World Gross Domestic Product

Transcription

1 Figure 1 World Gross Domestic Product Year World GDP , , ,664 Century World (New York: W. W. Norton, 2000), 6. These are index numbers relative to 1500, index number Page 10

2 Figure 2 World per Capita Gross Domestic Product Year Per Capita World GDP (1990 dollars) Index Numbers (1500 CE = 100 World GDP) , , Century World (New York: W. W. Norton, 2000), 7. Page 11

3 Figure 3 Year World Energy Use Technological changes are what made it possible to support such huge populations. David Christian, Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005), 442. Total (millions of metric tons of oil equivalent) Index Numbers (1900 = 100) ,000 1,250 Century World (New York: W. W. Norton, 2000), Page 12

4 Figure 4 Crude Oil Production Technological changes are what made it possible to support such huge populations. David Christian, Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005), 442. Source: Adapted from Vaclav Smil, Energy in World History (Boulder: Westview Press, 1994), Page 13

5 Figure 5 Natural Gas Production Technological changes are what made it possible to support such huge populations. David Christian, Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005), 442. Source: Adapted from Vaclav Smil, Energy in World History (Boulder: Westview Press, 1994), Page 14

6 Figure 6 Fossil Fuel vs. Biomass Technological changes are what made it possible to support such huge populations. David Christian, Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005), 442. Source: Adapted from Vaclav Smil, Energy in World History (Boulder: Westview Press, 1994), Page 15

7 Figure 7 Estimated Fresh Water Uses Year Withdrawals (km 3 ) Withdrawals (per capita) Irrigation % Industry % , , , * 5, Municipal % Century World (New York: W. W. Norton, 2000), 121. * Numbers were projected at the time of the publication of the above source. Page 16

8 Figure 8 Approximate Global Vegetation Cover (Types of land cover in million km 2 ) Year Forest and Woodland Grassland Pasture Cropland Century World (New York: W. W. Norton, 2000), Page 17

9 Figure 9 Production of Nitrogen Fertilizers Source: Adapted from Vaclav Smil, Energy in World History (Boulder: Westview Press, 1994), Page 18

10 Figure 10 Number of Cars, Trucks, and Buses Source: Adapted from Vaclav Smil, Energy in World History (Boulder: Westview Press, 1994), Page 19

11 Figure 11 Global Fish Catch (in million metric tons) Year Marine Catch Inland Catch Aquaculture Total Century World (New York: W. W. Norton, 2000), Page 20

12 Figure 12 Global Livestock Population (in millions of heads) Year Cattle Sheep Goats Pigs Horses Poultry , ,016 1, , ,294 1, ,770 % Increase , ,525 Century World (New York: W. W. Norton), Page 21

13 Figure 13 Population by Region (in millions) In the period 1850 to 1950, the populations of Africa, Asia, and Europe roughly doubled. Meanwhile numbers in the Americas, Australia, and Oceania grew much faster, five- or six-fold in 100 years. J. R. McNeill, Something New under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World (New York: Norton, 2000), Asia 1,386 3,501 Europe Africa North America Central and South America Australia and Oceania Century World (New York: W. W. Norton, 2000), Page 22

14 Figure 14 Urban Population Proportions by Region (in percent of total population) In the period 1850 to 1950, the populations of Africa, Asia, and Europe roughly doubled. Meanwhile numbers in the Americas, Australia, and Oceania grew much faster, five- or six-fold in 100 years. J. R. McNeill, Something New under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World (New York: Norton, 2000), United States Japan Western Europe Latin America USSR Africa China South Asia World Century World (New York: W. W. Norton, 2000), Page 23

15 Figure 15 World Population (in billions) In the period 1850 to 1950, the populations of Africa, Asia, and Europe roughly doubled. Meanwhile numbers in the Americas, Australia, and Oceania grew much faster, five- or sixfold in 100 years. J. R. McNeill, Something New under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World (New York: Norton, 2000), Year , , , , , ,100 Source: David Christian, Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004), 443; Robert W. Kates, Billie L. Turner, II, and William C. Clark, The Great Transformation, in Billie L. Turner II, et al., eds., The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1990), 1. Page 24

16 Student Handout 1.2 Question Sheet What do you notice as each billion humans is added to the earth s surface? What kinds of direct human actions contributed negatively to the natural environment? How do you think more wealth contributed to both the choices and the effects on the environment, in terms of use of natural resources and abuse of the natural environment? What periods specifically would you call tipping points or points from which permanent change took place? Attempt to calculate the amount of energy used and the cost to the environment of your favorite meal. Page 25