New Crops for Biofuel/Bioproduct Production. Donal F. Day Professor, LSU AgCenter

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1 New Crops for Biofuel/Bioproduct Production Donal F. Day Professor, LSU AgCenter

2 The Deep South has the climate, land and infrastructure to produce 50% of the Biofuel feedstocks for the United States K E Y T E C H N I C A L G O A L S Suitable crops Low input farming Fermentable sugars Biomass sugars Sugars to fuels Economics/invest ment S T A T U S AFRI-CAP Program #

3 Useful Parameters for Biofuel Crops I D E A L Year round availability High yield Wide range Low-input R E A L I T Y Crops have a single harvest Species variable Climate and water requirement Soil fertility maintenance Minimal agricultural and environmental disruption Economic sustainability Replacement of existing crop cover may affect wildlife and water run-off Dependent on oil prices and by-product values

4 Complementary Crops with similar harvest and processing Sweet Sorghum July - September Energycane August - March Bagasse, syrup, woodchips, molasses, etc.

5 Year round feedstock supply Month Sorghum E-cane Commercial sugar Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Other Bagasse Bagasse Bagasse

6 Sept. 1 st Stubble Courtesy of Chris Adams. Energycane- a perennial crop Has a sugar containing juice

7 Experimental Production sites Sites were established in different soil and climatic zones in Louisiana for growing energycane and sweet sorghum.

8 Temperature F January th, 2014, Chacahoula (Air temp low 20.6 F, 40 wind chill 13.0 F) Soil depth packed on top of seed cane insulates against cold temperatures Soil surface 2.5" down Residue Burn

9 Date of Harvest Chacahoula Varieties Ho L Ho Ho Ho Ho Ho Ho Ho Ho HoCP HoCP Harvest Date August Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.

10 % Cellulose Cellulose = fiber/brix+fiber A A A A B B C C C D* E F Adj cell *Bars with the same letter are not different at the P< level.

11 Tons/Acre (As-Is) CD* Date of Harvest Yield B A BC 0 Aug Sept Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar yield D E E *Bars with the same letter are not different at the P< level. Courtesy Paul While

12 Tons/Acre (Dry Matter) Dry Matter Yield C A A B C C 10.0 D* Aug Sept Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar DM *Bars with the same letter are not different at the P< level.

13 Energycane Production Summary Dry matter yields of 9 tons/acre with very minimal inputs on marginal land. 7 Over 8 months, deliverable feedstock (dry matter) was between 9 16 tons/acre. Most e-canes tested pass EPA cellulose limits (>75%). So far nitrogen affects are limited, but it may be more important in stubble crops.

14 Sweet Sorghum Annual crop Contains, a sugar containing juice, starch containing seed heads and fiber day crop cycle, can be grown across target region Gross structure similar to sugarcane Can be widely grown across Southern US About 6,000 acres required to sustain processing plant for 3 months

15 Harvesting initiated at hard-dough stage Dry-weight biomass yield ranged from approximately 1.0 ton/a to > 9.0 tons/a and fermentable sugar yields have ranged from < 1.0 tons/a to > 3 tons/a.. Considerably less yield in years 2 and 3, which may be due to N leaching and cool/wet springs.

16 Planting hybrids of different maturity (90-days to 150- days) from early April to June allowed for the harvesting from late July through October (Viator) C O M P A R I S O N O F D A Y H Y B R I D T O D A Y H Y B R I D C O M P A R I S O N O F D A Y H Y B R I D T O D A Y H Y B R I D Varieties supplied by CERES

17 Sweet sorghum production following legume incorporation in the soil (low input testing)

18 Issues of Concern L O D G I N G E R G O T

19 Crop Comparison Energycane Harvest time(months) 7 Ag Inputs Planting Acres/1000t/day factory Growth in nontraditional regions none perennial 8,000 yes Dry ton/acre 9-16 Sweet sorghum Harvest time(months) 3 Ag Inputs Planting Acres/1000t/day factory Growth in nontraditional regions None* annual 6,000 yes Dry ton/acre 1-9 *fallow with clover

20 1.3 million acres of idle cropland in AR, LA and MS Potential Feedstock Production Acreage (Idle Cropland Acres) 5 (> 10,000 acres ) 4 (7,000-9,999 acres) 3 (4,000-6,999 acres) 2 (1,000-3,999 acres) 1 (< 1,000 acres)

21 Crop choices ( Approximate Sugars Yields) Energycane Sweet Sorghum Wet ton/acre lbs simple Sugar/ton lbs complex Sugar/ton Total lbs Sugar/acre ,633 Wet ton/acre 20 lbs simple Sugar/ton lbs complex Sugar/ton Total lbs Sugar/acre ,410 Meets EPA requirement for RFS Does not meet EPA requirement

22 Estimated Value of Fermentable sugars from Crops Crop Lbs FS/wet ton 0.08/lb Lbs dry biomass/ton $@$65/ton Energycane Sweet sorghum tons/acre FS $/acre Biomass $/acre Energycane * Sweet sorghum * *value of complex sugars in biomass Gross value/acre est * *

23 Sugar Syrups

24 Thanks to the many researchers who contributed to this project

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