced by FYM, N and P Management in Urdbean-Wheat Cropping System
IBIMA Publishing Research in Agriculture and Agronomy http://www.ibimapublishing.com/journals/agri/agri.html Vol. 2016 (2016), Article ID 998551, 9 pages DOI: 10.5171/2016.998551 Research Article Nutrient
More informationImproving Maize Yield on Ferric Lixisol by NPK Fertilizer Use
Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 7, No. 12; 2015 ISSN 1916-9752 E-ISSN 1916-9760 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Improving Maize Yield on Ferric Lixisol by NPK Fertilizer Use
More informationAvailability of Nutrients in Manure Jeff Schoenau Department of Soil Science University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Availability of Nutrients in Manure Jeff Schoenau Department of Soil Science University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada Role of Manure Manures, composts have been used to sustain soil fertility and
More informationP.L. Patil, H.B.P. Pulakeshi and G.S. Dasog
232 Agro-Informatics and Precision Agriculture Proceedings of 2012 AIPA (AIPA 2012, INDIA 2012) IDENTIFICATION OF SOIL FERTILITY CONSTRAINTS BY GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) TECHNIQUE AND RESPONSE
More informationZ. S. Zhang, C.G. Cao, M. L.Cai, C.F. Li *
Crop yield, P uptake and soil organic phosphorus fractions in response to short-term tillage and fertilization under a raperice rotation in central China Z. S. Zhang, C.G. Cao, M. L.Cai, C.F. Li * MOA
More informationDENVER, COLORADO MARCH 4-6, Great Plains Soil Fertility Conference Proceedings, Vol. 6
PROCEEDINGS OF THE GREAT PLAINS SOIL FERTILITY CONFERENCE DENVER, COLORADO MARCH 4-6, 1996 Great Plains Soil Fertility Conference Proceedings, Vol. 6 Edited by John L. Havlin Kansas State University Manhattan,
More informationPerformance of Wheat under Alkali Water and Gypsum Application in Central Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh, India
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 3 (2017) pp. 2300-2304 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article http://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.603.263
More informationYejin Lee, Hong-Bae Yun, Seong-Soo Kang, Suk-Young Hong, Jong-Sik Lee, Deog-Bae Lee
Soil Nutrient Management Based on Soil Information System in Korea Yejin Lee, Hong-Bae Yun, Seong-Soo Kang, Suk-Young Hong, Jong-Sik Lee, Deog-Bae Lee Soil and Fertilizer Division, National Academy of
More informationEvaluation of Six Different Soil Test Phosphorus Extraction Methods for Relationship with Cranberry
Evaluation of Six Different Soil Test Phosphorus Extraction Methods for Relationship with Cranberry J.R. Davenport C. DeMoranville T. Roper Dept. Crop and Soil Science UMass Cranberry Station Dept. of
More informationRESPONSE OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON WHEAT ( TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) AND ITS RESIDUAL EFFECT ON SUCCEEDING CROP
Int. J. Agric.Sc & Vet.Med. 2014 H K Patel et al., 2014 Research Paper ISSN 2320-3730 www.ijasvm.com Vol. 2, No. 4, November 2014 2014 www.ijasvm.com. All Rights Reserved RESPONSE OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT
More informationVariable Rate Fertilizers for Grape Nutrient Management
Variable Rate Fertilizers for Grape Nutrient Management Joan R. Davenport, Jaimi M. Marden, and Lynn Mills Washington State University Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center 24106 N. Bunn
More informationEffect of organic amendments on availability of different chemical fractions of phosphorus
Agric. Sci. Digest., 35 (2) 205: 83-88 Print ISSN:0253-50X / Online ISSN:0976-0547 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE www.arccjournals.com Effect of organic amendments on availability of different
More informationVariable Rate Starter Fertilization Based on Soil Attributes
Variable Rate Starter Fertilization Based on Soil Attributes Jeffrey Vetsch and Dr. Daniel Kaiser University of Minnesota Annual Report, February 2015 Introduction Starter fertilizers containing phosphorus
More informationIntegrated nutrient management on soil fertility, growth and yield of tomato
J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 11(1): 33 40, 2013 ISSN 1810-3030 Integrated nutrient management on soil fertility, growth and yield of tomato M. R. Islam, M.A.H. Chowdhury*, B. K. Saha and M. M. Hasan Department
More informationThe Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF) Glomus sp. and Compost on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) e-issn: 2319-2380, p-issn: 2319-2372. Volume 7, Issue 10 Ver. II (Oct. 2014), PP 28-33 The Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF) Glomus
More informationEffect of Long Term Fertilizer Experiment on Pore Space, Nutrient Content and Uptake Status of Rice Cropping System
Available online at www.ijpab.com Reddy et al Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (4): 1064-1071 (2017) ISSN: 2320 7051 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.5652 ISSN: 2320 7051 Int. J. Pure App. Biosci.
More informationLiquid vs Dry Phosphorus Fertilizer Formulations with Air Seeders
vs Phosphorus Fertilizer Formulations with Air Seeders Jochum Wiersma, Northwest Research & Outreach Center, U of M Research Question The objective of this research is to compare HRSW biomass, P accumulation,
More informationInfluence of Sesbania Rostrata on Soil Properties and Yield of Onion
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 9, September 2014 1 Influence of Sesbania Rostrata on Soil Properties and Yield of Onion Loganathan, P. Department of Bio
More informationThe comparison between powder and granular lime to elevate low soil ph
The comparison between powder and granular lime to elevate low soil ph J.G. Dreyer, Department of Geology and Soil Science, North-West University, Potchefstroom 1. Introduction The North-West University
More informationPhosphorus Management
Phosphorus Management Past, Present, and Beyond What we know, what we need to know Dr. Albert L. Sims Soil Scientist University of Minnesota Northwest Research and Outreach Center Crookston, Minnesota
More informationNUTRIENT UPTAKE AND YIELD OF ONION AS INFLUENCED BY NITROGEN AND SULPHUR FERTILIZATION
ISSN 0258-7122 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 32(3) : 413-420, September 2007 NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND YIELD OF ONION AS INFLUENCED BY NITROGEN AND SULPHUR FERTILIZATION S. NASREEN 1, M. M. HAQUE 2, M. A. HOSSAIN
More informationFACTORS AFFECTING CROP NEEDS FOR POTASSIUM WESTERN PERSPECTIVE TERRY A. TINDALL AND DALE WESTERMANN MANAGER OF AGRONOMY J.R
FACTORS AFFECTING CROP NEEDS FOR POTASSIUM WESTERN PERSPECTIVE TERRY A. TINDALL AND DALE WESTERMANN MANAGER OF AGRONOMY J.R. SIMPLOT COMPANY USDA-ARS SOIL SCIENTIST SOIL FACTORS--POTATOES Potassium uptake
More informationSoil Organic Matter. Soil degradation has become a major concern in. What is organic matter? Organic matter in virgin and cultivated soils
Agdex 6- Soil degradation has become a major concern in Canada. Erosion, salinization, acidification and loss of organic matter are the main forms of soil deterioration. This factsheet deals with the role
More informationEffects of different fertilizations on fruit quality, yield and soil fertility in field-grown kiwifruit orchard
162 March, 2017 Int J Agric & Biol Eng Open Access at https://www.ijabe.org Vol. 10 No.2 Effects of different fertilizations on fruit quality, yield and soil fertility in field-grown kiwifruit orchard
More informationThe Effects of Chemical and Organic Fertilizers on Saffron Flowering
The Effects of Chemical and Organic Fertilizers on Saffron Flowering M. Jahan, M. Jahani Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad P.O. Box 91775-1163 Mashhad Iran. Keywords:
More informationDepartment of Soil Science, P.O. Box 84, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand
Scientific registration n : 120 Symposium n : 25 Presentation : oral Assessment of heavy metal contamination of soils using sequential fractionations Evaluation de la contamination des sols par les métaux
More informationEFFICACY OF MAJOR NUTRIENTS IN RICE PRODUCTION. Abstract
ISSN 0258-7122 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 33(3) : 639-645, December 2008 EFFICACY OF MAJOR NUTRIENTS IN RICE PRODUCTION A.L. SHAH 1, M.R. ISLAM 2, M M HAQUE 3, M. ISHAQUE 4 AND M.A.M. MIAH 5 Abstract Nutrients
More informationSoil Phosphorus Distribution as Affected by Irrigation Methods in Plastic Film House 1
Pedosphere 21(6): 712 718, 2011 ISSN 1002-0160/CN 32-1315/P c 2011 Soil Science Society of China Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press Soil Phosphorus Distribution as Affected by Irrigation Methods
More informationSUSTAINABLE NITROGEN FERTILIZER REGIMES FOR SNAP BEANS IN VIRGINIA
SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN FERTILIZER REGIMES FOR SNAP BEANS IN VIRGINIA Mark S. Reiter 1* 1 Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia
More informationAg ricultural. Experiment Station APPLICATION OF ANAEROBICALLY DIGESTED BIOSOLIDS EFFECTS SOIL PHOSPHORUS LEVELS
T echn ical Report TR17-3 College of Agricultural Sciences Ag ricultural Experiment Station Department of Soil and Crop Sciences CSU Extension APPLICATION OF ANAEROBICALLY DIGESTED BIOSOLIDS EFFECTS SOIL
More informationS.P. Mazumdar, D.K. Kundu, D. Ghosh, A.R. Saha, B. Majumdar and A.K. Ghorai
International Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Technology. ISSN 2249-3050, Volume 5, Number 4 (2014), pp. 297-306 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/ ijafst.htm Effect of Long-Term
More informationEffect of Wheat Residue Management and Fertilizer Levels on Growth and Yield of Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 10 (2017) pp. 25-29 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.610.004
More informationThe Characteristics of Annual Water Consumption for Winter Wheat and Summer Maize in North China Plain
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 28 (2012) 376 381 2012 International Conference on Modern Hydraulic Engineering The Characteristics of Annual Water Consumption for Winter
More informationGROWTH, YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF LOWLAND RICE AS INFLUENCED BY AMMONIUM SULFATE AND UREA FERTILIZATION
Journal of Plant Nutrition, 34:371 386, 2011 Copyright C Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0190-4167 print / 1532-4087 online DOI: 10.1080/01904167.2011.536879 GROWTH, YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF LOWLAND
More informationOECD/BIAC Workshop: Green Growth in the Agro-Food Chain: Nutrient use efficiency for crops. Koen Van Keer & Joachim Lammel Yara International ASA
OECD/BIAC Workshop: Green Growth in the Agro-Food Chain: Nutrient use efficiency for crops Koen Van Keer & Joachim Lammel Yara International ASA relative increase Increase in world population drives demand
More informationEffects of straw mulching on water consumption characteristics and yield of different types of summer maize plants
Effects of straw mulching on water consumption characteristics and yield of different types of summer maize plants J.Y. Shen 1, D.D. Zhao 1, H.F. Han 2, X.B. Zhou 2, Q.Q. Li 1 1 College of Water Conservancy
More informationSoil Test Laboratory Analysis and Fertilizer Recommendations
Soil Test Laboratory Analysis and Fertilizer Recommendations Len Kryzanowski, P.Ag. Director, Environmental Strategy and Research Environmental Stewardship Branch Alberta Agriculture and Forestry Key Messages
More informationTHE FORMS AND FATE OF PHOSPHORUS UNDER VARIOUS FERTILIZATION AND TILLAGE PRACTICES. A Thesis. Presented to. The Faculty of Graduate Studies
THE FORMS AND FATE OF PHOSPHORUS UNDER VARIOUS FERTILIZATION AND TILLAGE PRACTICES A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Guelph by MARGARET ANNE CALDECOTT In partial
More informationResponse of Micro-Sprinkler Irrigated Lisbon lemons to N Rate and Source on a Superstition Sand
Response of Micro-Sprinkler Irrigated Lisbon lemons to N Rate and Source on a Superstition Sand Item Type text; Article Authors Sanchez, C. A.; Peralta, M. Publisher College of Agriculture, University
More informationSTUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF RATIOS AND LEVELS OF NPK FERTILIZER NUTRIENTS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF HYBRID SUNFLOWER UNDER RAINFED FARMING SITUATIONS
STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF RATIOS AND LEVELS OF NPK FERTILIZER NUTRIENTS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF HYBRID SUNFLOWER UNDER RAINFED FARMING SITUATIONS Lokanath H. Malligawad, Agronomist (Groundnut), Oilseeds
More informationEstimating the Nitrogen Nutrition Index of Winter Wheat Using an Active Canopy Sensor in the North China Plain
Estimating the Nitrogen Nutrition Index of Winter Wheat Using an Active Canopy Sensor in the North China Plain Qiang Cao, Yuxin Miao*, Xiaowei Gao, Bin Liu, Guohui Feng and ShanchaoYue International Center
More informationRESPONSE OF WHEAT TO FOLIAR AND SOIL APPLICATION OF UREA AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES
Pak. J. Bot., 41(3): 1197-1204, 2009. RESPONSE OF WHEAT TO FOLIAR AND SOIL APPLICATION OF UREA AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES PARVEZ KHAN *, MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON, MUHAMMAD IMTIAZ AND MUHAMMAD ASLAM * Soil
More informationProperties of Matter. Chemical Properties and Effects on Pollutant Fate. Characteristics of Chemical Changes. Physical Characteristics
Properties of Matter Chemical Properties and Effects on Pollutant Fate Physical Characteristics Characteristics of Chemical Changes Melting point Boiling point Vapor pressure Color State (solid, liquid,
More informationKey words Acid dichromate Anaerobic incubation Release of ammonium Total N.
Plant and Soil 69, 73 77 (1982). 0032-079X/82/0691-007350.75. Ms. 4958 9 1982 Martinus Nijhoff/Dr V~ Junk Publishers, The Hague. Printed in The Netherlands. Simple modification of the Walkley-Black method
More informationPhosphorus Losses via Surface Runoff in Rice wheat Cropping Systems as Impacted by Rainfall Regimes and Fertilizer Applications
Journal of Integrative Agriculture Advance Online Publication 2015 Doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61087-5 Phosphorus Losses via Surface Runoff in Rice wheat Cropping Systems as Impacted by Rainfall Regimes
More informationNitrogen Use Efficiency as an Agro- Environmental Indicator
Nitrogen Use Efficiency as an Agro- Environmental Indicator FRANK BRENTRUP A & CHRISTIAN PALLIERE B A YARA INTERNATIONAL, RESEARCH CENTRE HANNINGHOF, DUELMEN, GERMANY B FERTILIZERS EUROPE (EFMA), BRUSSELS,
More informationEFFECTS OF LIME AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON SOLIDS CONTENT IN GARLIC CLOVES
EFFECTS OF LIME AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON SOLIDS CONTENT IN GARLIC CLOVES by T. L. Jackson Department of Soil Science Oregon State University September 973 Garlic cloves with low solids* have been
More informationA NEW METHOD FOR INFLUENCING PHOSPHATE AVAILABILITY TO PLANTS
Abstract A NEW METHOD FOR INFLUENCING PHOSPHATE AVAILABILITY TO PLANTS Dr. Larry Sanders, Specialty Fertilizer Products, 134 Cherry Hill Drive, Belton, MO 64012 phone: 816-322-7200 fax: 816-322-7207 e-mail:
More informationAssessing soil phosphorus status under different agronomic land use
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations 2002 Assessing soil phosphorus status under different agronomic land use Carlos Henriquez Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd
More informationEffect of long-term N fertilization on soil organic C and total N in continuous wheat under conventional tillage in Oklahoma
Soil & Tillage Research 47 (1998) 323±330 Effect of long-term N fertilization on soil organic C and total N in continuous wheat under conventional tillage in Oklahoma W.R. Raun *, G.V. Johnson, S.B. Phillips,
More informationMODELING SEDIMENT AND PHOSPHORUS YIELDS USING THE HSPF MODEL IN THE DEEP HOLLOW WATERSHED, MISSISSIPPI
MODELING SEDIMENT AND PHOSPHORUS YIELDS USING THE HSPF MODEL IN THE DEEP HOLLOW WATERSHED, MISSISSIPPI Jairo Diaz-Ramirez, James Martin, William McAnally, and Richard A. Rebich Outline Background Objectives
More informationEvaluation of Mosaic MicroEssentials Sulfur Fertilizer Products for Corn Production
Evaluation of Mosaic MicroEssentials Sulfur Fertilizer Products for Corn Production 2009 Preliminary Research Report Dr. John Sawyer and Daniel Barker Professor and Assistant Scientist Department of Agronomy
More informationPhosphorus Update. Addy Elliott Colorado State University Department of Soil and Crop Sciences
Phosphorus Update Addy Elliott Colorado State University Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Phosphorus Application Considerations In order to provide sufficient nutrients to crops while preserving water
More informationBT COTTON PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY AS INFLUENCED BY NUTRIENT LEVELS AND NITROGEN SPLIT APPLICATION UNDER IRRIGATION
I.J.S.N., VOL.8 (1) 2017: 8-12 ISSN 2229 6441 BT COTTON PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY AS INFLUENCED BY NUTRIENT LEVELS AND NITROGEN SPLIT APPLICATION UNDER IRRIGATION 1* Basavanneppa, M. A. 2 Angadi,
More informationChanges in pig production in China and their effects on N and P use and losses Zhaohai Bai, Lin Ma, Wei Qin, Qing Chen, Oene Oenema, Fusuo Zhang
Changes in pig production in China and their effects on N and P use and losses Zhaohai Bai, Lin Ma, Wei Qin, Qing Chen, Oene Oenema, Fusuo Zhang baizh1986@126.com Outline Background Material and methods
More informationTropentag 2007, October 9-11, 2007 Witzenhausen, Germany,
1 Influence of Small scale Irrigation on Selected Soil Chemical Properties Fite 1* Getaneh, Abdenna Deressa 2 and Wakene Negassa 3 1 Wollega University, Faculty of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ethiopia
More informationFact sheet ISWC Wageningen UR collaboration
Fact sheet ISWC Wageningen UR collaboration Background ISWC and Wageningen UR have reached a milestone by working together continuously in joint projects and programs for over 20 years! The Institute of
More informationA Turn-On Fluorescent Sensor for Selective and Sensitive. Detection of Alkaline Phosphatase Activity with Gold
Supporting Information A Turn-On Fluorescent Sensor for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Alkaline Phosphatase Activity with Gold Nanoclusters Based on Inner Filter Effect Haijian Liu a, Ming Li a,
More informationNutrient uptake by corn and soybean, removal, and recycling with crop residue
211 Integrated Crop Management Conference - Iowa State University 13 Nutrient uptake by corn and soybean, removal, and recycling with crop residue Antonio P. Mallarino, professor, Agronomy, Iowa State
More informationBulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 13 (2007), National Centre for Agrarian Sciences
489 Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 13 (2007), 489-497 National Centre for Agrarian Sciences Evaluation of Phosphorus Status of Thrace Region Soils and Suitability of Different Chemical Methods
More informationThe Impact of Phosphorus Limiting Regulations on Land Application. A Contractor s Perspective
The Impact of Phosphorus Limiting Regulations on Land Application A Contractor s Perspective Regulations Ohio Administrative Code, Section 3745-40 Sewage Sludge Regulations New rules governing agronomic
More informationRice-rice-potato rotation system
Rice-rice-potato rotation system Potato likes to grow in the cool environment. The suitable temperature for potato development ranges from 15-18 0 C.If temperature is higher than 25 0 C, potato growth
More informationImproving Nutrient Management for Animal Production Systems. Dr. Tom Sims College of Agriculture & Natural Resources University of Delaware
Improving Nutrient Management for Animal Production Systems Dr. Tom Sims College of Agriculture & Natural Resources University of Delaware Second Global Conference on Land Ocean Connections Montego Bay,
More informationAluminum toxicity in no tillage system in Southern Brazil Toxicité aluminique en système de non-culture dans le sud du Brésil
Scientific registration n o : 2213 Symposium n o : 13B Presentation: poster Aluminum toxicity in no tillage system in Southern Brazil Toxicité aluminique en système de non-culture dans le sud du Brésil
More information