Meeting the Future Demand for Aquatic Food: the Role of Aquaculture. Rohan Subasinghe FAO, Rome

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1 Meeting the Future Demand for Aquatic Food: the Role of Aquaculture Rohan Subasinghe FAO, Rome

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4 Animal Sourced Food

5 Farmed Aquatics vs. Other Animal Source Foods

6 Comparison of Sustainability Indicators FCR (kg/kg) Protein Efficiency % N emission (kg/t) P emission (kg/t) Land (t/ha) Freshwater Use (m3/t) Beef ,497 Chicken Pork ,856 Finfish ,000 Bivalves not fed not fed World Bank, 2013

7 Role of Aquatic Food Aquatic food refers to food derived from aquatic resources, originating from marine, brackishwater and freshwater environments, including mainly fish, crustaceans and molluscs.

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9 36 million along the value chain!

10 Micronutrient Deficiency > 250 million children worldwide are at risk of vitamin A deficiency > 200 million people have goiter (with 20 million have learning difficulties as a result of iodine deficiency) > 2 billion people (more than 30 percent of the world s population) are iron deficient > child deaths per year are attributable to zinc deficiency

11 Fish and Nutrition A source of the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) Important for optimal brain and neural system development in children (1000 day window!)

12 Fish and Nutrition Lowers the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality. A daily intake of 250 mg of EPA and DHA per adult gives optimal protection against CHD. Two fish meals a week! WHO - 15kg/capita/year

13 Fish Consumption About 17 percent of the global population s intake of animal protein is fish, but with a significant range: Although African average is very low: 44% - Senegal 49% - Gambia 51% - Ghana 70% - Sierra Leone

14 Fish Consumption Asian average is high with: 54% - Indonesia 56% - Bangladesh 57% - Sri Lanka 65% - Cambodia 71% - Maldives.

15 Small fish vs. Big fish

16 Small-fish and Nutrition Energy Protein Fat Iron Zinc Calcium Vit A 422 kcal 16 g 12 g 12 mg 6 mg 660 mg 348 µg Recipe for Nutrition! 15% dried darkina fish 30% sweet potato flour 10% soybean oil 45% rice flour

17 Animal Sourced Food Consumption by Region

18 Child Stunting

19 Growth in Overall Requirements for Fish

20 World Fish Production 2011: 62.7 million MT 2012: 66.5 million MT 2013: 70.2 million MT

21 World aquaculture production 2013 Inland Marine Sub-total Fin fish Crustacean Molluscs Other animals Food fish total Aquatic algae Total

22 Top 10 Producers Fin fish - inland China % India % Indonesia % Viet Nam % Bangladesh % Egypt % Myanmar % Thailand % Brazil % Philippines % Others % WORLD % Fin fish - marine Norway % China % Chile % Indonesia % Philippines % Japan % UK % Greece % Canada % Turkey % Others % WORLD %

23 50% in 2013!

24 Billion Fish requirement driven by population growth % 14.8% % 0.5% 10.7% World Population 60.4% 8.4% 18.8% World Africa Asia Europe Latin America and Caribbean Northern America Fish Demand (mt) 2007 (baseline) 2030 (projection) Africa Asia Europe L.A. & C Northern A Oceania World Source: Estimation of FI Department 2030 To maintain baseline consumption in every country, 159 million tonnes of fish needed to feed world population in % Total supply (211 mt) > Total demand (159 mt) 4.8% 0.6% 8.9% Source: UN (2010 revision)

25 Billion Fish requirement driven by population and income growth Population growth 9 8 World 7 Africa 6 Asia 5 Europe 4 3 L.A. & C. 2 N. America 1 Oceania Growth of GDP per capita: % Africa Asia Europe L.A. & C. N. America Oceania World Fish Demand (mt) 2007 (baseline) 2030 (projection) Africa Asia Europe L.A. & C Northern A Oceania World Source: Estimation of FI Department

26 Fish supply-requirement gaps Region Supply 2030 Requirement 2030 S-R gap 2030 Africa Asia Europe L.A. & C Northern A Oceania World Source: Estimation of FI Department

27 Bridging the Gap Improved and better managed fisheries Sustaining (increasing!) aquaculture growth Reducing fish waste Addressing climate change

28 Sustaining Aquaculture Growth Aquaculture growth rate during Expected APR (%) Required APR (%) World Africa Asia Europe L.A. & C Northern A Oceania Source: Estimation of FI Department If countries aquaculture production follow the recent trend, expected aquaculture growth rate: 4.0 percent annually. To feed growing and wealthier world population, required aquaculture growth rate: 5.6 percent annually.

29 Sustaining Aquaculture Growth If not? In particular, per capita fish consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa is projected to decline at an annual rate of 1 percent to 5.6 kilograms during the period. Source: Fish to World Bank kg kg 2030 Acceptable?

30 Sustaining Aquaculture Growth There are many issues, challenges and opportunities: Policy and governance Technology and innovations Investment and finance Improved Public-Private-Partnership

31 Sustaining Aquaculture Growth For Asia: Sustainable intensification For Africa: Policy and governance For Latin America: Sustainable expansion

32 Sustaining Aquaculture Growth Improved technology and new innovations are required for: Genetics Disease management and biosecurity Fishmeal and fish oil replacements Improving FCR Reducing carbon emission Increasing the use of renewable energy Many more!

33 Sustaining Aquaculture Growth

34 Sustaining Aquaculture Growth Biosecurity!

35 Sustaining Aquaculture Growth

36 Sustaining Aquaculture Growth

37 Millions tonnes Sustaining Aquaculture Growth % Fed - other species % Fed - crustaceans % Fed - diadromous & marine finfishes % Fed - fresh water finfishes % Non-fed - sillver & bighead carps % Non-fed - bivalves & others % Percentage of non-fed species

38 Climate Change Impacts

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40 Reducing Waste 25% of fishmeal is now produced using fish processing waste Zero waste concept is now being applied in several aquaculture species Future prospects are looking good!

41 Future A serious concerted effort by all parties is necessary to increase the rate of growth of aquaculture sector! This effort should focus on sustainable growth and intensification of aquaculture, while improving the social and environmental performance of the sector! We need strong political will, good governance and significant investment!

42 Thank You!