How High Fuel, Fertilizer and Commodity Prices Affect Manure Management Decisions

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1 How High Fuel, Fertilizer and Commodity Prices Affect Manure Management Decisions John A. Lory, Plant Science Ray Massey, Agricultural Economics Marcia Shannon, Animal Science Peter Scharf, Plant Science Charles Fulhage, Agricultural Engineering

2 Outline Effect of high fertilizer prices on optimum N rate. Getting a grip on manure value. Fuel effects Feed effects Integrating manure value into feed management decisions.

3 N Price Effect on Fertilizer Rate Commodity Price ($) Corn ($/bushel) Urea ($/10 lbs N) Source: NASS Based on April prices for MO corn and National fertilizer prices

4 Return from N Fertilizer ($/acre) N Price Effect on Fertilizer Rate 1996 Corn: $4.26/bu N: $0.30/lb Ratio: 14.0: Corn: $2.03/bu N: $0.36/lb Ratio: 5.6: Fertilizer N Rate (lbs/acre)

5 N Price Effect on Fertilizer Rate Commodity Price ($) Corn ($/bushel) Urea ($/10 lbs N) Source: NASS Based on April prices for MO corn and National fertilizer prices

6 Return from N Fertilizer ($/acre) N Price Effect on Fertilizer Rate $300 $ Corn: $5.30/bu N: $0.60/lb Ratio: 8.8:1 Corn: $1.93/bu N: $0.21/lb Ratio: 9.3:1 $200 $150 $100 $50 $ Fertilizer N Rate (lbs/acre)

7 N Price Effect on Fertilizer Rate The price of making a N fertilizer mistake: 40 lbs/ac low 40 lbs/ac high ---$/acre (low prices) $7.00 $ (high prices) $18.40 $2.80

8 N Price Effect on Fertilizer Rate Optimum rates have not changed much. Value of good management has increased.

9 Getting a Grip on Manure Value Commodity Price ($/lb) Urea-N Phosphate Potash Source: NASS Based on national April fertilizer prices

10 Getting a Grip on Manure Value Fertilizer Value ($) Poultry Litter ($/wet ton) Hog Slurry ($/1000 gal) Ungitated Hog Effluent ($/1000 gal.) Based on national April fertilizer prices Poultry litter (lbs/ton) TKN (45) PAN (29) P 2 O 5 (75) K 2 O (55) Hog Slurry (lbs/1000 gal) TKN (21) PAN (15) P2O5 (12) K2O (12) Unagitated Hog Effluent (lbs/1000 gal) TKN (6.5) PAN (5.9) P2O5 (0.9) K2O (7.6)

11 Getting a Grip on Manure Value Fuel effects Feed effects Storage effects

12 Commodity Price ($) Getting a Grip on Manure Value: Fuel effect Diesel ($/gal) Urea-N ($/lb) Phosphate ($/lb) Potash ($/lb) Fertilizer price based on NASS April fertilizer prices. Fuel price national #2 diesel price as reported by Energy Information Administration

13 Getting a Grip on Manure Value Fertilizer:Diesel Price Ratio Poultry Litter Hog Slurry Ungitated Hog Effluent Based on April NASS fertilizer prices. Fuel price national #2 diesel price as reported by Energy Information Administration.

14 Getting a Grip on Manure Value: Fuel effect Fertilizer value of manure increasing as fast or faster than fuel costs. Higher fuel prices have not reduce breakeven hauling distance if your returns from manure reflect current fertilizer trends.

15 Getting a Grip on Manure Value: Feed Effect We keep getting more efficient at raising pigs. Lower nutrient concentrations in feed Higher feed efficiency in pigs

16 Getting a Grip on Manure Value: Feed Effect We keep getting more efficient at raising pigs. F/G ADG CP P K Diet (lb/d) (%) (%) (%) Early KSU, phytase added MU, phytase added

17 Getting a Grip on Manure Value: Feed Effect We keep getting more efficient at raising pigs. Diet Early 2000 N (lb/pig) 13.8 Excreted Nutrients P 2 O 5 (lb/pig) 8.1 K 2 O (lb/pig) KSU, phytase added MU, phytase added

18 Availability of Excreted Nutrients: Slurry Systems ~ 30% N loss from barns and storage as ammonia. 100% of phosphate and potash land applied.

19 Photo by Dave Stephens Availability of Excreted Nutrients: Slurry Systems ~ 55-70% of land applied N available to the crop. 100% of manure phosphate and potash available to the crop.

20 Getting a Grip on Manure Value: Feed Effect We keep getting more efficient at raising pigs. Diet Early 2000 Fertilizer Value As Excreted Injected Slurry ($/pig) ($/pig) KSU, phytase added MU, phytase added

21 Getting a Grip on Manure Value: Feed Effect We keep getting more efficient at raising pigs. Loss of income for contract operations using manure as a fertilizer on their farm. Impact on independent operations? Good news for land limited operations. Other operations need to evaluate relative impact of fertilizer and feed costs.

22 Integrating fertilizer value into feed management decisions. Forces affecting diet decisions. High grain prices Economics of byproduct feeds. Low hog and chicken prices. Should fertilizer value of manure affect feed decisions?

23 Integrating fertilizer value into feed management decisions. An example: Supplemental feed for beef cattle. Should I buy corn or high quality hay to supplement short pasture? Parameter Cost ($/ton) Dry Matter (%) Total Digestible Nutrients (%TDN) Tons feed/ton TDN Corn Hay

24 Integrating fertilizer value into feed management decisions. An example: Supplemental feed for beef cattle. Should I buy corn or high quality hay to supplement short pasture? Parameter Cost per ton TDN ($/ton TDN) Fertilizer value per ton TDN ($/ton TDN) Net cost per ton TDN ($/ton TDN) Corn Hay

25 All values on a 100% DM basis. Based on Belyea et al., 2004 Clevenger et al., 2001 Integrating fertilizer value into feed management decisions. Impact of Dried Distillers Grains on Manure Management Corn Grain % DDGS Crude Protein Phosphorus Potassium Sulfur

26 Integrating fertilizer value into feed management decisions. Impact of Dried Distillers Grains on Manure Management Crude Protein Phosphorus Potassium Ration STD DDGS STD DDGS STD DDGS - - % % % - - Pig grower Dairy lactating Beef finish Grower pig ration with 10% inclusion rate. 2 Lactating cow ration with 20% inclusion rate (Anderson et al., 2006). 4 Beef finish ration with 30% inclusion rate (Al-Suwaiegh et al., 2002)

27 Integrating fertilizer value into feed management decisions. Impact of Dried Distillers Grains on Manure Management Pig Grower Dairy lactating Beef finish Diet component STD DDGS STD DDGS STD DDGS - - % % % - - Corn grain Corn silage Soybean meal Alfalfa DDGS Dical

28 Integrating fertilizer value into feed management decisions. Impact of Dried Distillers Grains on Manure Management Beef Will increase manure nutrients and manure value. Dairy Pigs Higher inclusion rates will increase nutrients and manure value. Will have limited impact on manure nutrients.

29 Maximizing Manure Value Apply where there is a demand for N, P and K. Injection increases reliability of N in most liquid manure. Obtain a quality manure analysis. Estimate nutrient availability. Calibrate manure applicators. Uniform application pattern.

30 Summary High commodity prices currently offset the impact of high fertilizer and fuel prices on manure management. Progress in feed formulation is reducing manure value. Value of manure can affect feed selection in some situations.

31 Questions?

32 Fuel Price Effect on Manure Value Commodity Price Corn ($/acre) Urea ($/10 lbs N) Regular Gas ($/gallon) Source: NASS Based on April prices for MO corn and National fertilizer prices

33 Getting a Grip on Manure Value Fertilizer Value ($/wet ton) Poultry Litter Hog Slurry Ungitated Hog Effluent Nutrient concentration 8.0% 0.5% 0.2% Based on national April fertilizer prices Poultry litter (lbs/ton) TKN (45) PAN (29) P 2 O 5 (75) K 2 O (55) Hog Slurry (lbs/1000 gal) TKN (21) PAN (15) P2O5 (12) K2O (12) Unagitated Hog Effluent (lbs/1000 gal) TKN (6.5) PAN (5.9) P2O5 (0.9) K2O (7.6)

34 Fertilizer:Diesel Price Ratio Getting a Grip on Manure Value: Fuel effect Poultry Litter Hog Slurry Ungitated Hog Effluent Based on April NASS fertilizer prices. Fuel price national #2 diesel price as reported by Energy Information Administration.

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