Vasant P. Gandhi Dinesh Jain. Introduction of. Biotechnology in India's. Agriculture. Impact, Performance and Economics. gcggtaaion» XX3ME AHMEDABAP
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1 Vasant P. Gandhi Dinesh Jain Introduction of Biotechnology in India's Agriculture Impact, Performance and Economics 4^ Spri ringer gcggtaaion» XX3ME AHMEDABAP
2 Contents Part I Introduction 1 Introduction and Objectives of the Study Introduction Objectives and Methodology of the Study 4 References 5 2 An Overview of Cotton in India Introduction World Scenario Cotton Cultivation in India: Recent Performance Geographica! Distribution of Area and Production of Cotton Recent Performance of Cotton Cultivation in the Selected States 11 3 Development and Adoption of Bt Cotton Introduction Review of Literature PesticideUse Cost of Production and Yield Bt Cotton Seed Price Environmental Considerations Voices for and Against Bt Cotton Adoption of Bt Cotton in India 24 References 25 Part II Bt Cotton vis-a-vis Non-Bt Cotton Overall in India 4 Sampling and Methodology of the Study Across the States Sample Design 29 ix
3 x Contents 5 Nature and Performance of Bt Cotton vs. Non-Bt Cotton Across the States Introduction Cropping Pattern Area Under Cotton Cotton Varieties Used by the Sample Households Average Cost of Seeds Used Application of Pesticides 39 6 Economics of Bt Cotton vs. Non-Bt Cotton Across the States Introduction Average Bt and Non-Bt Cotton Yields Cost of Production, Value of Output and Profit Econometric Analysis of the Performance of Bt Cotton vs. Non-Bt Cotton 50 7 Farmers' Perceptions on Various Features of Bt Cotton Observation of Farmer Households in Andhra Pradesh Observations of Farmer Households in Gujarat Observations of Farmer Households in Maharashtra Observations of Sample Farmer Households from Tamil Nadu 61 8 Consolidated Summary and Conclusions Bt Cotton Technology Cotton in India Cotton in the Study States Data and Sampling Varieties Grown Cost of Seeds Application of Pesticides Yields of Bt and Non-Bt Cotton Cost of Production, Value of Output and Profit Results of Econometric Analysis General Observations from Farmers 68 Part III State Study 1: Andhra Pradesh 9 Cotton Cultivation in Andhra Pradesh Importance of Cotton in the Cropping Pattern of the State Area, Production and Productivity Trends in Cotton in the State District Wise Pattern of Cotton Cultivation Introduction of Bt Cotton to the State Pest Incidence 83
4 Contents xi 10 Sampling and Methodology Sample Design Selection of Sample Districts/Mandals/Villages Selection of Sample Farmer Households Method of Data Collection and Reference Year Method of Analysis Nature and Performance of Bt Cotton vs. Non-Bt Cotton In Andhra Pradesh Introduction Cropping Pattern Area Under Cotton Cotton Varieties Used by the Sample Households Average Cost of Seed Used Application of Pesticides Economics of Bt Cotton vs. Non-Bt Cotton in Andhra Pradesh Introduction Average Bt and Non-Bt Cotton Yields Cost of Production, Value of Output and Profit Econometric Analysis of the Performance of Bt Cotton vs. Non-Bt Cotton Farmers' Perceptions on Various Features of Bt Cotton in Andhra Pradesh Some Basic Features of Bt Cotton: Views of Bt Cotton Sample Farmer Households Agronomie Features of Bt Cotton: Response ofbtgrowers Flowering Plant Size, Boll Size and Relative Number of Pickings Farmers' Perception on Advantages or Disadvantages of Bt Cotton vis-ä-vis Non-Bt Cotton Measures Suggested by Sample Farmers to Improve the Acceptance of Bt Cotton 125 Part IV State Study 2: Gujarat 14 Cotton Cultivation in Gujarat Climate and Soil Type Irrigation and Sources of Irrigation Cropping Pattern Hybrid/HYV and Non-hybrid Varieties of Cotton in Gujarat Profile of Cotton Varieties Grown in Gujarat 137
5 xü Contents 14.6 Cotton Scenario in Gujarat District-Wise Cotton Area in Gujarat District-Wise Cotton Production in Gujarat District-Wise Lint Cotton Yield in Gujarat District-Wise Cotton Yield in Irrigated and Unirrigated Area and Coverage of Irrigation District-Wise Sales of Approved Bt Cotton Seeds in Gujarat Düring Minimum Support Prices and Annual Average Market Prices of Cotton Sampling and Methodology Sample Design Selection of Districts Selection of Sample Tehsils Selection of Sample Villages Selection of Sample Farmers Method of Primary Data Collection Secondary Data Collection Analytical Framework Reference Year Nature and Performance of Bt Cotton vs. Non-Bt Cotton in Gujarat Introduction Cropping Pattern Area Under Cotton Cotton Varieties Used by the Sample Households Average Cost of Seed Used Application of Pesticides Economics of Bt Cotton vs. Non-Bt Cotton in Gujarat Introduction Average Bt and Non-Bt Cotton Yields Picking-Wise Break-Up of Productivity and Maturity Period of Bt and Non-Bt Cotton Cost of Production, Value of Output and Profit Percentage Share of Inputs in Gross Cost of Cultivation Average Cost of Production of Bt and Non-Bt Cotton Average Price Realization and Revenue Differentials Average Net Profit per Hectare for Bt and Non-Bt Cotton 174
6 Contents xiii 17.4 Econometric Analysis of the Performance of Bt Cotton vs. Non-Bt Cotton Output-Input Value Ratio for Bt and Non-Bt Cotton Regression Analysis Farmers' Perceptions on Various Features of Bt Cotton in Gujarat Some Basic Features of Bt Cotton: Views of Bt Cotton Sample Farmer Households Farmers' Perception on Advantages or Disadvantages of Bt Cotton vis-ä-vis Non-Bt Cotton Measures Suggested by Sample Farmers to Improve the Acceptance of Bt Cotton Farmers' Perception on Environmental Impact of Bt Cotton 181 Part V State Study 3: Maharashtra 19 Cotton Cultivation in Maharashtra Cotton Cultivation in the Selected Districts Sampling and Methodology Sampling Design Age, Education and Experience in Cotton Cultivation Farm Size and Irrigation Sources of Irrigation Access to Market for Cotton Nature and Performance of Bt Cotton vs. Non-Bt Cotton in Maharashtra Introduction Cropping Pattern Area Under Cotton Cotton Varieties Used by the Sample Households Average Cost of Seeds Used Application of Pesticides Pesticide Use Economics of Bt Cotton vs. Non-Bt Cotton in Maharashtra Introduction Average Bt and Non-Bt Cotton Yields Cost of Production, Value of Output and Profit Share of Various Inputs in Total Cost of Production Value of Output and Net Profit 206
7 xiv Contents 22.4 Econometric Analysis of the Performance of Bt Cotton vs. Non-Bt Cotton Econometric Analysis of the Determinants of Yield, Value of Output and Profit Farmers' Perceptions on Various Features of Bt Cotton in Maharashtra Some Basic Features of Bt Cotton: Views of Bt Cotton Sample Farmer Households Adoption of Bt Cotton: Some Determining Factors Agronomie Features of Bt Cotton: Response of Bt Growers Farmers' Perception on Advantages or Disadvantages of Bt Cotton vis-ä-vis Non-Bt Cotton Measures Suggested by Sample Farmers to Improve the Acceptance of Bt Cotton 220 Part VI State Study 4: Tamil Nadu 24 Cotton Cultivation in Tamil Nadu Area Under Cotton in Tamil Nadu Production of Cotton Productivity of Cotton Growth Rates of Cotton in Tamil Nadu Decomposition of Change of Output District Wise Number of Textile Mills and Their Approximate Lint Varieties of Cotton Used in Tamil Nadu Mills Sampling and Methodology Sampling Design District Selection Selection of Villages Selection of Samples Area Under Cotton in Salem District Production of Cotton in Salem District Yield of Cotton in Salem District Area Under Cotton in Perambalur District Production of Cotton in Perambalur District Yield of Cotton in Perambalur District Statistical Tools Used Scope of the Study Limitation 232
8 Contents xv 26 Nature and Performance of Bt Cotton vs. Non-Bt Cotton in Tamil Nadu Introduction Cropping Pattern Bt Cotton Growers Non Bt Cotton Growers Area Under Cotton Area Under Cotton Per Farm Cotton Varieties Used by the Sample Households Relative Preference Among Different Varieties Average Cost of Seed Used Seed Rate of Bt Cotton vis-ä-vis Non Bt Cotton Application of Pesticides Rating on Insect or Pest Attack on Cotton Pesticides Spraying Economics of Bt Cotton vs. Non-Bt Cotton in Tamil Nadu Introduction Average Bt and Non-Bt Cotton Yields Cost of Production, Value of Output and Profit Overall Cost of Cultivation Bt Cotton Irrigated Bt Cotton: Unirrigated Non Bt Cotton Irrigated Non Bt Cotton Unirrigated Value of Output Netlncome Econometric Analysis of the Performance of Bt Cotton vs. Non-Bt Cotton Students''t'Test Farmers' Perceptions on Various Features of Bt Cotton in Tamil Nadu Some Basic Features of Bt Cotton: Views of Bt Cotton Sample Farmer Households Experience of Sample Farms in the Bt Cotton Cultivation Agency/Person Recommended for Growing Bt Cotton Roll of Private Agencies Agronomie Features of Bt Cotton: Response of Bt Growers Flowering of Bt Cotton Plant and Boll Size, Number of Picking of Bt Cotton as Compared to Non Bt Cotton as Reported by Bt Cotton Growers 260
9 xvi Contents 28.4 Farmers' Perception on Advantages or Disadvantages of Bt Cotton vis-ä-vis Non-Bt Cotton Willingness/Non Willingness to Continue with Bt Cotton Direct or Indirect Impact of Bt Cotton Technology on the Economic Development Measures Suggested by Sample Farmers to Improve the Acceptance of Bt Cotton Impact of Bt Cotton Cultivation on Environment 266 Bibliography 267 Index 269
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