Integrated Turfgrass Management. Nebraska Extension

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1 Integrated Turfgrass Management Nebraska Extension

2 Select Adapted Species and Good Performing Cultivars Geographic location Environmental conditions Expectations Use Intensity of management Pest thresholds Putting the right grass in the right place will reduce future problems and management costs

3 Kentucky Bluegrass Adaptation Adapted throughout Nebraska, especially western half Cool conditions Excellent winter tolerance Good drought tolerance Poor shade tolerance

4 Kentucky Bluegrass Adaptation Good recuperative potential Slow to germinate Susceptible to summer patch, necrotic ring spot, and white grubs High thatch potential

5 Tall Fescue Adaptation Eastern half of Nebraska Good high temperature tolerance Uses more water than KBG, but has deeper roots and can find water better than KBG Adequate shade tolerance

6 Tall Fescue Adaptation Germinates quickly Susceptible to brown patch Not susceptible to summer patch, necrotic ring spot, and white grubs Questionable winter tolerance

7 Buffalograss Adaptation Photo: University of Nebraska Warm-season grasses (dormant from Oct-May) Excellent heat tolerance Excellent drought tolerant Slow growing Reduced management inputs Poor shade tolerance

8 Use Weeds as Indicators Legumes (white clover, black medic, birdsfoot trefoil), sandbur, and ground ivy may indicate low nitrogen levels

9 Use Weeds as Indicators Algae and moss may indicate excess moisture Crabgrass and many other weeds may indicate low mowing heights Photo: University of Nebraska

10 Use Weeds as Indicators Knotweed, goosegrass, and crabgrass may indicate compacted soil Ground ivy and violet may indicate excessive shade

11 Use Diseases as Indicators Photos: University of Nebraska Lincoln Disease presence may be enhanced by: Improper watering practices Low or high nitrogen fertility levels High thatch layers Low mowing Compacted soils/poor drainage

12 Use Insects as Indicators Healthy turf can withstand many insect infestations, especially with proper irrigation and thatch management programs Photos: University of Nebraska Lincoln

13 Management of many pests can be accomplished through proper management practices Mowing Fertilizing Irrigation Cultivation

14 Mowing is the Ultimate Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Tool

15 Mowing Height Recommendations Kentucky bluegrass: Lawns: 3 to 3½ inches Buffalograss: Lawns: 3 to 3½ inches Tall fescue: Lawns: 3½ to 4 inches Lower mowing heights can be used for all species in special situations (sports fields, golf courses), but will require significantly more inputs

16 Mowing Height and Rooting Depth Shorter mowing heights result in: Decreased rooting Increase mowing frequency Increased water use Increased pest problems

17 Irrigation Frequency Water thoroughly and then don t water again until signs of drought stress (blueish color, footprinting) Water to the depth of the root system

18 Irrigation Frequency Cool-season turfgrasses often exhibit root dieback in the summer So increase frequency and decrease volume For low traffic areas allow Kentucky bluegrass to go into summer dormancy Avoid traffic on water-stressed areas Seedlings, root damaged areas need frequent shallow irrigation

19 Irrigation Early morning (4-10 a.m.) to reduce leaf wetness and disease incidence Water in fertilizer, preemergence herbicides for crabgrass and insecicides for white grubs

20 Irrigation Check automatic systems frequently for accuracy Turfgrasses perform better when slightly dry than when too wet (error in the dry side!)

21 Typical Fertilizer Application Timing and Rate for Lawns Application Timing N / 1000 ft 2 1 April 20-May lb 2 June 5 June lb 3 September 1 September 15 4 October 1 October lb lbs Calendar for cool-season turfs Rates should be lowered or applications omitted for lowermaintenance turf Rates may need to be raised for high traffic areas Application rates can be reduced and application frequency increased depending on the situation

22 Fertilizer Application Timing Avoid high rates (>1.0 lb N/1000) of nitrogen fertilization in Mar-April and June-July Slow release N sources should be used from Spring until September Fall applications important for recovery from summer stresses, winter survival and to prepare for the next season s growth

23 Desired Aerification Timing Aerification reduces compaction and thatch, thus improving root growth Avoid aerification during high stress periods Spring and fall provide optimal growing conditions for aerification on cool-season turfgrasses

24 Desired Aerification Timing 20 to 40 holes/ft 2 is optimum Most important on high traffic areas

25 Credits Content Specialist Zac Reicher, Nebraska Extension Anne Streich, Nebraska Extension Robert Shearman, Nebraska Extension Professor Emeritus Roch Gaussoin, Nebraska Extension Content Editor Erin Bauer, Nebraska Extension Photos Zac Reicher, Nebraska Extension

26 Credits Photos cont. Anne Streich, Nebraska Extension Robert Shearman, John Watkins, Don Steinegger, Nebraska Extension Professors Emeriti Roch Gaussoin, Nebraska Extension Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska Lincoln Note: Photos and artwork not credited are public domain/clipart

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