US Land Use. 55% of land in US is privately owned Remaining land is owned by the government

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1 Unit VI Land Use

2 Land Breakdown

3 US Land Use 55% of land in US is privately owned Remaining land is owned by the government

4 Land Use

5 Wilderness Parks and Wildlife Refuges Wilderness Wilderness Act (1964) Managed by

6 National Parks 1 st Park 1872 National Park Service Currently includes parks Primary goal Teach people about the natural environment, management of natural resources and history of a site

7 National Parks Threats to U.S. Parks Natural Regulation

8 Wildlife Refuge National Wildlife Refuge System Represent all major ecosystems founds in the US Mission

9 National Forests Managed for multiple uses Road building is an issue Clearcutting is an issue

10 Forest Management Traditional Forest Management

11 Forest Management Ecological Sustainable Forest Management

12 Harvesting Trees

13 Deforestation Results of Deforestation Decreased soil fertility Uncontrolled soil erosion Production of hydroelectric power (silt build up behind dams) Increased sedimentation of waterways Formation of deserts Extinction of species Global climate changes

14 Rangelands Rangelands

15 Rangelands Overgrazing leaves ground barren Land degradation Desertification

16 Rangelands Make up of total US land area Pressure from developers to subdivide Public rangeland managed by: Conditions of public rangeland are slowly improving

17 Agricultural Land US has 300 million acres of prime farmland Suburban sprawl

18 Food Production Methods Croplands Rangelands Fisheries

19 World Food Security Feeding growing population is difficult Annual grain production (left) has increased since 1970 Grain per person has not (right)

20 Crop Production

21 Animals as Food Constitute of the calories consumed in developed countries Only comprise of calories consumed in developing countries

22 Principle Types of Agriculture Industrialized agriculture

23 Principle Types of Agriculture Subsistence Agriculture Traditional agricultural methods, which are dependent on labor and large amounts of land Most common type of agricultural practice

24 Challenges of Producing More Crop and Livestock Domestication and Genetic Diversity

25 Challenges of Producing More Crop and Livestock Increasing Crop Yields

26 Challenges of Producing More Crop and Livestock Increasing Livestock Yields Hormone supplements Antibiotics

27 Antibiotic Use and Resistance

28 Genetic Engineering Manipulation of genes by taking specific gene from a cell of one species and placing it into the cell of an unrelated species

29 Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) Add beneficial characteristics to crops

30 Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

31 Safety in Genetic Engineering Studies have shown them to be safe for human consumption Concerns about GMO seed or pollen spreading in wild GMOs are not currently labeled Backlash against GMOs

32 Environmental Impacts of Agriculture

33 Sustainable Agriculture Examples: Natural Predator-prey relationships instead of pesticides Crop selection Crop rotation and conservation tillage Supplying nitrogen with legumes Organic agriculture Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

34 Fisheries No nation lays claim to open ocean Resource susceptible to overuse and degradation

35 Overharvesting Fisheries

36 Commercial Fishing Methods

37 World Seafood Harvest

38 Fisheries of the World - Problems Ocean Pollution - dumping ground Aquaculture

39 Fisheries of the World - Problems Aquaculture (continued)

40 Pesticides Broad spectrum pesticide 1 st Generation Pesticide

41 Pesticides Second generation pesticide

42 Problems with Pesticides Evolution of Genetic Resistance

43 Pesticide Resistance Pesticide Treadmill Resistance Management

44 Problems with Pesticides Imbalances the Ecosystem

45 Problems with Pesticides Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and Biomagnification Bioaccumulation: The buildup of a persistent pesticide or other toxic substance in an organisms body Biomagnication: Increased concentration of toxic chemicals in tissues of organisms at higher trophic levels

46 IPM Systems Approach - Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Conventional pesticides are used sparingly when other methods fail

47 Integrated Pest Management

48 Systems Approach - Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

49 Manufacture and Use of Banned Pesticides Some US companies still make banned or seriously restricted pesticides May lead to the importation of food tainted with banned pesticides Global ban of persistent organic pollutants

50 Manufacture and Use of Banned Pesticides - The Dirty Dozen

Chapter 23 Pest Management

Chapter 23 Pest Management Overview of Chapter 23 What is a Pesticide? Benefits and Problems With Pesticides Risks of Pesticides to Human Health Alternatives to Pesticides Laws Controlling Pesticides Use