Manure Management. PEI Department of Agriculture & Forestry

Transcription

1 Manure Management EI Department of Agriculture & Forestry

2 What is Nutrient Management???? Involves balancing nutrients already present in the soil, with those that will be applied to meet crop requirement Recognizes manure, plowdown crops, and other organic inputs as nutrients Ensures adequate nutrients are available to the crop, with minimal risk to the environment Field specific & looks at yield potential

3 Manure Management The key to managing manure is getting the most use of nutrients in the manure

4 Manure Management Loss of nutrients can have an negative impact on water quality and the environment.

5 Manure Management What s in manure? Manure Analysis why? What is manure worth?

6 Manure Management The nutrient content of manure is affected by undigested feed, bedding, wasted feed, water content, and type of manure storage. What goes in comes out! Depending on livestock type and ration fed 60 to 80% of N originally in feed 60 to 75% of originally in feed 80 to 90% of originally in feed OMAFRA, 1997

7 Availability of Nutrients in Manure Nitrogen Total N (40%) (60%) Organic N NH₄+-N (20%) (80%) (30%) (70%) Mineralized N Remaining Volatilized (NH₃) Remaining Available N

8 Availability of Nutrients in Manure hosphorus 40% of available as fertilizer in year applied Balance absorbed by soil and reflected in soil test 10-40% available in year 2 (app. time dependant) otassium 90% of available as fertilizer in year applied 5% available in year 2

9 Why take manure samples? Nutrient availability depends on when and how it is applied Early Fall (lbs/1000 gals) Spring Injection (lbs/1000 gals) Spring Unincorporated (lbs/1000 gals) N O O

10 If you don t know what you ve got, how can you know what its worth?! Manure sampling is worth it

11 Manure Sampling-Solid/Semisolid Take fork/shovel full from loads and combine on a hard surface Chop & mix together Divide pile into quarters eep one quarter only Repeat until 1-2 L sample remains ut sample in plastic container, leaving room at the top for gas expansion (store in a cool area) Freeze sample if it can not be taken to the lab the same day

12 Manure Sampling-Liquid/Slurry Agitate manure in storage for 24 hours Collect samples from loads and place in a plastic pail Mix thoroughly and transfer 1-2 L sample to a plastic container, leaving room for gas expansion Store in a cool area, or freeze if the sample can not be taken to the lab the same day

13 Manure Test Report Manure Test C:N Ratio 9.65 Nitrogen % 0.27 Ammonium % 0.18 hosphorus % 0.05 otassium % 0.17

14 Manure Test Report- Application Information Liquid/semi-solid dairy manure was injected on May 20

15 Organic N Availability Estimates N NH4+-N Retention Estimates Application Availability Method Liquid/Semi-Solid Dry Litter Injected Inc. Day Inc. Day Inc. Day Inc Day Inc. Day No Inc Late Fall Manure Type oultry Other C:N < 15 Other C:N 15 to 25 Other C:N > 25 Date Applied Before June 15 June 15 to Sept 15 After Sept 15 Before June 15 June 15 to Sept 15 After Sept 15 Before June 15 June 15 to Sept 15 After Sept 15 Before June 15 June 15 to Sept 15 After Sept 15 Year Year Year Availability Estimates Availability Estimates Nutrient Date Applied Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Nutrient Date Applied Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Before June Before June After June After June

16 Manure Test Report Manure Test C:N Ratio 9.65 Nitrogen % 0.27 Ammonium % 0.18 hosphorus % 0.05 otassium % Org-N avail. estimate based on C:N ratio & app. before June 15 = NH₄+-N avail. estimate based on injection =.95 - avail. = avail. = 0.9 What is the nutrient value of the manure?

17 Manure Test Report - N Total lant Available N (AN) = available % NH₄+N + available % organic N We know: Total N = 0.27 (0.27 X 10 = 2.7 kg/tonne) NH₄+N = 0.18 (0.18 X 10 = 1.8 kg/tonne) What about organic N???????? Total N = NH₄+N + organic N So Organic N = Total N - NH₄+N = 2.7 kg/tonne 1.8 kg/tonne = 0.9 kg/tonne

18 Manure Test Report - N Available % NH₄+N = NH₄+N X availability coefficient = 1.8 kg/tonne X 0.95 = 1.71 kg/tonne Available % organic N = organic N X availability coefficient = 0.9 kg/tonne X 0.2 = 0.18 kg/tonne AN = 1.71kg/tonne kg/tonne = 1.89 kg/tonne

19 Manure Test Report & We know % = 0.05 (0.05 X 10 = 0.5 kg/tonne) % = 0.17 (0.17 X 10 = 1.7 kg/tonne) lant Available % ₂O₅ = % X 2.29 X availability coefficient = 0.5 kg/tonne X 2.29 X 0.4 = 0.46 kg/tonne lant Available % ₂O = % X 1.2 X availability coefficient = 1.7 kg/tonne X 1.2 X 0.9 = 1.84 kg/tonne

20 Nutrient Value of the manure: N = 1.89 kg/tonne 2O5 = 0.46 kg/tonne 2O = 1.84 kg/tonne (3.8 lb/ton) (0.92 lb/ton) (3.7 lb/ton) *Note: 1 kg/tonne = 2 lb/ton* At an application rate of 10 tonne/ha. 19 kg N, 5 kg 2O5 & 18 kg 2O are applied to a crop At an application rate of 10 ton/ac lb N, 10 lb 2O5, & 36 lb 2O are applied to a crop

21 What is my manure worth?

22 rice of Fertilizer (2010) Blend $ er Tonne $ er lb Value of Manure based on manure analysis: (4 lb N x $0.19/lb) + (1lb 2O5 x $0.25/lb) + (4 lb 2O x $0.28/lb) = $ 2.13 / ton

23 if Barley has a nutrient requirement of (N-₂O₅-₂0) It would take approx ton./ac. of manure to meet the crop requirement at a value of $2.13/ton = $28.00 $32.00/ac It would take approx. 350 lbs./ac of to meet the crop requirement at a value of approx. $500.00/ton = $88/ac Using manure would have SAVED you $55-$60/ac!!!!

24 Manure as a Nutrient Source Disadvantages Content and availability variable Nutrients become pollutants if improperly used Manure poses health risks if used improperly Repeated application raises nutrient levels Odor

25 Manure as a Nutrient Source Advantages Readily available source of nutrients and minerals Soil amendment Organic and inorganic forms

26 To Get the Most out of Your Manure Have your manure tested Calibrate your spreader Match fields and manure Adjust manure credits according to how it is applied eep records Adjust commercial fertilizer based on manure credits

27 Evaluate Limitations Environmental hazards or concerns Regulations and standards

28 Rate Date Method Date Manure Application Soil Tests Excessive nutrient levels When and how much available Analysis Blend Nutrient Application Record Review Livestock Units Date Rate Manure Tests Crop Records Harvest Analysis Yield Date lanting

29 Inventory of On-Farm Nutrients Current reports for soil, manure, compost and other special products Estimate nutrient contribution from residual effects

30 Manure = $$ Spring, incorporated after 1 day Spring, incorporated after 5 days Lbs/1000 gals $ Value Lbs/1000 gals $ Value N Lost Value 1.33 = 44% loss!!

31 Manure = $$ Application Rate Spring, incorporated after 1 day Spring, incorporated after 5 days 3500 gals/ac 3500 gals/ac Field Size 20 ac 20 ac Total Volume Applied $ Value of Manure N 70,000 gals 70,000 gals

32 Calibration is ey!

33 Calibration is ey! Estimates of Manure Application Rate from 101 Farmers Attending Ohio Field Demos Estimated Number of Farmers ercentage of Farmers Application Rate = 1 ton/ac (Actual rate) Overestimated Underestimated (1/2 or less of actual rate) 66 (51) 65 (50)

34 Manure Spreader Calibration Want to answer two questions: What is my current manure application rate? Based on loads applied per field OR Based on acres covered by one load How can I apply manure at my target manure application rate? Based on loads needed per field OR Based on distance traveled per load

35 Current Manure Application Rate Based on Loads Applied er Field Load Cell Empty Weight (lbs) Full Weight (lbs) Totals =5465 Total Full (lbs) Total Empty (lbs) Lbs of Manure per Load = =11460

36 Current Manure Application Rate Based on Loads Applied per Field Convert lbs of manure/load to: tons/load (solid manure); divide by 2000 OR 1000 gallon/load (liquid manure); divide by 8300 Lbs of Manure per Load Lbs/ton OR Lbs/1000 gal / 2000 tons or 1000 gal. per Load = 5.73 tons/load

37 Current Manure Application Rate Based on Loads Applied per Field # Loads Applied to Field tons or 1000 gal/load tons or 1000 gal Applied to Field # Acres in Field Application Rate per Acre 20 X 5.73 tons = tons / 8 = tons/ac

38 Apply Target Manure Application Rate Based on Loads Needed per Field Target Rate er Acre (tons) Acres in Field Total Manure Needed tons or 1000 gal per Load Loads Needed 20 X 20 = 400 tons / 5.73 = 70

39 Modifications to Manure Spreaders Modifications made to conventional manure spreaders can have a number of benefits: Distribute manure more evenly and accurately Improve nutrient-use efficiency on the farm Mitigate odor concerns Mitigate nutrient concerns

40 Modifications to Manure Spreaders Solid Manure Spreaders Improved Horizontal Augers Vertical Augers

41 Modifications to Manure Spreaders Liquid Manure Spreaders Low splash plate Low height application boom Surface application tubes Sleigh foot Manure injector GS

42 Low Splash late Manure Injector Low Height Application Boom Surface Application Tubes Sleigh Foot

43 Questions??????