SCOPING STUDY ON CLIMATE CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE IN TANZANIA

Transcription

1 SCOPING STUDY ON CLIMATE CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE IN TANZANIA Majule A., Rioux J., Mpanda M., Karttunen K., & Kashindye A. Tanzania National Climate Change and Agriculture Workshop: Sharing Evidence and Experience on Climate-Smart Agriculture October, Dar es Salaam

2 Outline Policy framework for CC in Agriculture Estimation of GHG emissions Efforts to reduce GHG emissions Options, synergies and mechanisms for reducing GHGs emission in Agriculture Conclusions and Challenges

3 1. Introduction Climate Change is real, and has already affected human livelihoods and ecosystems around the world In 1992, it witnessed realization of this challenge by establishment of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Signatory countries to UNFCCC have obligation to put in place policy environment and actions to address causes and impacts of climate change

4 1. Introduction TZ is signatory to the UNFCCC since 1992 Affirmed to international commitment in combating climate change through; o Developing policies, strategies and plans for addressing CC o Stock taking of greenhouse gases (GHG) o Reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG)

5 2. Policy framework for CC in Agriculture Tanzania government has put in place several policies, strategies and plans that are directly addressing issues pertaining to climate change and their impacts on various sectors e.g. Development vision 2025 National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP II) National Environmental Policy of 1997 National Agricultural Policy of 2013 Revised National Forest Policy (2012 draft) National Climate Change Strategy 2012 The National REDD+ Strategy 2013 Agriculture Climate Resilience Plan 2014 Etc.

6 2. Policy framework Provided the foundation for mitigation and adaptation work on the ground Mainstreaming climate change issues in sectoral plans and strategies Coordinating efforts on combating climate change across several sectors Regular updating policies, strategies and plans according to the experience and new information & understanding As a result of new knowledge and understanding As a result of new development in international negotiations

7 3. Estimates of GHG Emissions TZ submitted initial communication on GHG emission in 2003, based on two studies; Inventory of GHG emissions ( ), funded through GEF by UNEP and IDRC Technological and other options for GHG mitigation ( ), mitigation cost analysis and other parameters, funded by German Technical Cooperation (GTZ)

8 3. Estimates of GHG GHG emissions by sector : Land use Change and Forestry (87.33%). Energy (6.39%) Agriculture (5.68%)

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10 3. Estimates of GHG GHG emissions in agriculture - Enteric fermentation is still major contributing factor in agriculture

11 4. GHG emissions vs GDP Need to consider aspects of Green growth, where increase of GDP doesn t necessarily go with increase of GHG emissions. This suggests that our current growth is not green. Historical trends of GDP and CO 2 emissions per capita in Tanzania Source: Watkiss et al 2011

12 4. Efforts to reduce GHG emissions Mitigation options in agriculture includes Reduction of methane (CH 4 ) from crop production. It focused on; Irrigation water management Use of improved cultivars & other cultural practices Nutrient management Reduction of methane (CH 4 ) from animal production. It focused on; Improved pasture nutrition Improved breeding, hence destocking local breeds As per initial communication

13 5. Synergies and mechanisms for reducing GHGs emission in Agriculture REDD+ and agriculture; Incentive based mechanism for mitigation Experiences from pilot projects Participatory Forest Management (PFM) and GHG Emission reduction Sustainable use of the forests Increased carbon stocks Leveraging provision of forest ecosystem services Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Afforestation/reforestation projects Benefits for selling sequestered carbon NAMAs

14 5. Synergies and mechanisms for reducing GHGs emissions Establishment of the MRV system GHG Inventory NAFORMA (National forest Inventory) generated data for Emission Factor calculation Activity Data (SLMS) - Historical Land Use/land cover change assessment NFMS Establishment of the NCMC Experience from REDD+ pilot projects Pending Issues Construction of the REL/RL Operationalization of the NCMC

15 6. Conclusion Tanzania has a good foundation of policy framework to address adaptation and mitigation of climate change in agriculture Characterized by very low inputs, the agricultural sector in Tanzania is still conducted at subsistence level, hence small GHG emissions (5.68%), but very high (87.3%) when considering land use change/forestry The country has engaged in efforts to reduce emission of GHG as obliged by international commitment The prevailing official communication of Tanzania to UNFCCC dates back to This communication is based on data estimates of 1993/4 years

16 7. Current challenges Comprehensive, updated and reliable GHG emissions data are missing Evolving MRV system for REDD+ is in place and does not have window to accommodate other sectors e.g. agriculture, energy Cross-cutting nature of climate change issues makes it difficult to track the expenditures if in-line with budgeted items in the Tanzanian government budget Disconnections between the central government and local government on climate change coordination and interventions

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